Parizvino, vanhu vazhinji vanoziva kubatana kwepakati pekusvuta nekenza yemapapu . Asi isu tichiri kunzwa manzwiro aya, "Amai vangu vakasvuta kwemakore makumi matanhatu uye havana kumbova nemukenza wemapapu." "Amai vangu havana kumboputa asi vaine kenza yemapapu chero zvakadaro." Chii chiri chokwadi pamusoro pemuchiri wefodya neyemapapu emapapu, uye chii chinonzi nesayenzi shure kwezvinhu izvi? Zvinokonzera mutsauko kana iwe ukarega, uye unoita mutsauko wakawanda sei? Uye sezvo vazhinji vevanhu vanova nekenza yemapapu vambove-vasati vemazuva ano, vanhu vose vanoda kuziva chii?
Zvinowanikwa Nezvekusvuta uye Muchiri Wemaronda
Isu tinoziva kuti kusvuta chinhu chakanyanya kukonzera kenza yemapapu. Mukana wekuva nemukenza wemapapu unobatana zvakananga nehuwandu hwe " pack-years " munhu anosvuta. Paka-makore inoratidzwa nekuwedzera nhamba yemapakiti emidzanga yakasvuta zuva nezuva nekuwanda kwemakore ekuputa. , ndicho chikonzero chinonyanya kukonzera kufa kwekenza muvarume nevakadzi muUnited States.
Zvakakosha kucherechedza kuti vanhu vasingamboputi vanogona uye vanoita kenza yemapapu, kunyange kusvuta fodya kuchiri chikonzero chikuru chechirwere. Varume vanosvuta vane makumi maviri nematatu anowanzoita kuti vave nekenza yemapapu kune avo vasingasvuti, uye vakadzi vanoputa vanosvika 13 nguva yakawanda yekuwedzera chirwere ichi kupfuura avo vasina kusvuta. Kakawanda, pakati pe80 ne90 muzana yemakenza emapapu muUnited States inonzi inokonzerwa nokusvuta.
Zvakakoshawo kuona kuti mukenza wekumapapu haisi iye chete denda rekusvuta. Kusvuta fodya kunokonzera kanzira dzakawanda uye dzimwe zvirwere . Pasi pose, zvinofungidzirwa kuti makore ose ehupenyu anotsvaira kuputa fodya uye kuti inenge hafu yevashandi vehupenyu hwose vachafa nehosha dzinosangana nefodya.
Ndezvipi Zvikamu Zvevasvuta Vachaita Kuti Muchengetedze Chirwere?
Nengozi yehupenyu hwemukenza wemapapu muvanhu vanosvuta ndeyepamusoro se15 muzana kune mumwe munhu anoramba achitsvuta. Kurega chero nguva kunoderedza ngozi, asi munhu anopedzisira ava nemakore makumi mashanu ane chikamu che 5 mukana wekufa nemukenza wemapapu.
Mukuwedzera kune ukama huri pakati pehutano hwemapapu emapapu uye makore-kutakura-kusvuta, utana hwekutanga kusvuta, uye kuvapo kwemamwe ngozi zvinogona kuwedzera kukanganisa uku. Kune zvimwe zvipingamupinyi zvinokonzera, zvakadai sokusvibiswa kweAsbestos, kuwedzera kungozi kunopfuura zvingatarisirwa nekungowedzera zvinhu zviviri zvinopisa pamwe chete.
Vaimbova Fodya Vanowanzova Nengozi Yakakura yeMaronda
Ruzhinji rwemapapu emapapu (anopfuura 50 muzana) zvino anowanikwa kune vaimbova vachema-vanhu vaimbove vachema asi vakasiya. Kusiyana nehutano hwechirwere chepfungwa, iyo inodonha nokukurumidza kana mumwe munhu achirega kusvuta, mungozi wekenza yemapapu inogona kuramba iripo uye inogara iri pamusoro pemunhu asiri kusvuta kweupenyu hwose.
Kana iwe uri waimbova kusvuta uye uchidzidza izvi kwekutanga, usaora mwoyo. Vaya vari kusvuta kare vanogona kuderedza dambudziko ravo uye kuwedzera mukana wavo wokupona chirwere chacho kana vachikudziridza (ona pasi apa).
Zera Pakurega uye Pakupedzisira Kungozi yeLung Cancer
Ngozi yekenza yemapapu pane yaimbova inoputa inowanzobatwa nezera apo mumwe munhu akakanganisa tsika yacho. Nguva yekurega kusvuta maererano nehuwandu hwehupenyu hwekufa yakave yakarongedzwa zvakanyanya kudarika kuhukama nekenza yemapapu chete.
