Nhoroondo yeHIV
Hondo yeAIDS yaiva-uye vamwe vaizopopotedzana vachiripo-inonyanya kukosha kwehutano hwehutano hwemazuva ano. Kunyange dzimwe zvirwere zvainge zvakapararira uye zvinouraya (pakati pavo nehutachiona uye malaria), mafungu anokwidza ekufa akonzerwa neAIDS akanga asina kumboitika.
Pamusoro pemakore mashomanana mashomanene, takaona kufa kweAIDS-kunomuka kubva kumazana mashomanana evarume muAmerica kusvika kumazana ezviuru kubva kumagumo ekusvika kwenyika.
Izvo zvatakanga tisati tamboona zvirwere zvakadai uye hazvikwanise kuziva nzira yekuidzivisa zvinongowedzera kuwedzera kukura kwekutya pakati pevanhu vose nevanoita mitemo zvakafanana.
Kubva "Kutongwa Kwekufa" Kunowanikwa Muupenyu Hwakanaka
Pakavamba kwema1990, HIV / AIDS yakanga yava nhamba yekufa pakati pevanhu vokuAmerica vane makore 24 kusvika ku45. Pakazosvika 1999, yakave yakavhara dzimwe zvirwere zvose sechikonzero chikuru chekufa muAfrica pamwe nechina chekutanga chinouraya pasi rose .
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'Zero Yevarwere' Yakasunungurwa Kutanga AIDS Dambudziko reAIDS
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Chikonzero nei Zuva reAIDS Rwenyika Yose Sezvakakosha Sezvakamboita
Asi, nokuda kwekutya nekutsamwa kwese kwakakonzerwa, HIV yakashandura nzvimbo chaiyo yesayenzi uye zvematongerwo enyika sezvatinoziva. Icho chakaita kuti chirwere chezvechiremba kubva kumidzi yavo yepamusoro kune imwe yakatsigira kodzero uye kuchengetedzwa kwevarwere. Yakamanikidzika kutsvaga-kutevera kwemishonga yekubvumira zvinodhaka apo ichikurudzira vatsvakurudzi kuti vave nehuwandu hwezvigadzirwa zvemajini uye zvezvigadzirwa zvatinotora zvishoma nhasi.
Ichokwadi kuti HIV yakabva pakuva nechirwere chinoparadza zvakafanana kune imwe iyo vanhu vanogona kurarama hutano hwakanaka, hupenyu hwehupenyu hahuna kushamisa. Kunyange zvakadaro, tine nzira yakareba yekuenda uye zvidzidzo zvakawanda zvekudzidza tisati tambofunga nezve dambudziko iri.
Izvi ndezvekutarisa shure kuti tinokwanisa kunzwisisa zviri nani matambudziko asiri kutarisana nekutarisana nekuita kuti HIV ive chinhu chekare.
1981
Muna May, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) yakashuma kuti varume vashanu varochani muLos Angeles, CA vakanga vakura chirwere chemapapu chisingawanzozivikanwa chinonzi pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) pamwe chete nezvimwe zvirwere zvinokonzerwa nekupunzika kwemajoni system. Nenguva iyo mushumo wakabudiswa, vaviri vevarume vakanga vatofa.
Pakazosvika December, 270 maitiro akafanana akataurwa mune izvo vatsvakurudzi vakanga vachidana GIRID (kana kushaya zvirwere zvekudzivirira gayira). Pakati peavo vakaonekwa, 112 vakanga vafa nechirwere mukati megore.
1982
Sezvo chirwere chacho chakatanga kupararira kupfuura varume vanoita zvepabonde kune mamwe mapoka evanhu, CDC yakatanga izwi rokuti AIDS (kana rakawana immune deficiency syndrome) kuhutano hwehutano lexicon, kurondedzera sechirwere "chinoitika mumunhu asina chikonzero chakazivikanwa nokuda kwokuramba kune chirwere ichocho. "
1983
Vatsvakurudzi vePasteur Institute muFrance, kusanganisira Françoise Barré Sinoussi naLuc Montagnie r, vakatsvaga retrovirus inoverengeka yavakapa CHIV (lymphadenopathy inosangana nehutachiona) uye vakaratidza kuti ingangodaro inokonzera AIDS.
