Tinonzwa zvakawanda nezvekenza, asi chii chaizvoizvo masero emukenza uye akasiyana sei nemasero akajairika mumuviri wedu?
Kenza yesero iseri yakagadzirisa rudzi rwekusingaperi. Kusiyana nemasero akajairika anoramba achikura pane imwe nzvimbo, kenza dzemasero dzinoramba dzichiparadzanisa kunze kwekutonga. Uye kusiyana nemasero anowanzosara munharaunda yavakatanga, kenza dzemasere dzine simba rokurwisa zviviri zvese zviri pedyo uye kupararira kune nzvimbo dziri kure dzomuviri.
Pasi apa, kusiyana kwakasiyana pakati pemasero ekenza uye masero anowanzozokurukurwa.
Aina
Kune mhando dzakawanda dzekenza masero sezvo kune marudzi ekenza . Pamakumi zana nemarudzi emhando yekenza, umwe neumwe anonzi rudzi rwekenza masero maakatanga. Uye sezvinongoita zvirwere zvinogona kuita zvakasiyana kubva kune mumwe, haasi ose masero emukenza anoita zvakafanana.
Vanotanga Sei?
Masero eC Cancer anowanzoumbwa mushure mokutenderera kwezvinhu zvinokonzera kuti vawedzere kudarika. Izvozvo zvinogadziriswa zvinotora nhaka kana kuti kakawanda, zvichikonzerwa necarcinogens (zvinokonzera kenza) munzvimbo yedu. Iyo kenza inokonzerwa nehumwe chete asi humwe hutsika huripo hunojekesa kuti nei kenza yakawanda kune vanhu vakwegura uye nei ichi kazhinji inogadziriswa (zvinoreva kuti pane zvinhu zvakawanda zvinobatana pamwechete kuti zvikonzere kenza). Inobatsirawo kutsanangura chikonzero chekuberekwa kwekenza kune kenza. Chimiro chekuberekwa hachireve kuti uchawana kenza, asi, zvisinganzwisisiki, kana mashanduko mashomanana atove aripo, zvingangodaro kutora kuchinja kwemaitiro kwechiini kuti ave kenza.
Iyo nzira yemasero anowanzova kenza kanowanzoenda mumatanho umo sero rinowedzera zvishoma nezvisingaoneki. Iyi nhanho inogona kusanganisira hyperplasia, dysplasia, uye pakupedzisira kenza. Iwe unogona zvakare kunzwa izvi zvinorondedzerwa semusiyano. Pakutanga pane sero kunogona kutarisa kufanana nemasero akajairika eyo nhengo kana mhuka, asi apo kufambira mberi kunoitika, sero rinowedzera kusasvibiswa.
Izvi, chaizvoizvo, sei dzimwe nguva chinyorwa chekutanga chekenza hachigoni kutsanangurwa.
Chii chinoita kuti zviparadzanise nekukura
Kenza yesero inogona kuva nezviuru zvekuchinja, asi chiverengero chimwe chete chezvizvarwa zvekenza zvinokonzera kenza kugovana nekukura. Kuchinja-chinja kunokonzera kukura kwemasero emukenza kunonzi "kushanduka kwekutyaira," asi zvimwe zviitiko zvinoonekwa se "mutambi wekutenderera." Izwi rokuti "oncogenes" rinoreva majini anokonzera kukura kwekenza, uye anopa kenza kusingafi. Tumor suppressor genes , zvakasiyana, majini ari mukati memusero inotaura kuti masero anonoke uye orega kukura, kugadzirisa DNA yakaora, kana kutiudza masero paanofa. Kazhinji masero emukenza akachinja-siyana mukati maviri oncogenes uye chirwere chinopesana nemasikirwo anoita kuti vaite maitiro avo.
