Kana iwe wakanzwa izwi rokuti pack-makore, somuenzaniso, pakusarudza kana iwe usati watarisana nemirairo yekenza yemapapu ekuongorora (ona pasi apa), ungangodaro unetseka kuti izvi zvinorevei. Ngatitarisei tsanangudzo, uye nei, zvakare, izwi iri rakakosha zvikuru.
Tsanangudzo
Izwi rokuti "pack-years" inenge chiyero chehuwandu hwehuwandu hwevanhu. Sezvo mutsa wemapapu wakabatana zvakananga nenhamba yefodya yakasvuta, kushandisa makore-gore rinogona kubatsira vanachiremba kuziva kuti ndeupi vanhu vane ngozi huru yekuve nekenza yemapapu .
Haisi kenza yemapapu, asi, uye nhamba yemakore-munhu anenge aputa inobatsira pakuongorora njodzi yezvirwere zvepfungwa, mamwe zvirwere zvemapapu, uye njodzi dzinobatana nedzimwe zvirwere nekenza zvinokonzerwa nokusvuta.
Rimwe gore-gore rekuputa raizoreva kuti mumwe munhu ainge aputa imwe fodya (20 cigarettes) zuva rimwe chete kwegore rimwe.
Kushandisa-pack-makore kunobatsira vanachiremba kwete kungoverenga ngozi inowanikwa yemukenza wemapapu asi njodzi yeimwe mimwe mitemo inobatanidza nekuputa. Nhamba yepakiti yemakore inobatsira zvikuru sechiyero chechinangwa chechiwandisi chemidzanga chinopfungidzirwa pachitarisa zvidzidzo zvekusvuta uye zvirwere.
Nhamba yepake-makore inoputa uye njodzi yezvirwere inogona kuva nezvimwe zvisingakwanisi. Semuenzaniso, mamwe maongororo anoratidza kuti vakadzi vanowanzosangana nemakemikari mumidzanga nokuti vakadzi vanoita sevari kukura kenza yemapapu mushure memakore mashoma emakore ekutsva kupfuura varume.
Kuverenga Pack-Makore
Ngatitarise mimwe mienzaniso kuitira kuti iwe uverenge nhamba yemakore-pack iwe wausvuta.
Kana N inomiririra nhamba yemapakiti emidzanga yakasvuta zuva nezuva, uye T inomiririra nhamba yemakore yekuputa, saka PY yakaenzana nemakore-makore-aputa. Iko equation inoratidzika seyiyi:
N x T = PY
Zvino ngatiitei zvishoma:
Jill akasvuta 1 pack yemidzanga zuva nezuva kwemakore makumi maviri. Ane makore makumi maviri-gore nhoroondo yekusvuta. Kuwedzera N (1 pack) nguva 20 (makore anosvuta) zvakaenzana nemakore makumi maviri emakore.
Frank akaputa 2 mapegi emidzanga zuva nezuva kwemakore makumi matatu. Kuwedzera N (2 mapeji) naN (makore makumi matatu,) Frank ane 60 pack-year smoking smoking history
Eleanor akachera 10 fodya (1/2 pack) pazuva nokuda kwemakore makumi matatu. Kuwedzera N (0.5 pakapiro pazuva) naT (makore makumi matatu,) Eleanor ane makore gumi nemakore emakore ekutamba kusvuta.
Mungozi yeCangress Risk
Pakati pese, iyo yakawanda yemakore-yawakasvuta, inowedzera mukana wokuwana kenza. Apo nhamba yepakati-makore yakaiswa pairafu, pane inenge iine ukama huri pakati pe pack-makore nekenza. Nhamba yepake-makore inoti zvakawanda nezvehutano hwako kupfuura urefu hwehuwandu hwaunosvuta.
Izvozvo zvakati, ukama pakati pemakore-emakore ekuputa nemapapu emapapu inowanikwa, uye munhu mumwe nomumwe haafaniri "kutevera mitemo." Kanza yemaperembudzi inowanikwa nevasati vasvuta uye muroti, musha wemapapu muvanhu vasingamboputi ndewechinomwe chinokonzera kufa kwekenza muUnited States. Kune rumwe rutivi, vazhinji vedu tinoziva nezveumwe munhu aimbogara achineta fodya uye asina kumbove nekenza yemapapu
Pikisi-Makore, Vaimbova Mubhemi, uye Mungozi yeAnguruve
Kushandisa kuverenga kwepake-makore kwakakosha kune avo vakamboputa asi zvino varega. Kusiyana nechirwere chemwoyo, mungozi wekenza yemapapu inoramba ichireba kwenguva refu mushure mekunge munhu apedza kusvuta uye haadzokezve kune zvakajairika.
Avo vanosvuta vanoenderera mberi vari pangozi yemukenza wemapapu kunyange makumi emakore mushure mekusiya. Mune mamwe mazwi, kana iwe une makore makumi mana emakore-nhoroondo yekusvuta, asi rega makore gumi apfuura, iwe uchiri pangozi. Iwe unogona kuve wakakodzera kumukenza wemapapu kuongorora uye unofanira kuve nechokwadi kuti unoziva zviratidzo zvekutanga zvekenza yemapapu .
Iyi ngozi inoramba iri nyore zviri nyore kunzwisisa kana iwe uchitarisa nhamba yevanhu vanoona kuti nhasi vari kusvuta.