Sezvo chirwere ichi chichienderera mberi kupararira mberi kwemagariro evanhukadzi, CDC yakatsigira kuti zvepabonde neropa rekutsvaga ndiyo yaiva nzira mbiri dzekutumira kwehutachiona husina kutaurwa.
1984
Mumwe muongorori weAmerica Robert Gallo akazivisa kuwanikwa kwetrovirus inonzi HTLV-III (utachiona hwevanhu veT-tropic) iyo yaifunga kuti ndiyo iyo yakakonzera AIDS. Chiziviso chacho chakaita kuti gakava rive sekuti murairo weHIV neHiTLV-III hwakanga uri hutachiona humwe uye nyika ipi ine kodzero dzepamutemo.
Pakupera kwegore, vakuru vakuru veSan Francisco vakarayira kugadziriswa kwemahombe edzimba dzekushambidza-dzinoonekwa sehutano hwehutano hwevanhu munzvimbo inotarisana nekukura kwezvirwere uye kufa pakati pevarume vevamwe varume.
1985
MunaJanuary, CDC yakataura kuti AIDS yakakonzerwa nehutachiwana huchangobva kuonekwa, yakatevera nguva pfupi nenyaya kuti US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) yaibvumidza kuedza kwekutanga kweAIDS yeAIDS inokwanisa kuona chirwere muropa samples.
Zvichakadaro, nhoroondo dzakabuda kuti Ryan White, mudiki weIndia, akarambidzwa kupinda chikoro chake chesekondari mushure mekuwana AIDS kubva kuwedzerwa ropa.
Mwedzi miviri gare gare, actor Rock Hudson akaurayiwa nezvirwere zvine chokuita neAIDS, achiva wokutanga akakurumbira mukurumbira kuti afe nechirwere.
Chirongwa cheChirangaridzo chaAIDS chakakonzerwa nemushandi weCleve Jones kurangarira hupenyu hwakarasikirwa neHIV. Nhengo imwe neimwe ye 3x5 yepamusoro yepamusoro yakapa mubhadharo kune mumwe kana vanhu vazhinji vakange vafa nehosha.
1986
MunaMeyi, International International Committee ye Taxonomy yeVirusiya yakabudisa mushumo umo yakagamuchirwa kuti hutachiona hunokonzera AIDS huchava hutachiwana hutachiona hweHIV (kana hutachiona hwehutachiwana hwehutachiwana hwehutachiona hwehutachiwana) .
1987
American playwright Larry Kramer akatanga ACT UP (AIDS Coalition kuUnleash Power) muNew York, NY kupikisa kuenderera mberi kwehurumende kuhutachiona hweAIDS muAmerica
Munguva iyi, US uye France vakabvumirana kuti maRVV neHTLV-III, chaizvoizvo, iine hutachionachete uye vakabvumirana kugoverana kodzero dzepamutemo, vachipa huwandu hwenyika dzekutsvaga kuongororwa neAIDS.
Pakazosvika March, FDA yakagamuchira AZT (zidovudine) semushonga wekutanga wepachirwere chetachiona unogona kurapa HIV. Nenguva isipi, vakabvumawo kukurumidzira kushandiswa kwezvinodhaka zvinodhaka, kuderedza nguva yekugadzirisa nguva kusvika makore maviri kusvika matatu.
1988
Elizabeth Glaser, mudzimai we Starsy & Hutch nyota Paul Michael Glaser, akatanga nheyo yePediatric AIDS Foundation (akazotumidzazve zita rinonzi Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation) mushure mekuwana HIV kubva kuwedzerwa ropa. .
Zuva reAIDS reNyika rakaonekwa kwekutanga kokutanga musi waDecember 1st.