Sezvambotaurwa pamusoro apa, kusvuta kunotora makore anenge gumi ehupenyu kubva kune imwe nyika isiri kusvuta, uye hafu yevanhu vanofa nehosha yakafanana nefodya. Kune avo vanosiya pakati pemakore makumi maviri ne25 ne34, njodzi inodzoka kusvika kune yakasikwa. Vaya vanonyarara pakati pemakore makumi matatu nemakumi matatu nemakumi mashanu, vanogona kutarisira kudzoka zvakare mapfumbamwe emakore gumi. Kusiya kusvuta pakati pemakore makumi mashanu nemakumi mashanu nemakumi mana nemashanu kunodzosera makore matanhatu, uye kusiya pakati pe55 ne 64 kunodzosera makore mana.
Nguva Kubvira Kusvuta Kuchipera uye Ngozi yeLung Cancer
Kazhinji kanhi yemukenza yemapapu inoitika makore kana makumi emakore mushure mekusiya?
Nhamba iyi haina kuongororwa zvakanaka, asi kuongorora kwa2011 kutarisa vanhu 600 vakataura nezvekuvhiyiwa kwekenza yemapapu kunogona kutipa pfungwa. Panguva yekuongororwa, 77 kubva muzana yevanhu ava vakanga vambosvuta uye vane 11 muzana chete vari kuputa zvino. Kuparara kwaive kwakadai:
- 14 kubva muzana vakanga vari kusvuta-vakasununguka kwepasi pegore
- 27 muzana vakanga vari utsi-vasina makore 1 kusvika gumi
- 21 muzana vakanga vari utsi-vasina makore gumi kusvika makumi maviri
- 16 muzana vakanga vari utsi-vasina makore 20 kusvika ku30
- 11 muzana vakanga vari utsi-vasina makore 30 kusvika ku40
- 10 muzana vakanga vari utsi-vasina makore 40 kusvika ku50
Izvi zvinoonekwa kubva pane ino zvidzidzo kuti vanosvuta vangave vari pangozi kwenguva refu mushure mokupera. Zvechokwadi, muvhareji yenguva yekurega kusvuta mushure mekutsvaga kwekenza yemapapu muchidzidzo ichi chaiva nemakore 18. Zvakare, nhamba idzi dzinogona kuvhiringidza kana iwe uri waimbova fodya, asi pane zvimwe zvinhu zvaungaita kuti udzikise ngozi yako. Ita chokwadi chekuverenga pa. Zvakakoshawo kuziva kuti kuburikidza nekugamuchirwa kwemapapu ekuongorora kenza yemapapu, nhamba idzi dzinogona kuchinja.
Iwe ungangodaro wakanzwa kuti njodzi yekenza yemapapu inoratidzika kuwedzera pakati pemakore mana nemana mushure mekusvuta kusvuta. Panzvimbo pengozi yakawanda munguva ino mushure mekusiya, zvinofungidzirwa pane kuti vanhu vakawanda vangarega nekuda kwezviratidzo zvepakutanga chekenza yemapapu uye kuti kubvisa kungangove kwakaguma nemukenza wemapapu kwete pane chinokonzera. Mushure memazuva mashanu okurega ikoko kune kuderera kukuru mudambudziko.
Nhoroondo Yekusvuta uye Kurapa Kanza
Kutevera mushumo weGurgeon General 1964 pamusoro peSuta neTeutano, vanhu vakawanda vakaziva zvakanyanya dambudziko rekutsvuta. Mutsara iwoyo, zvaifungidzirwa kuti vanosvuta vaiva nemakore mapfumbamwe kusvika gumi ekuwedzera kwekenza yemapapu emapapu vachienzaniswa nevasina kusvuta, uye kusvuta kwakanzi yakakonzerwa nekenza yemapapu muUnited States. Asi isu tichifungidzira kubatana pakati pemukati wefodya nemapapu kare kare. Imwe nyaya yakanzi "Cancer neCarton" yakagadzira mapeji e Reader's Digest muna 1952, uye kuongorora muGermany kwakataura zvakafanana zvakawanikwa makumi emakumi emakore zvisati zvaitika. Vakawanda veongororo kubvira panguva iyoyo vakanyatsotsanangura sangano.
Kunyange zvazvo mutsa wemapapu wakagara uchigara nesu, pane imwe nguva zvakajeka zvisiri nyore munyika yose. Kusvikira muna 1492-apo veEurope vakatanga kuonana nevanhu vomumusha vanoputa fodya-fodya yakawanikwa muAmerica chete. Inzwi rakaneta "iyo yose yeruzivo" inotaura chokwadi chinonyangadza, nekenza-fungidzi yepenza yemapapu iyo nhamba imwe yechikonzero chekufa kwekenza pasi rose.
