Iwe unogona kunge wakanzwa kuti chinhu chinonzi carcinogen kana kuti carcinogenic. Izvi zvinorevei? Tinoziva sei kuti chimwe chinhu chinogona kukonzera kenza?
Tsanangudzo
Chirwere chinogadziriswa chinotsanangurwa sechinhu chinogona kukonzera zvakananga chirwere. Izvi zvinogona kuva chemikemikari, chirwere chetachiona, kana kunyange mishonga uye marwadzo atinoshandisa kurapa kenza. Kunyange zvazvo kanzira dzakawanda dzinokonzerwa necarcinogen kana kusanganiswa kwemakemikari, chido chokuva nekenza chinogonawo kupiwa nhaka sechikamu chemajini edu.
Carcinogens inogona kushanda nenzira shomanana:
- Chirwere chegoni chinogona kukuvadza zvakananga DNA mumasero (zvinokonzera kuchinja,) izvo zvinotungamirira kukanganisa mumagadzirirwo emasero.
- Iyo carcinogen inogona kunge inokonzera kukanganisa nekuvhiringidza kunokonzera kuti masero akasiyana nekukurumidza. Apo masero akaparadzanisa pane nguva dzose mukana wekuti kuchinja kuchaitika (kuchinja) izvo zvinowedzerawo mukana wekuve nekenza .
Aina
Isu tiri kumativi ose emakemikari zuva rega rega, pasinei nekushanda, kumba, kana kutamba. Carcinogens haisi kukonzera chirwere mumunhu wose anoonekwa; kukwanisa kwecarcinogen kukonzera chirwere kunoenderana nezvimwe zvinhu, kusanganisira kuwanda kwekutsvaga, urefu hwekutsvaga, hutano hwomunhu mumwe, uye zvimwe zvinhu muupenyu hwomunhu hunosimudzira kana kuderedza ngozi yekenza.
Vanhu vanosiyanawo nehutano hwevanhu pachavo kune chirwere chekemikari chinotarisa maitiro avo emagetsi. Mune mimwe mikana chirwere chinokonzera maitiro akawanda, zvinoreva kuti kune zvinhu zvakawanda zvinoshanda pamwe chete kuti zvive zvinokonzera kana kudzivirira kenza.
Mhando dzecarcinogens dzinosanganisira:
- Makhemikisi / zvinhu - Mimwe makemikari anoshandiswa kumusha kana kubasa angave echitemukari. Semuenzaniso, asbestos mukusungirirwa kunogona kutungamirira kumapapu emapapu uye mesothelioma . Vanhu vazhinji vane pfungwa yokuti kana ikemikari inogona kukonzera kenza ingadai isina kubvumirwa mudzimba dzedu. Hazvisizvo.
- Dhiyabhorosi yemazuva ano - Ultraviolet miviri yakabva kunezuva ndiyo chikonzero chinonyatsozivikanwa chekenza yemaperembudzi. Radhoni yakabuda kubva pakuora kwechirwere yeuranium muvhu uye iyo inobatwa mumisha inokonzera kukonzera kenza yemapapu .
- Miviri yezvechiremba - Miviri yose inoshandiswa mishonga pakuongorora zvirwere uye iyo inoshandiswa kurapa kenza inonzi inotapira. Semuenzaniso, vakadzi vanogamuchira kurapwa kwemaawa shure kwekuita mastectomi yekenza yepachifu vari pahuwandu hwekuve nekenza yemapapu nekuda kwehutachiona hwehutachiona.
- Virusi - Mavirusi akadai semapillomaviruses evanhu anokonzera kenza yemuromo uye chirwere chepachivha, uye hepatitis C iyo inogona kukonzera kenza yechiropa inonzi inodonicens. Tarisa humwe hutachiona hunofungidzirwa kukonzera chirwere .
