Zvinogona kutora makore akawanda pakati pekutsvaga uye kuwedzerwa kwekenza. Iwe ungangodaro wakanzwa pamusoro pevanhu vari kutarisana neesbestostos uye kukura mesothelioma makore mazhinji gare gare. Nhau yacho yakafanana kana inosvika pakusvuta fodya nekenza yemapapu. Izvi zvinorevei kuti pane nguva yakapfuura yakadanwa nguva yekushandiswa pakati pekutsvaga kune chirwere chinokonzera kenza uye zviratidzo zvekutanga zvekenza.
Chikonzero nei nguva yekuzorora yakakosha uye inoita sei kugadzirisa zvinokonzera kenza zvakaoma? Izvo zvinorevei kune vanhu vakambosangana nemishonga inotyisa, yakadai sevashandi vanobatanidzwa pakununura nekudzikinura mushure mekutambudzika kweWorld Trade Center?
Nguva yekupedzisira yeKuchengetedzwa kweCancer: A Definition
Nguva yekushandiswa kwekenza inotsanangurwa sehuwandu hwenguva inopera pakati pekutanga kuratidza kenzajeni (inokonzera kenza) uye kuongororwa kwekenza. Semuenzaniso, iwe zvichida unoziva kusvuta fodya semugove wekenza yemapapu . Nguva yeLatency, munyaya iyi, inogona kurondedzerwa sehurefu hwenguva pakati pekutanga kusvuta, uye kuwedzerwa kwekupedzisira uye kuongororwa kwekenza yemapapu.
Nguva yeListency inogona kusiyanisa zvakasiyana-siyana zvichienderana nechinokonzerwa nekenza-chinokonzera ichi kuongororwa uye kenza chaiyo kana kanzura inokonzera.
Nguva yacho inogona kunge iri pfupi, yakadai sekusvibiswa kwezvinhu zvinokonzerwa ne radioactive muHiroshima neNagasaki uye kukura kwehutachiona, kana kuti ingangodaro yakareba, yakadai sekuenzanisa nguva pakati pekutarisana neesbestostos uye nekupedzisira kukura kwemasothelioma . Kanzira inogona kunge iine chokuita nekanguva kadiki yepamusoro yehuwandu hwekutsvaga kana kuti kwenguva refu yehuwandu hwehuwandu hwekutsvaga.
Chii Chinonzi Carcinogen?
Zvinobatsira kana uchitaura nezvemazuva ekufambisa kusvika pakutanga uongorore tsanangudzo yemakemikari . Carcinogens zvinhu mumamiriro edu ezvinhu izvo zvinofungidzirwa kuti zvinokonzera njodzi yekuva nekenza.
Izvi zvinogona kusanganisira mahara, makemikari, ultraviolet chiedza, uye kunyange zvirwere zvinokonzera kenza . Mienzaniso yaunogona kuziva nayo inosanganisira asbestos, radon , utsi hwefodya, uye arsenic.
Carcinogenicity haisi iyo chaiyo yesayenzi-hatizivi kunyatsove pachena kunokonzera kenza. I International Association for Research pamusoro peCarcer inoparadzanisa marinogenho zvichienderana nehuwandu hwavanokonzera kenza. Zvikamu zvinosanganisira:
- Boka 1 - Carcinogenic kuvanhu
- Boka 2A - Zvichida carcinogenic kuvanhu
- Girasi 2B - Zvichida checgenogenic kuvanhu
- Girasi 3 - Isingazivikanwi nezvekuchengetedza kanyama mukati mevanhu
- Boka rechina - Zvichida kwete carcinogenic kuvanhu.
Zvakakoshawo kuti aratidze kuti kenza kazhinji kacho "chirwere chinokonzerwa ne" multitifactorial "chinowanzovapo nekuda kwekuwedzerwa kwekuchinja kwemasero mumasero, kwete semugumisiro wekushanduka kumwechete (kune zvimwe zvisiri izvo, kunyanya nekenza dzine chokuita neropa ). Mune mamwe mazwi, kazhinji kacho zvinhu zvakawanda zvinoshanda pamwechete kuti zvibereke kana kudzivirira kenza.
Izvozvo zvakati, kunyange apo rimwe remasero edu rinokura kuchinja, mazhinji emasero aya haafaniri kuenderera mberi kuva zvirwere zvekenza. Mune maitiro ezvirwere zvemasimba anokonzerwa nemasero anobvisa masero asina kukanganisa uye akaora, asi kenza yemukomana yakasiyana .