Idzirapa MuGufi Icho Chinokonzera Lung Cancer
Usati wataura nezvenzira iyo fodya inogona kukonzera nayo mukenza wemapapu, zvinobatsira kunyora zvimwe zvemaikemikari zvinokuvadza mumidzanga yakagadziriswa. Kunze kwezviuru zvemakemikari zviuru zviripo mumutsi hwefodya, pane makumi masere makumi mapfumbamwe ( carcinogens) (makemikari anofungidzirwa kukonzera kenza). Zvimwe zvezvi zvinosanganisira:
- arsenic (inowanika mukoko yehaini)
- benzene (chimwe chikamu chemafuta asina kuchena kakawanda akashandiswa kuita mamwe makemikari)
- cadmium (inowanikwa mumatteries)
- chromium
- nickel
- vinyl chloride (inowanikwa mumasputa eplastiki nemidzanga)
- polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)
- N-nitrosamines
- kunonhuwira amines
- formaldehyde (inowanikwa mukudzikisa mumvura)
- acetaldehyde
- acrylonitrile
- polonium-210 (a radioactive heavy metal)
Pane zvinhu zvakawanda zvinogona kuwedzera kana kuderedza kuora kwehutachi. Mhando dzakasiyana dzemashizha efodya, kuvepo kana kusavapo kwezvinokonzera, makemikari additives, uye mamiriro ezvinhu akaoma ekutsvuta vese vanogona kuita basa mukukwanisa fodya kuti iite kenza. Mukuwedzera, zvingasava iyo makemikari chaiwo mufodya, asi pane kusanganiswa kwemakemikari aripo.
Kuvapo kwevashoma makemikari mumidzanga yeJapan yakave ichifungidzirwa sechimwe chikonzero nei varume vekuJapan vasingakwanisi kuva nekenza yemapapu kunyange zvazvo vakasvuta-chimwe chinhu chinonzi chiJapane chinopfungaira nekenza yemapapu . Izvozvo zvinokonzerwa nekuputa kune vasiri vese vanoputa mutezo wemapapu muUnited States ndewe 40: 1 kusiyana nehuwandu hwe 6.3: 1 muJapan. Kushandiswa kwemarasha akabatwa mumatafura emidzanga muJapan kunogona kuvawo chinhu. Kushandiswa kwemarasha kunonyanya kuzivikanwa nekushandiswa kwahwo mukusunga zvinyuchi muimba yekukurumidzira. Zvechokwadi, zvinhu zvakadai sekudya uye genetic-make-up inogona kunge iri kukonzera izvi zvinotyisawo zvakare.
Low-Tar Tar cigaretti, Mafirimu, uye Lung Cancer
Kuwedzerwa kwezviputa kumidzanga kwakashandura nzvimbo yekenza yemapapu kune imwe nguva. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti vanhu vanosvuta fodya yakasvibiswa mukati mehupenyu vane 20 kusvika ku40 muzana zvishoma zvishoma kuti vave nekenza yemapapu kupfuura nguva dzose dzisina kusvuta fodya inoputa. Kunze kwengozi yekenza, zvisinei, kuwedzerwa kwezvipembenene kunoratidzika kunge kwakashandura maitiro akajairika emukenza wemapapu, uye nokuda kweizvozvo zviratidzo zvakajairika zvechirwere (ona pasi apa).
Pamwe pamwe nekuwedzerwa kwezvifuta, fodya yakawanikwa nechezasi yehavha yekate. Kunyange zvazvo kuderedza tar kunoderedza kusvibiswa kwemakemikari aya anokuvadza, fodya yakanyorwa se "chiedza" kana "ultralight" inongova yakaipisisa sezvinowanzosiyana. Kuti vawane chiyero chakafanana chekotini, avo vanosvuta fodya yakaderera-fodya vanowanzosvuta fodya uye vanotora zvimwe zvinyadzisa, zvichiita kuti pave nemukana wakafanana wekenza yepamapapu pasinei nehutu.
