Zvirongwa zvekupedzisira zvinotevera zvinopa nokukurumidza, zvinowedzera zvakavimbika
Kana hutachiona hweHIV huchifungidzirwa, hunowanzoongororwa nezviedzo zvinogona kuona masero anonzi antibodies uye / kana antigens mune rimwe ropa kana salivha.
An antibody is a type of protein secreted by white blood cells that can detect and destroy the body of the body like viruses or bacteria. An antigen, zvakasiyana, pane chero chinhu chinogona kukanganisa maitiro ezvirwere zvekudzivirira zvirwere mumuviri wezvirwere (sezvazvinoitika neHIV).
Miedzo inoshandiswa kusimbisa hutachiona hweHIV yakagadzirirwa kuita nevanoshanda. Chiitiko che "chitubu" chinoreva kuti hutachiona hweHIV hunofanirwa kuonekwa uye kuti hutachiona hwakaitika. Chiitiko "chisina kunaka" chinoreva kuti hapana ma antibodies / antigen anowanikwa uye kuti utachiona hweHIV hauna kumboitika.
Kusiyana neizvi, "nhema" ndeye apo kuedzwa kusinganzwisisi kutapukirwa kweHIV, asi "zvisina kururama" apo apo kuedza kusina kururama kunoratidza kuti hapana hutachiona hwakaitika. Zvose izvi zvisinganzwisisi zviri kushandisa ikozvino kuedza kuedza.
Kunzwisisa Window Nguva
Vanhu vanowanzokura maitiro anokwanisa kuongororwa neHIV mumazuva makumi matatu ekurwereka, kunyange zvazvo vamwe vangatora nguva yakareba-kusvika kumwedzi mitatu mune dzimwe nguva. VHIV antigens, zvakasiyana, tora pakati pevhiki mbiri kusvika ku5 kukura.
Izvi zvisati zvaitika, pane nguva iyo antibody / antigen mazinga akadzika kwazvo kuti aonekwe zvakavimbika.
Izvi zvinonzi window nguva . Iko panguva ino iyo munhu ane hutachiwana anokwanisa kutapurira HIV kune vamwe, asi achiri nemigumisiro yakaipa kana akapiwa HIV.
Kana iwe uchidavira kuti wakanga watapukirwa uye uchifungidzirwa apo iwe ungangodaro wakangoburitswa neHIV, zvakakosha kuti iwe ugovere izvi nechiremba wako kana nzvimbo yekuedza.
Vanogona kubatsira kuti vaone kana kuongororwa kweHIV kuchiwira mukati mewindo kana kuti iyo inogona kuitwa nemazinga akanaka ekuvimbika.
HIV Antibody Test
IEIDS ELISA (enzyme-inogadziriswa immunosorbent assay) inobatsira zvikuru kuedza kuchinja ruvara kana HIV inopesana nemasimba aripo. Zvigumisiro zvakagoverwa kukosha kwenhamba, ine maitiro pasi pe 1.0 anoratidza mhinduro isina kunaka uye maitiro ari pamusoro pe 1.0 anoratidza chiitiko chakanaka (kana chekuita basa). Kunyange zvazvo ELISA inopa mikana yakareba yekutapukirwa kweHIV, haina kushandiswa iri yoga sekuwana HIV.
Apo chirwere che ELISA chinobereka chiitiko chakanaka, chechipiri chepachiedza chepachirwere, chinonzi Western Blot , chinoshandiswa kusimbisa mhinduro. Pamwe chete, iyo ELISA neWest Blot inoratidzwa kuti yakarurama ye 99.9 muzana muhuwandu hwevanhu veUnited States, ine uwandu hwenhema hunenge humwe hwemakumi maviri nemakumi maviri ehuongororo yakaitwa.
Dzimwe nguva, miedzo inogona kudzoka nemugumisiro usingagumi kana usina kukwana. Izvi zvinogona kuitika nokuda kwezvikonzero zvinoverengeka:
- Utachiona hunogona kunge hwave huchangobva kuitika kuti uone zvakajeka.
- Ikoko kungave kwakave nematambudziko nechiyero chekuedza kana kuti chirongwa chekuedza pachako.
- Zvirwere zvakanyanya sechirwere kana chirwere cheLyme dzimwe nguva zvinokurudzira chikonzero chakanaka, sezvinogona kuita mamiriro ezvinhu ega se lupus kana chirwere cheshuga .
Kana munhu ane chikonzero chisingaenzaniswi, miedzo inofanira kudzokororwa.
Kusanganiswa Antigen / Antibody Test
Musi waJune 27, 2014, Center for Disease Control uye Kudzivirira yakaronga nzira itsva yekuongororwa kweHIV achishandisa 4th generation combination assays. Izvi zvizvarwa zvinotevera zvinokwanisa kuongororwa zvose zveHIV antibodies (Ab) uye antigens (Ag) uye inogona kusimbisa hutachiona hweHIV kusvika kumavhiki mana mberi kweE ELISA / Western Blot kuedza.
