Chirwere Chine Mucheche muNyika-Vasingaiti

by Lynne Eldridge, MD; Yakadzokororwa na Grant Hughes, MD

Kusiyanisa muLung Cancer Pakati Pevasina-Smokers uye Vakasvuta

Kenza yemaperembudzi mune vasiri vese inopisa yakawanda kupfuura vanhu vakawanda vanoziva. Ichokwadi, mutanho wemapapu muvanhu vasiri kusvuta iye zvino inonzi ndiyo nhamba yechitanhatu inowanzokonzera kufa kwekenza muUnited States.

Kunyange zvazvo tine bundu uye tisina kusvuta pamwe chete patinenge tichitaura nezvekenza yemapapu, mutachiona wemapapu mune vasiri kusvuta chirwere chakasiyana nenzira dzakawanda. Ndezvipi zvimwe zvekusiyana uku?

Statistics

Zvose, 10 muzana kusvika 15 muzana yemakenza emapapu anoitika kune vasina kusvuta. (Imwe 50 muzana inowanikwa kune vakambosvuta fodya.)

Zvikamu zviviri kubva muzvitatu zvevasiri vasvuta vanopinda mukenza wemapapu ndevakadzi, uye 20 muzana yemakirini emapapu mumadzimai anowanikwa kune vanhu vasina kumbobvira vasvuta. Izvi zvikamu zvakanyanya zvikuru muvakadzi veAsia.

Zvinokonzera

Zvimwe zvezvikonzero zvisiri zvefodya zvinokonzera kenza yemapapu zvinosanganisira:

Radhoni - Kuratidzwa kwegasi reodhoni mudzimba dzedu ndicho chinokonzera chirwere chemapapu mune vasiri vasvuta.
Utsi hwechipiri hunoshandiswa - Secondhand utsi hunokonzerwa nehuwandu hwe 3,000 kanha yemapapu yekufa gore negore muU.S.
Kuvhiringidzwa kweAsbestos - Kujekesa asbestos pamabasa ndicho chikonzero chakakosha chemesothelioma , kenza yemapapu yakanyunguduka.
Aerosolized oils inokonzerwa nokubika - Mafume kubva kune wok kubika anoonekwa sechikonzero chinokosha chekenza yemapapu muvakadzi munyika dzeAsia.
Zvimwe zviitiko zvezvakatipoteredza

Zvimwe kusarudzwa kwebasa
Genetic predisposition - Vanhu vane mhuri yemakore yemukenza yemapapu vanowanzova nekenza yemapapu pachavo.
Human papillomavirus (HPV) - HPV yakawanikwa mumasero emukenza emapapu, asi kana izvi zvichiratidza kuti chikonzero chekenza yemapapu hachizivikanwi.

Aina

Kunyange zvazvo hafu yepentepa yemukenza muvanopisa inorondedzerwa se squamous cell lung maperembudzi (rudzi rwemweya isiri duku yemukenza yemapapu ), huwandu hwemaperembudzi emapapu muvasina tsvina ndeye adenocarcinomas (imwe mhando yekenza isina kamudiki yemukenza wemapapu).

Squamous cell lung cancer inowanzokura pedyo nemhepo uye inokonzera zviratidzo pakutanga, zvakadai sokukanganiswa kana kukonzera ropa (hemoptysis).

Adenocarcinomas inowanzokura mumatunhu ekunze emapapu uye inogona kuvapo kwenguva yakareba zviratidzo zvisati zvaitika. Zviratidzo zvakadai sokupererwa kwepfungwa, kuneta, kana zviratidzo zvekupararira kwekenza kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzomuviri (zvakadai sekutambura kwepfupa) zvingava zvakajairika.

Bronchoalveolar carcinoma (BAC) ndiro zita rave rakatsiviwa uye rinotaridzirwa sechikamu chepapu adenocarcinoma. Iyo imwe mhando yemukenza wemapapu inonyanyozivikanwa kune vasiri vasvuta, zvikurukuru vechikadzi vasati vasvuta. Nezvikonzero zvisingazivikanwi, chiitiko cheBAC chinenge chichiwedzera munyika yose.