Kusvuta Kunokonzera Sei Mucheche Kanzira? Sayenzi (Nzira dzeMatomu) Dzinofambisa Chokwadi
Kuti ive imwe sero rega kuti ive kenza yemukenza , mhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzinofanira kuitika. Muchikamu chemajeri edu ose pane DNA yedu-maitiro edu emagetsi-ayo anotakura mirayiridzo yega rega reprotini yakaitwa nesero. Zvimwe zveprotein idzi zvinoudza sero kuti ikure nekuwanda. Vamwe vanobatsira mukugadzirisa DNA. Vamwewo vanoedza kubvisa masero akakuvadzwa kuitira kuti asakwanise kuparadzirwa (mukugadzirirwa kwechikamu chechifu kufa kunonzi apoptosis). Kusvuta kunogona kukonzera kuchinja uku mumasero emukenza emapapu nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzakasiyana, kusanganisira:
Ita zvinokanganisa DNA : Mamwe emakemikari mumusvuta wefodya zvinokanganisa zvakananga (zvinokonzera kuchinja uye dzimwe shanduko) DNA yemasero emapapu. Mukuwedzera, mamwe makemikari, akadai sechromium, anobatsira mamwe majekitini "tsvimbo" kune DNA yemasero emapapupa seglue, kuwedzera ngozi yekukuvara.
Kushaikwa kweDNA kugadzirisa: Kunyange kana DNA iri mumasero edu yakanganisa neimwe nzira, tine nzira yakajeka yokugadzirisa DNA yakaora. Zvinyorwa zvinonzi tumor suppressor jeni code yeproteins inogadzirisa DNA yakaora kana kuti inokonzera rufu rwemasero asina kukwana. Arsenic uye nickel zvose zvinopesana nemakwara ekugadzirisa DNA yakaora.
Muenzaniso wekuti basa iri rakaratidzwa sei nerudzi rwechirwere chinodzvinyirira geni chinonzi p53 gene . Iko p53 geni rinodzora kupatsanurana kwemasero nekuchengetedza masero kubva pakuparadzanisa zvakakurumidza kana nenzira isina kudzora. TP53 nheyo dze p53 mapuroteni anotungamirira mukohwi kana kubviswa kwemasero ane DNA yakakuvara kana yakashandurwa .. Rimwe remakemikari muutsi hwefodya, benzo (o) pyrene, yakawanikwa kuti inokuvadza zvakananga p53 gene.
Kuvhiringidzika: Pese apo sero rinoparadzanisa, kune mukana wekuti "njodzi" mukunyora maitiro ekugadzirwa kwechitokisi ichaitika. Apo masero anofanira kuparadzanisa kakawanda kuti agadzirise masero akaora, zvakadai sekuti kana ndege ichikuvadzwa neutsi hwefodya, pane mukana mukuru kuti imwe yezvikanganiso izvi mumasero ekuparadzanisa-kuchinja-kuchaitika. Kune zvakawanda zvakakonzerwa muutsi hwefodya zvinokonzera kupisa.
Kuparara kwe cilia : Cilia inobhururuka-yakafanana nemapapiro ayo anotenderera mumhepo. Iko cilia inowanzobata mishonga uye inovamutsira uye ichibva mumhepo inoenda seyepamusoro brashe yepamusoro. Uturu hwehusi hweutsivha, hwakadai sedarededede, inokuvadza cilia kuitira kuti irege kushanda pakubvisa tsvina. Zvimwe zvakakonzerwa neukisi zvinogona "kugara" kwenguva refu mumhepo inoita kuti zvikuvadze.
Immune function : Masero edu emagunisi akagadzirwa kuti aone uye aparadze masero asina kufanana akadai sekenza masero. Apo maitiro ezvirwere zvekudzivirirwa kwezvirwere hazvisi kushanda zvakanaka, aya masero emukenza ekutanga anogona "kupukunyuka." Mamwe tsvina muutsi hwefodya inogona kupindira nekudzivirira muviri.
Kusvuta, Mafirimu, uye Mhando dzeMukondombera
Mhando yemukenza yemapapu inowanikwa kune vanhu vanosvuta zvinowanzosiyana nevaya vasiri kusvuta. Dzimba duku dzekenza maperembudzi , iyo inowanikwa anenge 15 muzana yemakenza emapapu, inowanzoitika nguva dzose kune vanhu vanoputa kana kuti vanosvuta. Zvisiri-duku zviduku zvekenza mapapu (NSCLC) , zvakasiyana, kunyange zvazvo dzinonyanya kuitika kune vanhu vakatsva, zvinogonawo kuitika kune vasina kusvuta (kunyanya adenocarcinoma type).
Chero-duku duku yemukenza yemapapu (inokonzerwa ne85 muzana yemakirini emapapu) ikozvino yakaputsika muapapu adenocarcinoma (inenge 50 peresenti) yemukenza wemapapu emapapu (anenge anenge 30 muzana) uye mukana mukuru wekenza yemapapu (anenge anenge 10 muzana.)