1989
Pakazosvika August, CDC yakataura kuti nhamba yezviitiko zveAIDS muUnited States yakasvika kusvika ku100 000.
1990
Rufu rweIndia mudiki Ryan White munaApril rakaita kuti mhirizhonga sevatungamiriri vehurumende vaipomerwe kuti havana kuramba vachiita basa. Sangano reUnited States rakapindura nekubvumira Ryan White Comprehensive AIDS Resource Emergency (CARE) Act ya1990, yakagadzirirwa kupa hurumende mari yekuchengetedza vanhu vane hutachiwana hweHIV nevanopa rubatsiro.
1992
AIDS yakava nhamba inotungamirira chikonzero chekufa kwevarume veAmerica vane makore 24 kusvika ku45.
1993
ICDC yakawedzera dudziro yeAIDS yekubatanidza vanhu vane CD4 nhamba pasi pe200. PakaJune, Mutungamiri Bill Clinton vakasaina mutemo mutemo unobvumidza kurambidzwa kwevose vapoteri vane HIV.
1994
AIDS yakava chikonzero chinotungamirira rufu pakati pevaAmerica vose vane makore 24-45.
Zvichakadaro, zviitiko zvehutano hwechirongwa ACTG 076 zvakasunungurwa, izvo zvakaratidza kuti AZT yakapiwa nguva isati yatanga kubereka kunogona kuderedza zvakanyanya ngozi yeHIV kubva kuna amai kuenda kumwana panguva yekuzvitakura . Zvigumisiro zvakakurumidza kuteverwa nekubudiswa kwemitemo yekutanga kubva kuU.S. Public Health Service (USPHS) ichikumbira kushandiswa kweAIDS mune vakadzi vane pamuviri vane HIV.
1995
Iyo FDA inobvumira Inivirase (saquinivir), yekutanga protease inhibitor-class drug inowanikwa mumishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya. Kushandiswa kweprotease inhibitors kwakatungamirira munguva yeHART (yakanyanya kushandiswa nehutachiona hwehutachiona) umo kusanganiswa kwemishonga mitatu kana kupfuura yakashandiswa kurapa HIV.
Pakupera kwegore, 500 000 veAmerica vakaudzwa kuti vakaparirwa neHIV.
1996
Iyo FDA yakabvumira kuedza kwekutanga kwehutachiona hwekodha kukwanisa kuenzana nehuwandu hweHIV muropa romunhu pamwe nekotanga kero yekuongorora yeimba yeHIV uye yekutanga isina nucleoside-class drug inonzi Viramume (nevirapine).
Mugore rimwe chete, USPHS yakabudisa mazano ekutanga pamusoro pekushandisa ma antiretroviral madhirairi kuderedza dambudziko rehutachiona kuvanhu vanokanganisa nehutachiona hweHIV mune zvirongwa zvehutano. Izvo zvinonzi USPHS 's post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) yakagadzira nheyo yekurapa kudzivirira mune zviitiko zvekuita zvepabonde, kubatwa chibharo, kana kuratidzirwa kweropa.
Chirongwa cheChirangaridzo cheAIDS, chine mapeji anopfuura 40,000, chakaiswa paNational Mall kuWashington, DC uye chakafukidza nzvimbo yose yepasiti yenyika yose.
1997
ICDC yakataura kuti kushandiswa kweHART kwakawanda kwakaderedza dambudziko rehutachiona hwehutachiona hweHIV uye kufa, uye kufa kwehuwandu huchiderera ne 47% zvinoshamisa zvichienzanisa negore rakapfuura.
Zvichakadaro, United Nations Programme yeHIV / AIDS (UNAIDS) yakashuma kuti vanhu vanenge mamiriyoni makumi matatu vaine utachiona hweHIV munyika yose, nechekumaodzanyemba kweAfrica vachiverenga kwehafu yezvitsva zvose zvitsva.