Masekero eKenza anowirirana neMaseke Anowanikwa
Kune zvakawanda zvakakosha kusiyana pakati pekenza masero uye masero masero. Zvimwe zvezvi zvinosanganisira:
- Kukura : Masero anowanzosimba sechikamu chekukura uye kubudirira sepanguva yehucheche, kana kugadzirisa zvigunwe zvakakuvadzwa. Masero emukenza anoenderera mberi kukura (kubereka) kunyange kana mamwe masero asingadiwi. Masero eC Cancer anokundikana kuteerera manzwiro anovaudza kuti varege kukura kana kuzvipira kuzviuraya (apoptosis) apo masero anokwegura kana kukuvara.
- Simba rekupwanya mavara emunharaunda : Masero anowirirana anopindura kune zviratidzo kubva kune mamwe masero anovaudza kuti vasvika kumuganhu. Makero emukenza haagamuchiri pane zviratidzo izvi uye anowedzera mumasukisi anenge aripo kakawanda ane zvigunwe zvemunwe. Ichi ndicho chimwe chikonzero nei zvakaoma pane dzimwe nguva kuporesa kubvisa chirwere chekenza. Izwi rokuti kenza, muzvokwadi, rinobva kune rechiGiriki izwi carcinos pamusoro peganda, achitaura nezvezvikwata zvakadai semagetsi muzvivakidzani zvakapoteredza.
- Ukana wekupararira (metastasize) kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzomuviri : Masero anowanzoita zvinhu zvinonzi mikoko yakakonzera inoita kuti vakanamire kumasero ari pedyo. Makero eCcercer, asingachagoni kunyanya kunokonzerwa nemakemikoro aya, anogona kusunungura uye kutenderera kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzomuviri. Vanogona kuenda kune zvisikwa zviri pedyo, kana kuburikidza neropa uye lymphatic system kuenda kumativi omutumbi kure kure nekenza yekenza yekare-somuenzaniso, kenza yemapapu inogona kufamba ( metastasize ) kune lymph nodes, uropi, chiropa, kana mapfupa .
- Kusaparara : Masero akajairika, sevanhu, ane mararamiro. Pavanosvika pane imwe nguva, vanofa. Kanzera dzemasero, zvakasiyana, dzakagadzira nzira ye "kuzvidza" rufu. Pamugumo wemakromosomes edu pane chiziviso chinonzi telomere . Nguva dzose apo sero rinoparadzanisa, tereomere yaro inopfupika. Apo tereomere dzinopera zvishoma, masero anofa. Kanzerini masero akafunga nzira yekudzorera tereomere yavo kuitira kuti vasapfuuri kupfupisa sezvo sero rinoparadzanisa, saizvozvo, nenzira, zvichiita kuti vasapere.
Kukwanisa kukwira uye kusangana nematambudziko kunokosha zvikuru mukuparadzanisa kenza yesero kubva pane imwe sero yakagwinya ine utano, asi kune zvimwe zvakawanda zvakasiyana zvakasiyana.
Sei Mutumbi Usingazivi Majekiseni eKenza Sevasina Kunaka Uye Anovaparadza?
Mubvunzo wakanaka ndewokuti, "Sei miviri yedu isingazivi uye ichibvisa masero emukenza sezvavanoda, anoti mabhakitiriya kana utachiona?" Mhinduro ndeyokuti akawanda masero emukenza anonyatsoonekwa uye anobviswa nemaitiro ezvirwere zvedu. Masero muzvirwere zvedu zvemusununguko zvinonzi maseru evanhu vepanyika vane basa rekuwana masero akave asina kukwana kuitira kuti anogona kubviswa nemamwe masero muzvirwere zvedu zvemuviri. Masero eC Cancer anoramba ari mupenyu kana nokudzivisa kuonekwa kana kuburikidza nekudzivirira masero ezvirwere mumuviri anouya panzvimbo.
Kukwanisa kwekudzivirirwa kwemasikirwo ekuzivikanwa uye kubvisa masero emukenza kunofungidzirwa kuti ndeyemhosva yezvinhu zvisingazivikanwi asi zvakanyatsoratidzwa zvakaitika zvevamwe kanzira dzinopera pasina kurapwa ( kuregererwa kwechirwere chekenza .) Izvozvi zvinoraramirawo crux ye musha mutsva wekenza mishonga inozivikanwa se immunotherapy .