Zvimwe Nezviratidzo zveLung Cancer muHasina-Smokers

Biology

Kenza yemaperembudzi muvasina tsvina yakasiyana neyemapapu emapapu muvanopisa pamagetsi, masero, uye molecule. Izvi zvinoreva kuti kuchinja mumasero anoita kuti masero emapapu emapapu akasiyana pane dzose, kubva pane genetic blueprint inoudza masero kuti aparadzanise nekukura, nenzira iyo masero anoshanda uye anotaurirana nemamwe masero. Parizvino, mukenza wemapapu mune vanhu vanoputa uye vasina kusvuta vanobatwa zvakafanana. Apo patinodzidza zvakawanda pamusoro pekusiyana pakati pekenza muvanoputa uye vasina kusvuta, izvi zvinogona kuchinja.

Zvimwe zvidzidzo zvinoratidza kuti vanhu vasina kumbobvira vachema vachipindura zviri nani chemotherapy. Zvimwe zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana mumasero ekenza zvinowanzoonekwa kune avo vasina kumbobvira vasvuta , uye saka vakatarisa kurapwa kunofanirwa kuchinja uku kunogona kushanda zviri nani kune vasina kumboputa.

Munhu wose anoonekwa ane kemukari isina simba duku remapapu - uye kunyanya vasingafungidzi - vanofanira kuve nekuongorora kwemajini (kufungidzirwa kwemalekisi) yakaitwa pamakumbo avo. Mukuwedzera pakuongorora mishonga inowanikwa kuburikidza ne biopsy yemapapu tissue, kuongororwa ropa kweropa ( inonzi liquid biopsy ) yakagamuchirwa munaJune 2016 pakuona kuchinja kwe EGFR . Izvi zvinochinja zvikuru kune vanhu vasina kumboputa.

Kurapa Kanzira Mishonga

Prognosis

Kenza yemaperembudzi mune vasiri kusvuta inowanzoongororwa pane imwe nguva, pakupedzisira inonzi inotapukirwa nehutachiona kana kunyange kutenda. Kunyange zvakadaro, zvimwe (asi kwete zvose) zvidzidzo zvinoratidza kuti kuponeswa kwese kuri nani pane vasiri kusvuta. Iyi misiyano inonyanya kuoneka kune avo vanoongororwa pane imwe nguva yekutanga chirwere chacho. Vakadzi vasiri vese vane tsvina vane huwandu hwakanaka hwehuwandu huwandu kupfuura varume vasina kusvuta nemukenza wemapapu.

Kudzivirira

Kuongorora imba yako nokuda kwehudhudhu uye kudzivisa utsi hwechipiri ndeyezvinhu zvinokosha zvikuru zvaunogona kuita kuderedza dambudziko rako rekenza yemapapu seusingaiti. Mimwe miitiro yekudya , pamwe nekuwanda kwakakwana kwekurovedza muviri , inoita sokuti inoderedza ngozi.

Kurohwa Kwekenza Kudzivirira Kwevasingaregi

Ramangwana Mazano muPurofiti

Kutsvakurudza ikozvino kuenderera mberi kuwana nzira dzekuona mutsauko wemapapu muvasina kusvuta pane imwe nguva yapfuura. Mune ramangwana, vanachiremba vanogona kuedza kurapa zvirwere, zvinhu zviri muropa zvinosangana nekenza, kuwana idzi kanhara kune vasina kusvuta pamatambo ekutanga, anonyatsoporesa.

Support

Pamusana pekunyadzisa kwemukenza wemapapu, vasiri vasvuta nemukenza wemapapu vanowanzoti vanonzwa vasisina kutsigirwa kupfuura vanhu vane mamwe maitiro ekenza. Mashoko asinganzwisisiki, akadai seokuti, "Ndakanga ndisingazivi kuti iwe uri hovha inoputa," inogona kukuvadza zvakanyanya uye inokuvadza pakuipisisa, apo vanhu vanonzwa vachinyara kugoverana nekurwa kwavo nevamwe nekuda kwekushorwa. Vose vanoputa uye vasina kusvuta nemukenza wemapapu vanoda hatisingakwanisi kutarisira uye kutsigira.

_Sources:

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