Nhamba Pamusoro Pekusvuta uye Mhembwe Kanzira
Tinoziva kuti kusvuta kunokonzera kenza yemapapu, asi zvakare zvakajeka kuti vamwe vanhu vanosvuta upenyu hwavo hwose uye havatombove nekenza yemapapu. Saka, ndeapi muzana yevasvuta vanotova nekenza yemapapu? Ingozi iyi inoderera zvakadini kana iwe ukarega?
Kusvuta uye Chirwere Chirwere
Nhamba dzakawanda dzinotarisa mungozi wekenza yemapapu , kubatanidza vanhu vose vanosvuta nevaya vasina kumboputa.
Kubva paUnited States statistics, ngozi youpenyu hwokuti munhu ave nekenza yemapapu ine 6.4 kubva muzana kana zvishomanana kupfuura imwe kubva kune vanhu gumi nemashanu.
Zviri pachena, nhamba iyi yaizova yakakwirira kune avo vakatsvaira uye vakaderera kune avo vasina. Tine zvidzidzo zvishomanana zvakaputsa nhamba idzi pasi pakati pevasati vasvuta, vekare vaidzima, uye vatsva vemazuva ano, asi yekare yekuEurope yekudzidza yakaita izvi zvakasiyana. Muchidzidzo ichocho, mungozi yekuve nekenza yemapapu yaiva:
- 0,2 muzana yevarume vasina kumboputa; 0.4 muzana yevakadzi
- 5.5 muzana yevarume vaimbova vachema; 2.6 muzana yevakadzi
- 15,9 muzana yevarume vemazuva ano vanosvuta; 9.5 muzana yevakadzi
- 24,4 muzana yevarume "vanoputa zvinorema" vanotsanangurwa sekusvuta fodya kupfuura shanu pazuva; 18.5 muzana yevakadzi
Imwe yepakutanga kuCanada yakabvunzurudza dambudziko rehupenyu hwevarume vanosvuta pa17,2 uye 11.6 muzana kuvakadzi nevanenge 1.3 chete muzana mune varume vasina kusvuta uye 1.4 muzana mune vakadzi vasina kusvuta .
Kutungamirira Chikonzero cheKana-Kufanirwa Kufa
Kuti ugadzirise kuti sei mubvunzo uyu wakakosha, zvakakosha kuratidza kuti kusvuta ndicho chikonzero chikuru chekufa kwekenza nekuda kwevarume nevakadzi muUnited States. Chimwe chepakati pavana vanofa nekenza chinokonzerwa nekenza yemapapu nemukenza wemapapu inouraya vanhu vakawanda kupfuura kenza yemazamu, kenza yeprostate, uye kenza yekoloni yakabatana.
Kubva aya kanzura, zvinofungidzirwa kuti inenge 80 muzana inogona kunzi yekusvuta. Iko kune makemikari akawanda mumidzanga iyo inozivikanwa kuti inokonzera kenza uye zvimwe zvinonzi zvinodhaka kuvanhu. Haisi kenza yemapapu chete, zvakadaro. Iko kune zvirwere zvakawanda zvinokonzerwa nokusvuta .
Uye haisi kungovhima iyo iyo dambudziko, inofungidzirwa kuti vanenge 7300 vanhu vanofa nekenza yemapapu gore rimwe nerimwe rinokonzerwa neutsi hwechipiri.
Kanhu Inokonzera Ngozi Inopinda Muvanhu Vanosvuta
Zvinoratidzika kuti kare muupenyu hwako unotanga kusvuta, inowedzera dambudziko rako rekuva nekenza yemapapu. Ngozi yako inofanirwa nehuwandu hwe " pack-years " wawaita. A pack-year inhamba inotarwa nokuwedzera nhamba yemakore inopfungidzirwa nguva nhamba yemapakiti emidzanga yakasvuta zuva rega rega.
Kurega kusvuta kunoderedza mungozi wekenza yemapapu, asi zvinogona kutora nguva isati yaitika. Kana wakambosvuta kwenguva inopfuura nguva shomanana, njodzi yako haizombofi yakasvika kune yekusamboputa. Asi, kuchiri kukoshesa kuedza kurega. Vatsvakurudzi vanotarisa vanhu veAsia neAustralia vakawana kuti vanhu vanogona kuderedza dambudziko ravo rekuita kenza yemapapu nevanenge makumi manomwe kubva muzana kuburikidza nekurega kusvuta.
Mukufungidzira kumwe, murume ane makore makumi matanhatu nemapfumbamwe ane tsvina mbiri pamasikati kwemakore makumi mashanu (100 pack-makore) aiva nematambudziko gumi nemashanu ekurapa kenza yemapapu mumakore gumi anotevera kana akaenderera mberi kusvuta.
Iyi njodzi inodonha kusvika pa10,8 muzana kana ikasiya kusvuta.