- Mimwe mishonga - Mamwe chemotherapy nemishonga inonzi hormonal therapy inogona kukonzera njodzi yekenza. Semuenzaniso, chemotherapy inoshandiswa kurapa vakadzi nechepakutanga kenza yemazamu dzimwe nguva inotungamirira kuropa reukemia. Kushandiswa kwemakemikari omumuromo kunowedzera mukana wekenza yemazamu mumadzimai maduku.
- Maitiro ehupenyu - Kusvuta uye kuneta kune zvose zvinokonzera kuti vanokwanisa kutakura mutsauko unoguma nekenza.
Latency Period
Chimwe chinhu chinokosha kuti uchinzwisise ndechekufunga kwenguva ye latency .
Ino ndiyo nguva iripo pakati pekudzivirirwa kune kenzajeni nenguva iyo kenza inowedzera. Nguva yenguva inogona kunge iri pfupi zvikuru, yakadai sekuisa pachena kumisi yakaitika munjodzi yenyukireya, kana kuti panzvimbo iyo, makumi emakumi emakore, zvichienderana nekodhinogen chaiyo.
Kuedzwa
Hazvisi nyore nguva dzose kuziva kana chinhu kana kuti kubuda kune chirwere chekemikari. Muenzaniso wakanaka weizvi kusvuta. Zvakatora makore akawanda ekutsvakurudza uye mamiriyoni emadhora kuti aone ukama hwekusvuta kumukenza wemapapu. Ongororo dzakawanda kuti uongorore zvinhu zvinokonzerwa nekemikari zvinowanikwa pamhuka dzichishandisa kujekesa kwepamusoro. Pasati kuedzwa kwemhuka, dzakawanda zvezvinhu izvi zvinotanga kutaridzirwa mumitemo yesero mubazi.
Kunyange zvazvo zvingava zvisina kunaka kuti uongorore zvinhu zvekuchengetedza muviri mukati mevanhu, zvidzidzo zvekare zvinotarisa vanhu vane kenza, uye kuongorora kusati kwasvika, zvinoshandiswa kuongorora zvinhu kana kuvepo kwekuongorora kukwanisa kukonzera kenza.
Zvinosuruvarisa, zvidzidzo zvemasero kana zvidzidzo zvezvipfuwo hazvigoni kutiudza nguva dzose izvo zvichaitika kuvanhu. Zvinowanzoitika nemasero evanhu mune imwe mudziyo murabhu zvinogona kunge zvakasiyana zvikuru nezvinoitika zvinopa kufanana kwakafanana pakati pemamiriyoni emakemikari anoitika pane nguva yose kuvanhu. Saizvozvowo, zvidzidzo zvezvipfuwo hazviwanzotiudza nguva dzose zvichazoitika nekuisa pachena kwevanhu. Izvi ndizvo zvakaitika kuna thalidomide, iyo yaiva mishonga yakachengeteka mumhuka dzebhishopi asi yakakonzera kukanganisa kuberekwa pawakapa vakadzi vane pamuviri.
Kutsvaga
Iko kune maitiro akawanda ari munzvimbo anotsanangura marinogeni nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana:
The Environmental Protection Agency:
- Boka A: Carcinogenic kuvanhu
- Boka B: Zvichida kuva necarcinogenic kuvanhu
- Boka C: Uchapupu huripo hwehupenyu hwevanhu
- Boka D: Ruzivo rusina kukodzera kuongorora kukanganisa
- Boka E: Hazvirevi kuva necarcinogen kuvanhu
International Agency for Research on Cancer: National Toxicology Program:
- Boka A: Carcinogenic kuvanhu
- Boka B: Zvichida kuva necarcinogenic kuvanhu
- Boka C: Uchapupu huripo hwehutachiona hunokwanisa
- Boka D: Ruzivo rusina kukwana kuongorora maitiro ehutachiona
- Boka E: Hazvirevi kuva necarcinogen kuvanhu
National Toxicology Program
- Anozivikanwa kuti ane carcinogenic kuvanhu
- Zvinonzwisisika kutarisirwa kuva checenogenic kuvanhu
Kudzivirirwa Kuchengetedzwa
Ramba uchifunga kuti haisi zvinhu zvose zvinokonzerwa nemakemikari akaedzwa. Haisi chete mamiriyoni evanhu vanogona kuita zvirwere mumasikirwo nemakambani, asi hazvisi nyore kuedza makemikari ose emakumi ezviuru zvevanhu (kana kuti tsika dzakanaka.) Nokuda kwechikonzero ichocho, zvakakosha kuedza kungwarira nemhando ipi zvayo inogona kuuraya inogona kubudiswa pachena. Zvakakosha ku:
- Verenga mavara, uye ona zvishandiso iwe usingazivi. Mimwe mishonga yemumba inoita chinyorwa chokuti ine vanhu vanokonzerwa nemakemikari. Muenzaniso ndeimwe mhando yeendarira yakachena.