Muenzaniso wekugadzirisa maitiro emukenza kunogona kuva vakadzi vanoputa uye vane BRCA2 mutenhe mutenhe. BRCA2 ibhu rinodzvinyirira gene . Iwe unogona kunge uchiziva nezve "chirwere chepachifu chebonde" nekuda kwekusimudzirwa kwakaitwa na Angelina Jolie. Chisinganyatsozivikanwi ndechokuti vakadzi vanotakura mutsauko we BRCA2 vanowedzera mukana wekuva nekenza yemapapu kana ivo vanosvuta zvakare.
Mune zvimwe zviitiko, kuiswa kune makemikari kunogona kuva kudarika kuwedzera. Somuenzaniso, njodzi yemukenza wemapapu uye mesothelioma kune vanhu vose vari vaviri vanopfurwa neAsbestos uye utsi hwakakura kudarika kana iwe ukangowedzera njodzi idzi pamwechete.
Kukosha kweLatency Period
Kune zvikonzero zvizhinji nei zvichikosha kuti uzive nguva yekufamba kwenguva nekenza. Muenzaniso wakafanana unoratidzwa muhukama huri pakati pekushandisa fodya nemukenza wemapapu. Vanhu vanogona kunzwa vakanaka kwemakore mazhinji-panguva yekufamba kwenguva-isati yava pachena kuti pane kusangana pakati pekusvuta nemhando dzakawanda dzekenza .
Pfungwa ye latency nguva inogona kubatsira kutsanangura chikonzero nei tisati tisina chokwadi nezvenjodzi yekutsvaga kune vanhu vaibatanidzwa mukuchenesa kutsva pashure pe 911.
Imwe muenzaniso wekukosha kwenguva inonzi latency inobva mukukurukurirana pamusoro pekushandiswa kwefoni uye kenza yeuropi. Yakave yakakakavhirwa nevamwe vanhu kuti kana kushandiswa kwefoni kusinganzwisisiki kenza yeuropi tinofanira kunge tiri kuona kuwedzera kukuru kwezviremera izvi. Zvakakosha kuziva, zvisinei, kuti kana fodya inotanga uye ikava yakajairika panguva imwechete iyo kushandiswa kwefoni kusina kubviswa, tichiri kungozvibvunza kana fodya ingakonzera kenza. Zviri pachena kuti kusvuta kunokonzera kenza, asi nekuda kwenguva yekuguma kwemakumi emakore, tingadai tisina kujekesa dambudziko rekufananidzira. Mune mamwe mazwi, jeri rinenge richiri kunze kwezvinetso chaiyo pakati pekushandisa foni uye kenza.
Kunzwisisa nguva ye latency kunobatsira kutsanangura chimwe chezvikonzero nei zvakanyanya kuoma kudzidza chikonzero chekenza. Dai taizotanga kudzidza nhasi tichitarisa chimwe chinhu, hatigoni kuva nezvibereko kwemakumi emakore. Semuenzaniso, makore makumi mana kana makore ekupedzisira ekurogenogen aiva makore makumi mana. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, zvidzidzo zvakawanda (retrospective zvidzidzo) tarisa kumashure munguva. Sezvo izvi zvidzidzo zvisiri kunyatsofungidzirwa mberi kwenguva (sevanenge vachida kudzidza) pane kazhinji mibvunzo yakasara isina kupindurwa.
Zviitiko Zvinogona Kuchinja Nguva Yenguva
Kune mhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzinobata zvose zvingaita kuti kenzajeni ingaguma nekukura kwekenza uye nguva yenguva (latency period) pakati pekutsvaga uye kuongororwa kwekenza. Zvimwe zvezvi zvinosanganisira:
- Muyero kana simba rekutsvaga.
- Nguva yekutsvaga.
- Icho chinhu chaicho (zvimwe kuisa pachena zvinowanzokonzera kenza kupfuura vamwe).
- Chirwere chekenza chinokonzerwa nekutsvaga.