1998
ICDC yakabudisa mirayiridzo yekutanga yehutachiona hweHIV munaEpril, apo Dare Repamusorosoro reUnited States rakatonga kuti vanhu veAmerica vane Dambudziko (ADA) Act vakafukidza vanhu vose vane HIV.
1999
IWorld Health Organization (WHO) yakashuma kuti HIV ndiyo ndiyo inokonzera rufu muAfrica pamwe nechina chekutanga chinokonzera rufu pasi rose. WHO yakaratidza zvakare kuti vanhu vane mamiriyoni makumi matatu nematatu vakanga vatapukirwa kubvira pakatanga denda uye kuti mamiriyoni gumi nemana akafa sechikonzero chezvirwere zvinotarisana neHIV.
2000
IXIII International Conference Conference muDurban, South Africa yakazara mukukakavara apo apo -Mutungamiri Thabo Mbeki , muchikamu chekutanga, vakaratidza kusava nechokwadi kana HIV inokonzera AIDS. Panguva yemusangano, South Africa yakanga iine (uye inoenderera mberi kuva ne) vanhu vakawanda vanogara neHIV munyika yose.
2002
IWorld Fund yekurwisana neAIDS, Tuberculosis, uye Malaria yakatangwa muGeneva, kuSwitzerland kuti ishandise mari yezvirongwa zveHIV munyika dziri kusimukira. Panguva yekusimbiswa kwaro, zvirwere zvitsva zvemamiriyoni 3.5 zvakataurwa muSouth Africa yeSahara chete.
Zvichakadaro, mukuedza kuendesa kuongororwa kwe HIV muUnited States, FDA yakagamuchira kutanga kwekutsvaga kweAIDS kuongororwa kweropa kunokwanisa kuunza mitsva mumaminitsi makumi maviri nemakumi maviri nemapfumbamwe.
2003
Mutungamiriri weGeorge HW Bush akazivisa kuumbwa kweMutungamiri weErgence Plan yeAIDS Relief (PEPFAR), iyo yakave yakawanda yekushandiswa kweHIV mune imwe nyika. Kusiyana neGlobal Fund, iyo yakapa nyika humwe humwe hutongi hwekuti mari ingashandiswa sei, PEPFAR yakatora maoko akawanda-kutarisana nemadhora makuru ekutarisira chirongwa uye zviyero.
Chirwere chekutanga chekuvhara HIV , kushandisa chirongwa cheAIDVAX, chakakundikana kuderedza hutachiwana hwehutachiwana pakati pevatori vechidzidzo. Yaiva yekutanga yezviongorori zvakawanda zvekudzivirira izvo pakupedzisira zvakakundikana kuwana zvikonzero zvakanaka zvekuchengetedzwa kwevanhu vane HIV kana avo vane tariro yekudzivisa chirwere.
Munguva iyi, chizvarwa chinotevera nucleotide-class drug, Viread (tenofovir) , yakagamuchirwa neCDA. Chirwere ichi, chakaratidzwa kuva chakabudirira kunyange kune vanhu vane kupikisa zvakasimba kune dzimwe mishonga yeHIV, yakakurumidza kutamirwa kumusoro kwehurumende yekuda kurapwa kweUnited States.
2006
Maererano neWIV, vanhu vanopfuura mamiriyoni ega vakanga vaiswa kuhutachiona hwehutachiona hwehutachiona, huwandu hwemazana gumi kubvira pakatangwa Global Fund nePEPFAR.
Mugore rimwe chete, vatsvakurudzi veNational Institutes of Health (NIH) vakashuma kuti maitiro ekurapa muKenya neUganda akaregwa mushure mekunge aratidzirwa kuti kudzingiswa kwevarume kunogona kuderedza ngozi yevanhu yekuwana HIV nehuwandu hunosvika 53 muzana.
Saizvozvowo, CDC yakabudisa kudana kuongororwa kweHIV kuvanhu vose vane makore gumi nematanhatu kusvika kune makumi matanhatu nematanhatu , zvichibatanidza kuongororwa kwegore rimwechete kune vanhu vanofunga kuti vari pangozi.
