Kumhanyira Kunyaradza Genes - Basa, Kuipa, uye Basa muCancer
Ndezvipi zvinodhaka zvinodzvinyirira mazamu? Izvo izvi zvakasiyana sei pane oncogenes, uye vanoita basa ripi mukugadzirwa kwekenza uye kenza inoberekwa?
Tsanangudzo: Dambudziko reKubvisa Zvirwere
Tumor suppressor jenesi mazamu anokonzera kukura kwemasero. Apo mazamu aya ari kushanda zvakanaka, anogona kudzivisa uye kudzivisa kukura kwemakumbo.
Kana chirwere chinodzvinyirira majene chichinjwa kana chisina kushandiswa (nekuda kwekuchinja), vanorasikirwa nekwanisi yekuita puroteni inodzora sero kukura.
Maseji anogona kubva akura asingadzorwi uye achikura kuva kenza.
Mhando dzeTumor Suppressor Genes
Kune 3 mhando mikuru yemararamiro anokonzera majini.
- Mhando imwe inoudza masero kuti anonoke uye orega kugovana.
- Imwe mhando inobatsira kugadzirisa zvinokanganisa muDNA iyo inogona kuitika kana masero akaparadzanisa (DNA kugadzirisa majini.)
- Rudzi rwechitatu runokonzera kuudza masero kana kufa, chirongwa chinonzi apoptosis kana programmed cell death.
Kufananidza Kutyaira - Kutamba Zvokudya Zvirwere ndezvi Brakes
Nezvenhau dzose nezvekudzivirira muviri , uye kunzwa zvidimbu uye zvidimbu pamusoro pe "uye kuvhara" kushandura "kenza, inogona kubatsira,, nyore nyore, funga nezvemasero semotokari. Munhengo imwe neimwe, kune accelerator uye mabheki. Mumotokari yakashata, vose vari kushanda zvakanaka. Mitambo yakawanda inoita kuti igare yakanyatsokwana kuitira kuti motokari idzi dzifambe pamwe chete nguva dzose, asi hazviparadzi.
Kanzera inotanga nehuwandu hwekuchinja. Dzimwe shanduko haisi hurukuro-tinovataurira sevanenge vachinja mutambi.
Dambudziko rekukanganisa ndevaya vanosanganisira mutyairi. Mutyairi anogona kusarudza kuenda nekukurumidza kana kunonoka. Iwe unogona kunzwa pamusoro peizvi se "kuchinja kwekutyaira" kwete nokuti vanotyaira motokari, asi nokuti vanotungamirira kukura kwekenza masero.
Kanzera inogona kuwirirana nezvinetso zvinowanzoitwa accelerator kana mabheki, asi kazhinji, kukuvadza kwemajini kunodzora zvose izvi zvinodiwa kukonzera kenza.
Izvo kuti kenza kazhinji inoda kuchinja kwakasiyana-siyana kune imwe yezvikonzero nei kenza yakawanda kune vanhu vakwegura.
Oncogenes,, mukufananidza, mazamu anodzora accelerator. Izwi rokuti oncogenes rinoreva chaizvoizvo "kenza yemaronda."
Tumor suppressor jen , zvakasiyana ne oncogenes, ndiyo mabheki. Tumor suppressor jenisi inoita segwaro. Vanyoresa mapuroteni ayo anobva aine basa rekubuda kunze nekurova mabheki.
Kazhinji yenguva yekero kuve nekenza, zvinoda kuchinja kwemaviri oncogenes uye maronda ekudzivirira majini. Mune mamwe mazwi, iyo accelerator inofanira kunamatira pasi uye mabheki anofanira kushanda zvakanaka.
Oncogenes vs Tumor Suppressor Genes
Kune zvidimbu zvakasiyana-siyana zvinokosha pakati peoncogenes uye chirwere chinopesana nemakemikari mukenza. Pakati pese, oncogenes inotungamirira . Mumitumbi yedu, tine zvikamu zviviri zvemachromosomes edu uye mapoka maviri ejeni - rimwe kubva kune umwe neumwe wevabereki vedu. Kazhinji kana imwe geni isiri kushanda zvakanaka, imwe inogona kubhadhara. Iwe unogona kunge wakanzwa nezvenhaka. Kana wakanzwa nezvenhaka yemavara eziso, musiyano pakati peao oncogenes uye chirwere chinopesana nemagenhi zviri nyore kunzwisisa. Oncogenes inowanzova yakanyanya-yakadai seyemavara.
Kana imwe yemakemikari ingaita kuti accelerator iome zvakanyanya, inogona kuunza kenza. Tumor suppressor jenhe, zvakasiyana, zvinowanzova zvekare . Izvozvi, sokuda kwaunoda mazamu maviri eemavara ebhuruu kuti uve necheputi yebhuruu, vaviri vanodzvinyirira majeni vanofanira kusanganisa zvose kuitira kuti vawane kenza.