- Zera pahupenyu. Pane dzimwe humwe hupenyu muupenyu, muviri unowanzosvibiswa nemakemikari kupfuura vamwe (Izvi zvinogona kuva nyore kunzwisisa kana zvichienzaniswa nezvimwe zvirwere.Semuenzaniso, utachiona hwe cytomegalovirus hunogona kukonzera kukanganisa kwakanyanya paunenge wataurirwa musati mava nepamuviri, asi mild syndrome nekuneta pane imwe nguva). Nekenza, kusvibiswa nemirairo ine ioni mu utero inowanzoita kuti muve nekenza pane kusununguka mune dzimwe nguva dzoupenyu. Mukuwedzera, zvinhu zvine nguva yakareba yema latency zvinowanzokonzera kenza kana kuonekwa kuchiitika pakutanga kweupenyu nekuda kwekuti vanhu vanogona kurarama kwenguva yakakwana kuti kenza iite.
- Gender. Varume nevakadzi vanogona kusiyanisa mune zvavanokwanisa kuita kuti vasvike. Semuenzaniso, inofungidzirwa nevamwe (asi kwete vamwe) kuti vakadzi vanowanzova nekenza yemapapu nemafuta akafanana ekutsvaira fodya. Kumadzimai, isrogen inogonawo kuita basa mukuvandudza kenza yemapapu.
- Kugadziriswa kweGenetic. Muenzaniso wakajeka wehutachiona hwehutano mukukura kwekenza unoonekwa kune vanhu vane Down syndrome, avo vane mikana yakawanda yekukura kweukemukari. Kune mizhinji mienzaniso mizhinji. Zvechokwadi, kunyange iwe ungave uine ruzivo rwechiedza chechivivi sechikonzero chinokonzera mu melanoma, zvino yava kufunga kuti 55 kubva muzana yemaranomas ine genetic.
- Zvimwe zvinokonzerwa nezvinokonzerwa nekenza
- Zvimwe zvirwere zvehutano. Immunosuppression (inofungidzirwa nemaitiro emagadzirirwo emasikirwo asina kukodzera) zvichida nemhaka yehutano, chemotherapy, kana zvimwe zvirwere zvekuzvidzivirira zvemuviri, zvinomutsa mikana yekenzajeni inotungamirira kukura kwekenza.
Sangano reWorld Trade Centre Rinobatsira Vanoponesa uye Vanogadziriswa neCancer
Iwe ungangodaro wakanzwa kuti vanhu vakabatsira mukurwira nekudzorera shure pashure pe 911 vane mukana wakawedzerwa wokuva nekenza. Isu tinoteerera zvino kunzwa vanhu vachibvunza kana avo vanobatanidzwa mukuedza-kuchenesa vane ngozi yakakwirira yemukenza wemapapu. Panguva ino, isu hatizivi chete. Chimwe chikonzero icho chiitiko ichi hachina kujeka ndechokuti nguva ye latency. Kunyange zvirwere zvinokonzerwa neropa zvakadai seyangueloma uye kwete Hodgkin lymphoma inowanzova nenguva shomanana latency, yezviremara zvakasimba sekenza yemapapu zvinowanzova nguva yakareba
Kubva pane zvidzidzo kusvika musi, zvinoratidzika sehuwandu hunokonzerwa nekenza pakati pevanhu ava. Kudzidza chete kwakarongeka kwevane chiuru chemoto uye vashandi vanoponesa vakawana kuti makore manomwe mushure mekutambudzika, pakanga paine 19 muzana mungozi yekenza panzvimbo dzose.
Izvozvo zvinoratidzika kuwedzera kusvika ikozvino zvinosanganisira kenza ye prostate, kenza yekameti, myeloma, uye kwete Hodgkin's lymphoma. Mamwe emakemikari anoonekwa muguruva nemafuta anosanganisira asbestos, silika, benzene, uye polycyclic anonhuhwirira hydrocarbon. Pane kunetseka kuti mukana wekenza yemapapu uchava mukuru mune ramangwana, uye kunzwisisa chirevo chemazuva ekupedzisira chingabatsira kutsanangura kuti sei tisingazivi zvakawanda panguva ino.
Muenzaniso Wekusiyana Mukugumira Nguva Kunyange NeCarcinogen imwechete
Nguva yeLastency inogona kusiyanisa zvakasiyana nemakemikari akasiyana-siyana, asi kunyange nekodogenome imwe chete inogona kuve nekusiyana mumamiriro ose e latency uye rudzi rwekenza rinomuka. Chidzidzo che 2017 chakatarisa makondomu echipiri kuvanhu vane chirwere chinokonzerwa neukemia. Tinoziva kuti chemotherapy-iyo dzimwe nguva inogona kuporesa makondombera aya-inogona kuvawo chirwere chinokonzera dzimwe kenza pasi pasi.