Nhoroondo, vanhu vaisvuta vaikwanisa kuve nekenza yemukenza yemapapu , uye vasina kusvuta, adenocarcinoma . Nechinoshandiswa kubva kune unfiltered kusvika kune fodya yakasvibiswa, adenocarcinomas yave yakajairika kune vanhu vanosvuta zvakare.
Zvose zvishoma masero mapepa emukenza uye squamous cell lung maperembudzi anowanzoitika kakawanda mumigwagwa huru-yebronchi. Pamberi yekushandiswa kwezvinosvina mumidzanga, zvinofungidzirwa kuti dzakawanda dzemakemikari akaiswa mumigwagwa iyi huru. Nekuwedzerwa kwezviputa, zvinoratidzika kuti makemikari anopinza mukati memapapu-nzvimbo iyo adenocarcinomas yakawanda inowanikwa.
Genetics, Smoking, uye Lung Cancer
Genetics inogona kuita basa mukubatana kwepabonde nekupenza mumapapu munzira shomanana. Hazvirevi kuti zvakajeka ndezvipi, asi zvinofungidzirwa kuti panogona kunge kune chimiro chinowanzogadzirwa nemaitiro ekuva chidhakwa neicotine uye kukura kwekenza yemapapu.
Kubva kune imwe nzvimbo, nhoroondo yemhuri (genetics) inogona kushanda pamwe chete nekusvuta kuwedzera ngozi. Vanhu vazhinji vanoziva ne BRCA2 kuchinja kwemajeni izvo zvakazozivikanwa seimwe ye "maitiro emukenza wepamu." Takadzidza kuti mukenza wemapapu unobatanidzwawo nekuchinja kwe BRCA2 . Vakadzi vanosima uye vanotakura BRCA2 kuchinja mutachiwana vanowedzera mukana wekuva nekenza yemapapu.
Mamwe Mafomu Okusvuta uye Muchiri Wemaperembudzi
Ngarave handiyo chete yefodya inokonzera kenza ngozi. Mucheka wehove, Kretek, uye Bhizimisi inowedzerawo ngozi.
Zvose pombi uye fodya fodya inowedzera mutsa wemapapu emapapu. Izvo zvipfeko zvekuputa zvakabatanidzwa zvikuru pamwe nekamudiki kemukiramu yemapapu uye squamous cell carcinoma yemapapu. Hazvinyatsozivi kuti kazhinji sei pipe fodya inotungamirira kumukenza wemapapu, asi kusvuta fodya kunofungidzirwa kuva neanenge kashanu kengozi yekuve nekenza yemapapu ichienzanisa nevasiri vasiri fodya.
Kusiyana neizvi, hazvive nechokwadi kana mari kana kuti kwete mari inowedzera ngozi yekenza yemapapu . Mazhinji emakemikari ari muutsi hwefodya anowanikwawo mumutsi utsi, asi zvidzidzo zvakasanganiswa-zvimwe zvinoratidza kuwedzera uye zvimwe zvinoratidza kuderera kwekenza yemapapu. Zvinogona kunge kune zvinopfuura imwe nzira inobatanidzwa, sezvo utsi hwebhonji hunogona kunge huine zvinopesana nekenza pamwe chete, kunyanya maererano nehutachiona hwechirwere.
Zvinokurumidza kuziva kana hookah inoputa inokonzera kenza yemapapu , asi pane zvinonetsa zvakanyanya. Kuongororwa kwezvidzidzo zvakaitwa pakati pa1997 na2014 zvakawana kuti hookah inopisa ine 27 makemikari. Mazinga emakemikari akasiyana, zvisinei, kune vamwe vane huwandu hwepamusoro uye mamwe mazinga akadzika kupfuura ayo ari mumutsi hwefodya. Benzene, somuenzaniso, ndiyo imwe kemukari inowanikwa muhupamhi hwepamusoro mu hookah inopisa kupfuura utsi hunobva kune fodya. Hookah inotsanangurira vanhu kune chirwere chekemikari kwete kazhinji chiripo mumidzanga-mazimbe anoshandiswa kupisa fodya iri mumutopi. Hookah utsi inoputirwa zvakanyanya muhukuru hukuru pane utsi hwefodya.
Zvakaratidzwa kuti e-cigaretti inogona kukuvadza masero emapapu , asi sekune hookah, isu tisati taziva kuti sei-kana kune-kushandiswa kuchave nekenza yemukenza yemapapu. Paunofunga nezvemigumisiro ye e-cigarettes uye hookah, zvakakosha kuchengeta mupfungwa nguva ye latency nekenza. Nguva yenguva inoshandiswa inotsanangurwa seyo nguva iri pakati pekutsvaga kenzajeni uye nekukurumidza kukura kwekenza. Nokusvuta, mavhareji yevanhu latency nguva ndeye makore makumi matatu.