Kenza Kanzerasi Inoparadzaniswa Sei Nemasero Ekutanga?
Masero ekutanga anotarisa angaita seasina kuenzana uye akafanana nekenza masero asi akapararira kubva kune kenza yekenza nemaitiro avo. Kusiyana nemasero emukenza, masero epamberi haana simba rokupararira (metastasize) kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzomuviri.
Chimwe chinowanzovhiringidza ndechokuti yeCarcinoma-in-situ (CIS.) Carcinoma in situ ine masero eine kuchinja kusina kuwanikwa kunowanikwa mumasero ekenza, asi sezvo vasina kupararira kupfuura nzvimbo yavo yepakutanga (kana kuti, havo, havana kuenda pane chimwe chinhu iyo inonzi chivanze chepasi,) haisi yepamusoro yemukenza. Sezvo CIS inogona kuchinja kuva kenza, inowanzobatwa sechirwere chekare.
Mifungo Yokupedzisira
Chifananidzo chekutsanangura kenza yemasero chave chiri chemotokari. Kukura kwemasero kunogona kufananidzwa semotokari iyo ine accelerator inodzika pasi. Panguva imwecheteyo, mabheki haashande (masero haagamuchirwe nechirwere chisingaiti mapuroteni.)
Tinogona kutora chirevo ichi chiito chinopfuurira. Kuuya kwekenza masero kunogona kuonekwa semotokari inoputika nepagedhi kupinda munharaunda yakagadzirwa. Mamwe masero masero anotarisa kune zviratidzo kubva kumasero akavakidzana anoti "uyu ndiwo muganhu wangu, gara kunze." Masero eC Cancer anopesana nevamwe mune dzimwe nzira. Sezvo ivo "chikwata" pamwe nemamwe masero emukenza, ose ari kuwedzera kukura mumabasa avo nekufamba kwenguva (nemhaka yekuparadzaniswa nokukurumidza), vanopararira uye vanopinda mune dzimwe nzvimbo pamwe chete.
Asi sezvo hupombwe husina kupfurikidza neUnited States, kune mapurisa mazhinji (checkpoints) anochengetedza huwandu hwemasero mumuviri mumutsara.
Icho chiri chaicho chakaoma kwazvo kuti sero rinowanzova kenza yemukenza. Inofanirwa kuva isina kusimba munzira dzinofambisa kukura, kudzivisa kugadzirisa uye kufa, kusava nehanya zviratidzo kubva kune vavakidzani, uye kuwana hupenyu hwusingafi. Ichi ndicho chikonzero chirwere hachina kukonzerwa nekushanduka-shanduka kumwechete, asi panzvimbo yezvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zvekuchinja. Asi tichifunga kuti masero emabhiriyoni mumitumbi yedu akaparadzanisa zuva rega rega, chimwe chinhu chinofanira kutadza uye kushanduka kunoitika kamwe kamwe munguva. Uye ivo vanoita, nokuda kwevanhu vanofungidzirwa mamiriyoni 1.6 muUnited States gore negore.
> Sources:
> Kasper, Dennis L .., Anthony S. Fauci, naStefano L .. Hauser. Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine. New York: Mc Graw Hill yembudzi, 2015. Print.
> Min, J., Wright, W., uye J. Shay. Kuwedzera Kunyoresa kweTelomeres Kupindirana neMitotic DNA Synthesis Inobatanidza Kurambana-Kunobatsira Kudzokorora Maitiro. Molecular and Cellular Biology . 2017 July 31. (Epub mberi kwekudhinda).
> National Cancer Institute. SEER Kudzidzisa Module. Cell Biology yeCancer.
> National Cancer Institute. Chii chinonzi Cancer? Yapindurwa 02/09/15.