2007
ICDC yakataura kuti 565 000 vokuAmerica vakafa neHIV kubva pakutanga kwechirwere. Yakaparidzirwa zvakare kuti hutachiwana hutachiona hutsva pakati pevarume vanoita zvepabonde nevarume vakanga vari kuwedzera, pamwe nemitengo inowanikwa kaviri kuve pakati pevechidiki vevarume vepabonde pakati pemakore gumi nema13 ne18.
Chinhu chiduku chakanga chiri chikonzero chekuti mamiriyoni 1.2 eAmerica anofungidzirwa kuti anorarama neHIV, vazhinji vanenge 20 kusvika ku 25 muzana vakaramba vasina kuziva zvachose maitiro avo.
2008
Timothy Brown, anonyanya kuzivikanwa se " Murwere weBellin ," akaudzwa kuti akapora neHIV mushure mokunge awana sero stem cell transplant. Kunyange zvazvo nzira yacho yaifungidzirwa kuva ine ngozi uye inodhura kuti iite zvinoenderana nehutano hwehutano hwevanhu, yakapa kune dzimwe dzidzo dzinotarisira kudzokorora mhinduro.
2010
I Obama yakarongedza zvakagadziriswa kuU.S. HIV yekuenda kune dzimwe nyika uye kurambidzwa kwekufamba .
MunaNovember, vatsvakurudzi vane IPrEx Study vakashuma kuti kushandiswa kwezuva nezuva kwechirwere chechirwere Truvada (tenofovir + emtricitabine) kwakaderedza dambudziko rehutachiwana hwevarwere nevarume veHIV vasingatendi ne 44 muzana. Yaiva yekutanga yekudzidzira kushandiswa kwe -pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) kuderedza dambudziko reHIV mune vanhu vasina HIV.
2011
Purogiramu yeHTT 052 yakanzi inonzi Breakthrough of the Year neScience Magazine mushure mekunge yakaratidza kuti vanhu vane remishonga inorwisa maidetroviral vaiva 96 kubva muzana vashoma kutumira HIV kumunhu asina kutapukirwa kana vakakwanisa kuchengetedza utachiona husingaoneki hwehutachiona . Chidzidzo chacho chakasimbisa kushandiswa kweKurapwa seKubvisa (TasP) senzira yekudzivirira kupararira kweHIV mune sarodiscordant (maitiro akavhenganiswa) vakaroorana.
2012
Pasinei nokuchinja kwehupenyu hweHIV hune hutachiona, vashandi vehutano muSouth Africa vakashuma kuti nhamba yehutachiona hutsva yakawedzera pamusoro pegore rapfuura nevanopfuura 100 000, zvikurukuru pakati pevechidiki nevechidiki.
IA FDA yakabvumidza zvakajeka kushandiswa kweTruvada yePrEP . Yakasvika pane imwe nguva iyo US ichitaura zvingopfuura 50,000 zvitsva zvinongororwa, chimiro chakange chisina kuchinja kubva muna 2002.
2013
Mutungamiriri weBarack Obama akasayira mutemo weHIV Organic Policy Equity (HOPE) mutemo, unobvumira kuti kuve nekugadzirwa kwezvikamu kubva kune anopa HIV anopa mupi anogamuchira HIV.
UNAIDS yakazivisa kuti hutachiwana hwehutachiwana hwehutachiwana munyika dzakaderera kusvika pakati hwakaderera ne50 muzana nekuda kwekuwedzera zvirongwa zvekurapa HIV. Vakataurawo kuti vanhu vanosvika mamiriyoni 35.3 vane utachiona hweHIV.
I-FDA yakabvumira integrase inhibitor-class drug Tivicay (dolutegravir) iyo yakaratidzwa kuva nemigumisiro shomanana uye yakasimbiswa zvikuru kune vanhu vane zvinodhaka zvakanyanya. Mushonga wacho wakakurumidza kutamirwa kumusoro kweSouth America yakasarudzwa mishonga yezvirwere zveHIV.