Nicotine uye Mungozi yeHungira
Chii chinonzi kubatana kwekotine uye kenza ? Neicotine kushandiswa kwemishonga inoshandiswa zvakanyanya kune avo vanoedza kurega kusvuta, mubvunzo wekuti kana kwete nicotine chete inowedzera ngozi yekenza inokosha.
Kunyange zvazvo nicotine iri pachena kuti inokonzera kukanganisa kwemafodya, uye inogona kuva inotyisa, nicotine haisi iyo inokonzera mishonga pachake. Zvidzidzo zvinoratidza kuti pane kutamba basa mukutanga kwekenza, kemikemikari ino inogona kushanda kakawanda semusimudzi-kusimbisa kukura kwekenza.
Izvozvo hazvirevi kuti nicotine inokodzera chiedza chemavara kana ichiuya nekenza. Kune avo vagara vachirarama nekenza, kune nzira dzakawanda iyo nicotine inogona kunge isiri iyo pfungwa yakanaka. Yakawanikwa-mumakonzo chero--kuti nicotine yakaita kuti chiremera chiwedzere uye kupararira ( metastasis ) yemasero mashoma emakamu emapapu emapapu. Zvinofungidzirwawo kuti nicotine inogona kukurudzira angiogenesis -kukwanisa kwechirwere kuita mitsipa yeropa. Mukuwedzera, nicotine inogona kuderedza kushanda kwekemotherapy.
Secondhand Utsi uye Lung Cancer
Utsi hwechipiri hunokonzera kenza yemapapu uye inofungidzirwa kuti inokonzera 7300 chirwere chepenza chemapfupa gore negore. Munhu asingasvuta anogara neanoputa ( passive fodya ) ane 20 kusvika ku30 mukana mukuru wekuve nekenza yemapapu. (Utsi hwechipiri hunofungidzirwawo hunofanirwa kunge huine hutano hwevanhu vanosvika 34 000 vanofa nemoyo gore rimwe nerimwe.)
Utsi hweSidestream , utsi hwakabviswa neyoyo inopisa fodya, inokonzera kusvika 80 muzana yehusi iyo isina kusvuta inoratidzirwa, ine utsi huzhinji, utsi hunobudiswa nehuseti, huwandu hwe20% inosara. Tichiri kudzidza pamusoro pekuti kusiyana uko kunogona kukonzera sei marudzi akasiyana emukenza wemapapu kune vanoputa uye vanoratidzika vasingasviki.
Chechitatu utsi -zvikamu uye gasi zvakasara mushure mekuti fodya idzimwa-inogona kunge ine chepfu, asi isu tisati tamboziva kana ine chiitiko chero chipi zvacho pamusana wekenza yemapapu.
Kusvuta Mushure mekuongororwa kweLung Cancer (kana Cheropi Cheropi)
Kunyange kana mumwe munhu akaonekwa kuti ane kenza yemapapu, kurega kusvuta kunogona kuita mutsauko. Kusiya kusvuta nemukenza wemapapu kunogona:
- Kuvandudza mukana wekuti iwe uchapona. Chimwe chekudzidza kune varwere vane chirwere chemapapu chakakura chakawana kuti kuponeswa kwepakati pevaya vakasiya kuongororwa kwaive mwedzi 28, kusiyana nemwedzi 18 kune avo vakaramba vachiputa.
- Itai kuti pave nehutano hwekupora kenza yemapapu .
- Deredza dambudziko rematambudziko nekuvhiya. Kusvuta kunowedzera njodzi yemwoyo uye zvinetso zvemapfupa mushure mekuvhiyiwa. Vaya vanosvuta vanogonawo kuwedzera zvirwere zve postoperative uye vane urombo hwakanyanya kuporesa.
- Deredza zviratidzo zvaunoona nemukenza wemapapu. Vanhu vanoramba vachitsvaga mushure mekunge vaongororwa nekenza vanowana huwandu hwakanyanya kuhutambudza kunorwadza kwakanyanya kune avo vanogona kuisa fodya kunze.
- Kuvandudza mhinduro yako kumushonga. Kunyange zvazvo kenza yemapapu isina kuongororwa zvakananga, vanhu vane mutanho wemusoro nemutsipa vanopindura zvakanyanya kurapa kwemaawa kana vakasiya kusvuta. Mukuwedzera, kusvuta kunoderedza kubudirira kweimwe chemotherapy mishonga, uye kunogona kuderedza ropa rehutachiona hunotarisirwa Tarceva (erlotinib) inowanzoshandiswa kurapa kenza yemapapu.