Iwe unogonawo kunge uchishamisika kuti kuderedza asi kusasiya kureva kune ngozi kune ngozi. Mune rumwe ruzivo, zvakawanikwa kuti vanhu vanoputa fodya kupfuura 15 pasi nezuva vaigona kuderedza ngozi yavo kana vakagura nhamba yefodya iyo yaipisa zuva nezuva. Chimwe chidzidzo chakanga chisina kunaka pamusoro pekugadzirisa nzira uye yakaratidza kuti kurega zvachose kwaive kwakakosha kuunza kusiyana kwakakura mumatambudziko.
Chirwere Chirwere Munyika Yevaimbova Fodya
Sezvambotaurwa pamusoro apa, njodzi yekenza yemapapu haifaniri kudzokera kune yakasununguka apo munhu anoramba kusvuta.
Ichokwadi, inenge 80 muzana yevanhu vanova nekenza yemapapu nhasi havasi kusvuta; ivo havana kumboputa kana kuti kazhinji kazhinji varega kusvuta munguva yakapfuura (ndivo vaimbova vachema.)
Kufanotaura Risk
Kunyange zvazvo zvisingabviri kunyatsoziva kuti ndiani acharamba nekenza yemapapu, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center yakagadzira Chirongwa cheKuongorora Chengetedzo yeChitera umo iwe unogona kuverenga njodzi yako yakawanda yekuve nekenza yemapapu mumakore gumi anotevera zvichienderana nezera rako uye sei kwenguva refu iwe wakanga uine kana wakamboputa.
Chigadzirwa chacho chakagadzirirwa vanhu pakati pemakore makumi mashanu nemakumi mashanu avo vanosvuta fodya pakati pe10 ne60 zuva rega rega kwemakore gumi nemashanu nemashanu. Inotangira nekutaurira kunoyeuchidza vanhu kuti chigadziro chinongova chirevo chekufananidzira zvichibva pane zvinyorwa uye hazvirevi kuti mumwe munhu angave kana kuti haazove nekenza yemapapu.
Kuongorora
Kusvikira munguva pfupi yapfuura, pakange pasina kuve nekubudirira kwekuongorora kuongorora kwemukenza wemapapu. Vanhu vaida kuvimba nekuziva kwekutanga zviratidzo zvemukenza wepapupa mune tariro yekuwana chirwere ichi mukutanga uye zvikamu zvinoporesa zvikuru zvechirwere.
Sezvo inenge hafu yevanhu inoratidzwa kuti kana mukana wavo wekenza wemapapu watova mumatanho akapfuura, ruzivo rwezviratidzo chete haruna kukwana. Ndinofara-kune vamwe vanhu--Kuongorora kwekenza yemapapu kwakagamuchirwa uye, kana yakashandiswa maererano nemitemo, inogona kuderedza kufa kwekenza yemapapu ne20 kubva muUnited States.
Vanhu vakakodzera kuongorora vanobatanidza avo vano:
- Ari pakati pemakore 55 ne80
- Iva ne-30 pack-year nhoroondo yekusvuta
- Ramba uchisvuta kana kurega kusvuta mumakore gumi apfuura
- Ari muhutano hwakanaka hwakadai sokuti kuvhiyiwa kunogona kuitwa kana kuwanda kuchiwanikwa
Kune vamwe vanhu vanogona kuda kuongororwa zvakare. Semuenzaniso, avo vakave vachirwisana nezvinhu zvinokonzera kenza munzvimbo yekushanda. Kana iwe uchinzwa iwe unenge uri pangozi, taura nechiremba wako. Kunyange kana iwe ukasvuta, hausi kunonoka kuita zvimwe zvinhu kuderedza dambudziko rako rekuva nekenza yemapapu .
Shoko Rinobva
Kana ukasvuta kana usvuta iwe unganzwa uchiora mwoyo. Inogona kubatsira kutarisa idzi nhamba kubva kune imwe nzira. Pane kunetseka kuti njodzi yako yemukenza yemapapu hainyangari, iwe unogona kungoisa pfungwa pazviri kuti makore gumi mushure mokusiya ngozi yako inenge hafu yezvazviri nhasi.
Hazvina kunonoka kurega. Kunyange kune avo vane kenza, kurega kunogona kuita kusiyana. Iwe unogona kunge uchifarira kuongorora zvikonzero izvi zvekurega kusvuta mushure mekutsvaga kwekenza .
Mukuwedzera pakurega tsika, kune dzimwe nzira dzaunogona kuderedza mikana yako yekufa nekenza. Kudya utano hwakanaka, kuva nemararamiro anoshanda, nekuwana kuongororwa kana iwe uchikodzera vose vanogona kubatsira.
Dzidza zvakawanda pamusoro pekushaya fodya uye mapapu emapapu kubva munhoroondo yechirwere, nzira dzakasiyana dzokuti kusvuta kunogona kutungamirira kumukenza wemapapu, nezvimwewo.
> Sources:
> Centres for Disease Control and Prevention. Migumisiro yehutano yekusvuta. Updated 05/15/17. https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/fact_sheets/health_effects/effects_cig_smoking/
> Centres for Disease Control and Prevention. Kusvuta uye Kanera. Updated 01/23/17. https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/campaign/tips/diseases/cancer.html
> National Cancer Institute. Surveillance Epidemiology End Results. SEER Stat Fact Sheets: Lung uye Bronchus. 2017.