2014
Kushandiswa kweAxpordable Care Act (ACA) yakawedzerwa inshuwarhu yehutano kune vanhu vakamborambidzwa kuparidzirwa. Mutemo usati watanga kushanda, vashoma kune vanomwe veAmerica vane HIV vaine inshuwalhu yehutano yega yega.
Munguva iyi, masayendisiti kuOxford University vachiongorora zvinyorwa zvose zvekare uye mazita ehutachiona, akagumisa kuti HIV yakabva yakatanga kana kuti yakapoteredza Kinshasa muDemocratic Republic of Congo. Zvinotendwa kuti fomu ye hybrid ye simian immunodefiency virus (SIV) yakasimuka kubva kuPan trolodytes troglydytes chimpanze kune munhu semugumisiro weropa kana kushandiswa nyama.
2015
Iyo Strategic Timing yeAntiretroviral Treatment (START) Chidzidzo chakabudiswa kune nhume kune International AIDS Society Conference muVancouver, Canada. Chidzidzo chacho, chakaratidza kuti kurapa kweHIV kwakapiwa panguva yekuongororwa kunogona kuderedza dambudziko rekurwara kwakakomba ne 53 muzana , rakakumbira kukumbira kushanduka pakarepo mumagariro evanhu.
Mwedzi mina gare gare, WHO yakabudisa mirayiridzo yakagadziriswa inorayira kurapwa kweHIV munguva yekuongororwa pasinei neCD4 count, nzvimbo, mari, kana chirwere chechirwere. Vakaramba vachikurudzira kushandiswa kwePrEP kune avo vari pangozi yekuwana HIV.
PaZuva reAIDS Rwenyika, CDC yakataura kuti gore negore chirwere cheAIDS cheSU chakanga chaderera nemapfumbamwe kubva muzana, pamwe nekuderera kwakanyanya pakati pehutano hwevakadzi pamwe neAfrica vakadzikadzi. Kusiyana neizvi, varume vaduku vaiita zvepabonde vakaramba vari pangozi yakakura yehutachiona apo vaAfrica varochani varume vakaudzwa kuti vane 50/50 mukana wokuwana HIV mune zvehupenyu hwose.
Musi waDecember 21, FDA "yakasimudza" iyo yemakore makumi matatu emakore ekurambidzwa kweropa rezvipo kubva kune varume vanoita zvepabonde nevarume vakaroorana. Chisarudzo ichocho chakaita kuti kutsamwa kubva kune veAIDS vatsoropodza, avo vakatsoropodza chisarudzo cheDFA chekuti vabvumire chete varume avo vasina kumboita zvepabonde kwegore kuti vape, vachiomerera chisarudzo chaiva chisarudzo uye kwete pasi pekudziviswa.
2016
Maererano neWIV, vanhu 38.8 mamiriyoni vane utachiwana hweHIV uye vanhu vanenge mamiriyoni makumi maviri nemakumi maviri vakafa nekuda kwechikonzero cheHIV kubva kutanga kwechirwere.
Nehuchapupu hwokuti kurapwa kwehutachiona hweHIV kune hutachiona hunoita kuti hutachiona hwehutachiwana hwave huripo , hurumende yeUnited Nations yakatora sarudzo yayo 90-90-90 inotarisirwa kuzivisa 90 muzana yevanhu vanorarama neHIV, vachiisa 90 muzana yevanhu vanozivikanwa vanoziva kurapwa, nekuvimbisa kuti 90 muzana avo vari kurapwa vakakwanisa kuwana zvisingaoneki zvehutachiona hwezvinhu.
> Kwakabva:
> Dhipatimendi reUnited Health of Health and Human Services (DHHS). "Muenzaniso weHIV / AIDS." Office of the Assistant Secretary of Health and Office of the Assistant Secretary of Public Affairs; Washington, DC; Svondo 18, 2016.