- Kuderedza ngozi yezvinetso zvine chokuita nekurapa. Semuenzaniso, vanhu vanosvuta vanowanzoita kuti radiation pneumonitis ishande sechirwere chetachiona hwehutano kupfuura avo vasingasvuti.
- Kuvandudza mararamiro ako ehupenyu. Vanhu vanoramba vachitsvaga nekenza vane simba rekudzivirira simba, vanowedzera kufema kwekufema, uye vane kuderedzwa kwehutano hwehukama kune avo vanosiya.
- Deredza dambudziko rako rokufa kubva mumamiriro ezvinhu kunze kwekenza yemapapu.
- Deredza dambudziko rako rekugadzira kenza yechipiri yekutanga. Havasi ivo chete avo vanotova nekenza pahuwandu hwekuwedzera kechipiri chekenza isina kubatana, asi mishonga inoshandiswa pakurapa kenza yakadai semakemikrasi uye remishonga inonzi radiation inogona kuwedzera njodzi pamwe chete.
- Deredza dambudziko rako rekuisa pachena vanhu vasati vasvuta kune utsi hwechipiri.
Tarisa izvi zvikonzero gumi zvekurega kusvuta mushure mekunge uongororwa nekenza .
Lung Cancer Screening
Sezvakambotaurwa, mutanha wemapapu unowanzoonekwa kune vaimbova vacheti kupfuura zvino vari kusvuta, asi izvi hazvisi chikonzero chekutya. Kune avo vanoputa munguva yakapfuura, pane ikozvino kuongorora kuongororwa kunowanika pakuonekwa kwekutanga kwekenza yemapapu. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti kana munhu wose akakodzera kuongorora yakaedzwa, kushaya kwehutano kubva pamukenza wemapapu kunogona kuderedzwa ne20 kubva muUnited States.
Munguva yakapfuura, zvaifungidzirwa kuti kuita gore negore chi-x-ray kungabatsira kuona chirwere chemapapu pakutanga, asi izvi hazvisati zvarumbidzwa. Kunyange zvazvo chifukidzo x-rays chikawana mapepa emapapu emapapu, zvakawanikwa kuti kuongorora kwekenza yemapapu nebhokisi x-rays chete hazvina kuderedza chirwere chekufa kubva mumukenza wemapapu; iyi miedzo yakakundikana kuwana kenza yemapapu panguva yakakwana yakakwana.
Kusiyana neizvi, chirwere chekenza yemapapu chemapapu chakawanikwa kuwana mukenza wemapapu pane imwe nzvimbo apo kurapa chirwere ichi kunogona kuvandudza kupona.
CT chirwere chemapapu chekuongorora chinokurudzirwa kuti:
- Vanhu vari pakati pemakore 55 ne80.
- Vaya vane nhoroondo yemakore makumi matatu emakore ekuputa (gore rinorema rinoratidzirwa nekuwedzera nhamba yemakore yekutsva nguva iyo purogiramu yemidzanga inopfungirwa zuva nezuva) Somuenzaniso, kana mumwe munhu akachera mapaki maviri pazuva makore avo vaizove nemakore makumi matatu emakore nhoroondo yekusvuta.)
- Avo vanoramba vachiputa kana kuti vakasiya mumakore gumi apfuura.
- Vanhu ivavo vane hutano hwakanaka hwakadai zvokuti vanogona kuvhiyiwa kana kenza yakawanikwa.
Chimwe chisingatarisirwi chakanaka ndechokuti vanhu vane chirwere chemapapu ekuongorora vanogona kunyanya kusvuta.
Iyo Stigma yeMukondombera weLung
Kubvira kusvuta kunobatanidza nehuwandu hwemaperembudzi emapapu, kune rusaruro runobatanidzwa nekenza yemapapu . Nhema iyo vamwe vanhu vakanganisa zvirwere zvavo uye "vanofanirwa" kuva nekenza. Iyi tsvina inokuvadza uye isina kururama. Hatinosangana navanhu vane uremu hwepamusoro kana kuti vanogara vachiratidza kuti ndivo vane mhosva yezvirwere zvavanokura. Pasinei nokuti chii chinokonzera kenza, kana chero mamiriro ezvinhu echiitiko chacho, vanhu vari kurwisana nechirwere chisingaperi vanoda kutarisira kusingagumi uye kutsigirwa.