Kumhanyira Kunyaradza Zvirwere uye Kugarwa Nhaka - "2 Hit Hypothesis"
Kunzwisisa kukanganisa kwakanyanya kwechiremera chinodzvinyirira majene kunogona kubatsira pakunzwisisa zvirwere zvinokonzerwa nechirwere.
Muenzaniso ndiwo mutsara unodzvinyirira maitiro e BRCA1 / BRCA2 - zvichida anozivikanwa se "mazamu emukenza wepamu." Vanhu vane mararamiro mune rimwe remajeni aya vane kowanda yakawanda yekuve nekenza yebonde (pakati pevamwe.) Asi havasi vose vane geni rinowedzera kenza yemazamu.
Apo chikamu chechipiri chisina kuchinja chinoshanduka, kuchinjwa kunowanikwa, kunoreva kushanduka kwemweya kunowanikwa mushure mokuberekwa, kenza ingaguma.
Izvo zvakasikwa zvakasikwa ndizvo zvinotaurwa kwauri kana iwe uchinzwa nezve "2 hit hypothesis" yekenza. Mimwe mishonga inotanga (kunyanya pamusana pekudzivirira zvinopisa pamuviri, asi ramba uchifunga mupfungwa dzako kuti panewo inowanzoshandiswa nehutachigene mutation zvakare) mushure mokunge 2 mutations mumutumbo wezvinopisa geni. Kutanga kwekutanga kunogona kuvapo kubva pakuberekwa, inozivikanwa se "germ mutation." Chechipiri, "somatic mutation" inowanikwa uye inopindirana nechimwe chinhu mumamiriro ezvinhu mushure mokuberekwa.
Nhoroondo
Tumor suppressor jenisi yakatanga kuonekwa pakati pevana vane retinoblastoma. Mune retinoblastoma, zvakasiyana, chironda chinodzvinyirira chirwere chinotora nhaka chakakosha-uye zvinobvumira makondombera kukura muvana vaduku.
Kumhanyira Kunyaradza Zvirwere
Iko ikozvino kwave kune huwandu hwemakumbo anokonzera gome akaonekwa. Zvimwe zvezvi zvinosanganisira:
- RB - Anodzvinyirira jena anotarisira retinoblastoma
- p53 geni - I p53 gene inowanikwa yeproteinini p53. iyo inogadzirisa kugadzirisa muviri mumasero. Kuchinja-chinja mune iri jeni kunosanganiswa mumapfumbamwe makumi mashanu emakondomu.
- B RCA1 / BRCA2 - Majini aya ane basa rinopoteredza 5 kubva muzana kusvika 10 muzana yekenza yekamu. ( BRCA2 inobatanidzwawo nehuwandu hwekenza yemapapu yakakura mumadzimai .)
- APC geni - Aya mazamu anobatanidzwa nehuwandu hwehutachiwana hwekenza yekoloni kuvanhu vane mhuri yemadenomatous polyposis.
Nei Kenza Kurapa Usingawanzoshanda
Kunzwisisa chiremera chekudzivirira chiremera chinogona kubatsirawo kutsanangura chikonzero nei kurapwa, zvakadai sekemotherapy, kusinganyatsogadzirisa kenza. Mimwe mishonga yekenza inoshandiswa kukurudzira masero kuzviuraya. Sezvo mamwe maronda anodzvinyirira majini anobatanidzwa mukugadzirisa kwepoptosis (kero yerufu) masero ekenza haagoni kuenda kuburikidza nekugadzira apoptosis semamwe masero anogona.
Zvimwe Pamusoro peKenza
Kudzidza pamusoro pechirwere chinopesana nemasikirwo ejeni inongova chikamu chimwe chete chekunzwisisa kukura uye kupona kwekenza. Dzidza nezvechinyorwa chekenza , uye kuti masero emukasi akasiyana sei nemaasero akaenzana .
Uyewo Anozivikanwa Se: antioncogene, kurasikirwa kwebasa majini
Mienzaniso: Manyana emapapu emapapu ane anowanzoita p53 mazamu mukati memarara. p53 chirwere chinokonzera chirwere chinokonzerwa nehutu chinokonzerwa nekuita kuti masero ave akafa kana DNA yavo yaparadzwa uye isingagadziriswa (apoptosis).
> Sources:
> America Cancer Society. Oncogenes uye Tumor Suppressor Genes. Updated 06/25/14. http://www.cancer.org/cancer/cancercauses/geneticsandcancer/genesandcancer/genes-and-cancer-oncogenes-tumor-suppressor-genes