- Tevera mazano ekuchengetedza zvakachengeteka kwemakemikari kumba. Verenga zvinyorwa zviduku pane zvidha. Mimwe yeiyi inokurudzira kupfeka magasi. Vamwe vanokurudzira ventiroti yakanaka, vakapfeka masikisi, kana kuti kunyange kupa masaiti chaiwo epakisi (kana zvinoreva izvi, zvinoreva kuti maskiti haikwani kukuchengetedza.) Tinokanganwa kuti zvinhu zvakawanda zvinogona kuvharwa nyore nyore kuburikidza neganda. Isu iye zvino tine zvikwereti zvezvinhu zvose kubva nicotine kusvika kumarwadzo anorwadza anoshandiswa nematambudziko aya. Murairo wakanaka wegunwe ndewokuti kana iwe usingadi kudya, shandisa magirazi kuti uite.
- Tevera nzira dzakakurudzirwa paunenge uchishanda nemakemikari ari pabasa. Vashandi vanofanirwa kugovera Material Safety Data Sheets pane chero makemikari auchazobudiswa nawo kubasa. Tora nguva yekuverenga izvi zvakanyatsonaka.
- Funga dzimwe nzira dzakasiyana-siyana kune zvinhu zvakasara zvezvivako: somuenzaniso, vamwe vanhu vakawana kuti panzvimbo yekuva nezvinhu zvizhinji zvokushambadzira zvekutsvaga (zvose zvine zvigadzirwa zvinogona kusimudza siso rako,) unogona kuchenesa imba yako uchishandisa vhiniga chete, juisi , maorivhi, uye kubika soda. Izvi hazvisi izvo chete zvinoderedza kusvibiswa kwako kune zvinokonzerwa nemakemikari, asi zvinodhura zvakare.
- Funga zvaunogona kuita. Semuenzaniso, tarisa mazano aya pamusoro pekuti ungadya sei zvokudya kuti uderedze marcogogen.
Databases
Kune mazita akawanda emabhaibheri ayo maunogona kutarisa kumakemikari nezvinhu zvaunosangana nazvo kuitira kuti uone hutano hwavo.
- IARC Monographs
- National Toxicology Program
Shoko Rinobva
Isu tinorasikirwa necarcinogens munharaunda yedu zuva rega rega. Kunyange zvazvo zvichida pane zvimwe zvinhu zvatinodzidza zviri maitiro ehutachiwana munguva yemberi, tinogona kutora matanho nhasi kuderedza kusvikirwa kwedu. Kuva nekuziva, nekuziva kuti kune inokonzerwa nemakemikari munharaunda yedu iyo isati yambozivikanwa inotanga kutanga. Kutora dzimwe nzira dzakachengeteka dzokuchengetedza, dzakadai sekuverenga mabhii uye kupfeka magirafu zvingasava zvakakosha, asi zvinogona kuva vakachenjera kana iwe usingazivi nezvechigadzirwa chauri kushanda nacho.
> Sources:
> Centres for Disease Control and Prevention. Occupational Cancer. Carcinogen List. Updated 04/24/17. https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/cancer/npotocca.html
> International International Agency for Research on Cancer. Kuongorora kweChitogenic Njodzi Kuvanhu. http://monographs.iarc.fr/