Inenge 80 kubva muzana yevanhu vatsva vaongororwa kuti havasi kusvuta, zvinoreva kuti havana kumbobvuta, kana kuti vakasiya kare. Kubvira pakapoteredza 10 kusvika ku20 muzana yemapapu emapapu anoitika kune vanhu vasina kumboputa, nhamba huru yevanhu vanorwara nekenza yemapapu nhasi ndivo vaimbova vachema.
Kurega kusvuta kunoderedza ngozi yako yekenza yemapapu, asi kuderedzwa kwengozi kunodonha zvishoma nezvishoma kupfuura kuderedza chirwere chemwoyo.
Dambudziko reMwoyo Mungozi
Nhamba yepake-makore mumwe munhu aputa yakabatana kwete chete nekenza yemapapu asi nehosha yemwoyo pamwe chete. Kutaura zvazviri, chirwere chemwoyo chinokonzera huwandu hwekufa kune vanhu vanobvuta, uye utsi hwechipiri hunogona kutungamirira kune chirwere chemwoyo kupfuura kenza yemapapu.
Zvimwe Zvirwere
Kana ukasvuta munguva yakapfuura, unogona kunge uine ruzivo pakudzidza nezvemazana evanhu vanokonzera kusvuta pamwe chete nedzimwe mamiriro ezvehutano izvo zvinobatanidzwa nekusvuta .
Lung Cancer Screening
Munguva pfupi yapfuura, vanachiremba vakadzidza nhamba yepake-makore ekusvuta kusarudza kuti ndiani anofanira kuongororwa nekenza yemapapu . Zvidzidzo zvinoratidza kuti vanhu vane makore makumi matatu emakore emakore ekutsvaga kusvuta, vari pakati pemakore makumi mashanu nemakumi mashanu, uye vanoramba vachiputa kana kuti vakasiya mumakore gumi apfuura, vanofanirwa kuongorora kanhi yeCCT yemapapu. Zvidzidzo zvinoshandisa izvi zvinowanikwa kuti kushaya kwehuwandu hwemapapu emapapu kunogona kuderedzwa ne20 muzana yevanhu vanosangana nemitemo iyi inotariswa.
Disease Calculator
Mafomu ari kuwanikwa iye zvino mumakore emakore-anoshandiswa kuenzanisa dambudziko rekuvandudza mamiriro akadai semukenza wemapapu neCOPD. Pahuwandu hwevanhu, izvi zvinokonzera zvingatipa ruzivo rwakanaka pamusoro pengozi, asi pane zvikanganiso zvakasiyana kana tichitarisa kukosha kwevanhu mumwe nomumwe. Kune mungozi yakawanda yekenza yemapapu,) kana kuti nemukenza wemapapu,) iyo isingatariswi mune izvi kuverenga, uye ngozi yeumwe munhu inogona kuva yakawanda kana yakawanda kudarika iyo ingagara ichishandiswa kushandisa ichi chiyero chete.
Zvikanganiso
Kunyange zvazvo nhamba yepakati-makore munhu aputa inoshandiswa pakugadzirisa njodzi, hazvina maturo. Pane imwe gakava kuti nguva yekusvuta inogona kuva chinhu chinokosha chekufunga, kunyanya pakugadzirisa kenza yemukenza yemapapu. Nguva yekutanga kusvuta inogona kuita basa rinokosha zvakare, somuenzaniso, vanhu vaviri vane ngozi yakaenzana yakatarwa inobva pamakore-emakore, uyo akatanga kusvuta pazera rekare angave ari pangozi huru.
Shoko Rinobva
Sezvo uri kutsvaga tsanangudzo yemakore-makore, iwe unganzwa uchinetseka nezvehupfumi hwako (kana hwemhuri yako kana shamwari yako) Tiri pano kuti tikuudzei kuti kunyange kana mukasvuta munguva yakapfuura kune zvimwe zvinhu unogona kuita kuti uvandudze utano hwako. Kana iwe ukasvuta munguva yakapfuura, iva nechokwadi chekuongororazve zvinotarisirwa nekenza yemapapu ekuongorora. Kana iwe utsi, hazvina kumbopera kurega kusiya. Uye kune nguva dzose zvinhu zvaunogona kuita kuderedza mutsa wako wekenza yemapapu. Kuti uwane mazano ekuderedza dambudziko rako, unogona kudya zvidye zvinotapira zvinogona kuderedza ngozi yemukenza yemapapu zvichienderana nekutsvakurudza kwakasimba kwesayenzi.
> Sources:
> Blackmon, S., uye S. Feinglass. IUnited States Preventive Services Task Force anokurudzira kuongorora mutsara wemapapu. Tichiracic Surgery Makliniki . 2015. 25 (2): 199-203.
> Fucito, L., Czabafy, S., Hendricks, P. et al. Kurapa-kupera kwebasa nemukenza wepamu memapfupa: Chirongwa chechipatoriki kubva kune Association for the Treatment of Tobacco Use and Dependence uye Society for Research pamusoro peNicotine neTodya. Cancer . 2016. 122 (8): 1150-9.
> Guaraldi, G. et al. Makuhwa uye Mwoyo Yezvirwere Zviri nani Kufanotaurwa nePakiti-Makore kudarika Nokusvuta Mamiriro kana Nguva Yakareka Kusvuta Kupedza HIV. PLoS One . 2015. 10 (12): e0143700.
> Peto, J. Kuti migumisiro yekusvuta inofanira kuyerwa mumakore-emakore: maonero asina kururama 4. British Journal of Cancer . 2012. 107 (3): 406-407.