'Vakasvuta' vs. Vasiri Vechidiki 'Vanoridza Kanzera
Iwe unogona kunge wakanzwa mumwe munhu achitaura munguva yakapfuura kuti vane "chirwere chemapapu chisina tsvina." Kune mamwe maonero anokosha pakati pemukenza wemapapu mune vasiri vese vanoputa uye yemapapu mumapapu mukati mevanhu vanobvuta kubva mune zvekurapa. Kanzera yemaperembudzi muvanhu vakatsvaira kunowanzova nehurombo hwehurombo pane imwe nhanho yechirwere uye kazhinji kashoma kuva ne "chinetso chinogadzirisa" chinogona kurapwa nemishonga inotarisirwa. Izvozvo zvakati, imishonga inoshandiswa mishonga inogona kuve yakanyatsobudirira pakati pevaya vanoputa kupfuura kune vasiri vese.
Kusiyana nekusiyana kwezvipatara izvi, zvisinei, kuisa mutsauko pakati pevanhu vasina tsvina 'nemapapu emapapu bedzi kunowedzera kuipa kwechirwere. Zvakakosha kuti titsigire vanhu vane mukenza wemapapu pasinei nekutsvaira mamiriro ezvinhu kuitira kukurudzira nekuwedzera mari yekutsvakurudza iyo inogona kuvandudza mhinduro kune wese ane chirwere.
Zvinyorwa zveKubvisa
Zviri pachena kuti kenza yemapapu inowedzera mukana wekuputa, uye kunyange mushure mekunge uongororwa nechirwere, kusvuta kunowedzera. Kana iwe utsi uye uchida rubatsiro rwekusiya, taura nechiremba wako. Tora nguva kuti uongorore mazano gumi ekutarisa nicotine kubvisa, sezvinonzi nicotine inodhaka ndeyekuoma kwakaoma pakurega. Uye iva nechokwadi chekutarisa nyaya inotevera iyo inopa ruzivo kubva pane zvinokurudzira mazano kusvika kune zvigaro zvekubudirira:
- Iwe Unorega Kusvuta Bhokisi Rekushandisa.
Kunyoresa Mungozi Yenyu Yenhengo yeHungiro seMunhu (kana kuti kunyange Iye zvino) Fodya
Kune avo vaimbove vasvuta, zvinogona kuparadza kuona kuti iwe uchiri pangozi. Chii chaungaita?
Nhanho yekutanga ndeyokutaura nachiremba wako nezve CT kuongorora. Iwe unosangana nemirairo yechiratidzo ichi here, kana pane zvimwe zvikonzero zvaunofanira kuongororwa? Kana makondombera emapapu anowanika pazera rekutanga anonyanya kurapwa kupfuura aya anowanikwa pamatanho ekupedzisira.
Mukuwedzera, funga nezvezvipingamupinyi zvinokonzerwa nekenza yemapapu . Iwe haugoni kudzokera shure uye kurega kusvuta pazera duku, asi pane zvinhu zvaunogona kuita. Somuenzaniso, sezvo radon inowanikwa mumusha ndiyo yechipiri inokonzera chikonzero chemukenza wemapapu, iva nechokwadi chekutarisa dhiononi mumusha mako.
Uye ramba uchiyeuka kuti kuderedza dambudziko rako hazvirevi kureva kutevera rurefu rwezvinhu zvekudzivisa. Kuderedza dambudziko rako kunogona kufara. Ita sezviri nyore sekurima kaviri pavhiki zvakawanikwa kuisa pangozi uye kuwedzera zvimwe zvezvokudya zvepamusoro zvekuderedza kenza yemapapu emapapu kuti kudya kwako kunogona kuva kunonaka.
Shoko Rinobva
Sezvakataurwa pamusoro apa, zvakajeka kuti kusvuta kunokonzera kenza yemapapu uye kuti kunyange vekare vakwema vari pangozi. Asi hazvina kunonoka kurega kusvuta kana kuvandudza mararamiro ako mune dzimwe nzira. Ichokwadi, vanhu vazhinji vakatsausa tsika iyi vanoona kuti havasi kunzwa chete zviri nani, asi vanonzwa vachida kuvandudza hutano hwavo mune dzimwe nzira zvakare.
Semashoko ekupedzisira, kana iwe uchiziva munhu ane kenza yemapapu, kuderedza kushorwa kwechirwere kunogona kutanga nomumwe nomumwe wedu. Hazvina mhosva kana mumwe munhu aputa kana kwete. Vanhu vane chirwere chemapapu vanoda rubatsiro rwedu rwakazvitsaurira. Kurapa kwechirwere ichi kuri nani uye hupenyu huri kutarisira huri nani. Kana tikanyanya kubvisa kunyadzisa, mberi kwedu tinogona kuenda mukuchinja maonero kune ani zvake anenge aine kunzwa mazwi iwayo anonyaradza mwoyo: "Iwe une kenza yemapapu."
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