Kuitwa muArgentina, chidzidzo chacho chakatevera vanhu vane acute leukemias kana lymphomas kuti vaone zvose zvinokonzerwa nekenza yepamusoro (kanzira inokonzerwa nehutano hwekenza) uye inowanzo nguva yekufamba pakati pekurapwa kwemavambo eukemia kana kuti lymphoma uye kukura kwekenza yechipiri. Inenge imwechete yezana yevakasara vakagadzira kenza yechipiri. Nguva yeLatency yaive yakafupika kune kechipiri chekenza zvine chokuita neropa kudarika zviremara zvakasimba. Ivhareji yemazuva ekupedzisira yehematologic (ane chokuita neropa) kanzira dzakadai se leukemias uye lymphomas aiva nemwedzi 51 asi dzakasiyana kubva pamwedzi 10 kusvika ku10. Ivhareji yemazuva ekupedzisira kwemakumbo akaoma aiva mwedzi 110, asi panguva ino yegore kubva pamwedzi 25 kusvika ku 236.
Mashandisiro Angashandisa Iyi Concept yeKancer Risk Reduction
Sezvakataurwa pamusoro apa, kune zvinhu zvakawanda zvatinoona kune rimwe zuva uye zuva rimwe nerimwe iro rinogona kukonzera kenza. Izvi hazvirevi kuti kune chirwere chekenza chichienderera mberi, kana kuti makambani ari kusunungura makemikari kuti vawane mari pamakemikrasi emishonga pasi pemutsara. Isu hatina zvigaro, mari yekupinza, kana nguva yekudzidza chirwere chegoni uye zvichiita nguva yekufamba kwenguva yemakemikari ose anoshandiswa mune zvekutengeserana.
Kusvikira chinhu chave chichiongororwa pamusoro penguva yakareba yakareba, isu hatigoni kuziva zvingangove pangozi. Kunyange zvazvo pfungwa iyi inogona kutungamirira vamwe kuti vadzivise zvishandiso zvitsva uye vatungamirire kune zvikomo, zvishoma zvinganzwisisika uye kungwarira zvinogona kunge zvose zvinodiwa kuchengetedza iwe wakachengeteka.
Chengetedza ganda rako nemapapu. Kana chigadzirwa chinokurudzira kupfeka magirafu (mune zvakadhindwa zvakanaka) pfeka magasi. Tinoziva kuti mishonga yakawanda inogona kupinza kuburikidza neganda redu. Kana chigadzirwa chinokurudzira kushandisa mhepo yakanaka, mahwindo akazaruka kana kutendeuka fan fan. Tora nguva yekuverenga mashoko ekuchengeteka kwemashoko mapepa emakemikari ose waunoshanda nawo.
Kana uri kunzwa uchinetseka, yeuka zvakare kuti kanzira dzakawanda dzinokonzerwa nekubatanidzwa kwezvinhu, uye iwe une humwe hutungamiri pane zvakawanda zveizvi .
> Sources:
> America Cancer Society. Zinozivikanwa uye Zvichida Munhu Carcinogens. Updated 11/03/16.
> Centres for Disease Control and Prevention. Minimum Latency uye Aina kana Zvikamu zveCancer . Yakarongwa May 1, 2013.
> Felice, M., Rossi, J., Alonso, C. et al. Yechipiri Neoplasms muvana Ichitevera kurapa kweAukemia Yakanyanya uye / kana Lymphoma: Makore makumi maviri eZviitiko mune imwe sangano muArgentina. Zvinyorwa zveMishonga Hematology / Oncology . 2017. 39 (8): e406-e412.
> Li, J., Cone, J., Kahn, A. et al. Kushamwaridzana Pasi Pepanhau reWorld Trade Exposure uye Kuwedzerwa Kungozi Kwekenza. JAMA . 2012. 308 (23): 2479-2488.
> Veham, V., Verma, M., uye S. Mahbir. Pakutanga-hupenyu hunoonekwa kune vanotapurirana uye pakupedzisira kanamusi inovandudzwa. Cancer Medicine . 2015. 4 (12): 1908-22.