Kune miviri miviri yakadaro inobvumirwa neU.S. Food and Drug Administration kuti ishandiswe mukuongororwa kweHIV: Alere Determine HIV 1/2 Ag / Ab Combo uye Abbott ARCHITECT HIV Ag / Ab Combo.
Zvichienderana nehupamhi hwavo hwekuyera kuongorora, CDC inokurudzira nzira inotevera inotevera:
- Kuitisa kuongorora kwokutanga neAg / Ab combo kuedza. Kana chigumisiro ichi chisina kunaka, saka hapana kuongorora kunodiwa.
- Kana chigumisiro chekutanga chiri chakanaka, ita chiitiko chechipiri kuti uone kusiyana kweHIV-1 neHIV-2 maviri , chiito chinoonekwa sechinhu chakakosha pakusarudza nzira yekurapa kune munhu ane HIV.
- Kana chikamu chechipiri chisina kunaka, chechitatu chekuongorora (inonzi HIV-1 NAT) yaizoitwa kuti iparadzanise utachiona hweHIV-1 hwakawanda kubva kune chikonzero chekutanga chakanaka . IHIV-1 NAT inokwanisa kuona huwandu hwehutachiona hweRNA hushoma kana kwevhiki mbiri.
Zvichigoverwa kuvimbiswa kwakavimbika kweAg / Ab kuongorora, kusimbiswa nenzira yeWest Blot hakuchina kuonekwa sekudiwa.
Rapid In-Home HIV Inoedza
Kukurumidza mumba-kuongororwa kweHIV kwakaitwa ELISA-based assays inogona kutora mhinduro mune zvishoma zvishoma nemaminitsi makumi maviri (zvisingaenzaniswi neEALISA / Western Blot mimwe miviri inogona kutora mazuva akawanda). Iko miedzo inoshandiswa uchishandisa saliva samples, zvingaguma zvingave "zvisina kunaka" kana "kutanga kwakanaka." Mazano ekutanga anofanira kusimbiswa neWest Blot yakaitwa mubazi.
Muna 2012, FDA yakabvumira kutanga kwekumba kwekumba kweHIV kutengeserana zvakakwana kune vatengi. Kunyange zvazvo zvigadzirwa zviri nyore kushandisa uye kupa hubatanidza kuti utarisire avo vanoedza kuonekwa zvakanaka (kuburikidza nemutambo wekutengesa kwemaawa makumi maviri nemana), vamwe vanonetseka kuti kushayikwa kwebasa-ne-chiso kupihwa uye kukanganisa kunobvumirana kunogona kuderedza kudzivirira miedzo.
Uyezve, kana mishonga yemunharaunda ichipa humwe hunova nehutano uye hunoita seanongororwa-yeku-kutarisa, kuongorora kwechiremba kwakaratidza kushaya kwenhema kwenharaunda inenge ye7 kubva muzana (kana kuti imwe chete yezvidzidzo 12).
Chimwe chidzidzo chakabudiswa neYunivhesiti yeCalifornia, San Francisco yakaratidza kuti chizvarwa chechina chekuedza nokukurumidza chinonyatsoitika munyika yese-inenge 86 muzana mune zvakanyatsoziva nezveHIV-maitiro asi 54 muzana zvakakwana mukusimbisa serostat munguva dzekutanga, HIV utachiona.
Nehumwe uchapupu huripo hunoti hutano hutachiona uye hutano hunogona kudzivirira huwandu hwehuwandu hwemazuva mazhinji-kusanganisira kuderedza kuderedza munzvimbo dzehutachiwana apo HIV inogona kuramba ichiita makumi emakore-chido chekutsanangurwa kwakarurama munguva yehutachiona hwehutachiona chinoonekwa sechikonzero.
Shoko Rinobva
Chisarudzo chekuongororwa kweHIV ndecheumwe munhu. Hakuna imwe iyo inonyanya kukosha kudarika imwe kana ikazadzisa chimwe chezvinangwa zviviri:
- Zvinokubatsira kuziva zvaunofunga nazvo kana uine HIV-isina kuitira kuti iwe udzivirire mune ramangwana.
- Inokubatanidza kune kutarisirwa uye kurapwa kwaunoda kana iwe wakadzoserwa chibereko cheHIV.
Kuti uwane nzvimbo yekuongororwa yeHIV iri pedo newe, shandisa nzvimbo yekutsvaga paIndaneti.gov.
Sources:
Greenwald, J .; Burstein, G .; Pincus, J .; et al. "Ongororo Inokurumidza Yekukurumidza Kuita HIV Antibody Test." Miridzo dzeHIV dzinopinda muropa. March 2006; 8 (2): 125-131.
Pilcher, C .; Louie, B .; Facente, S ;; et al. "Kuitwa kweRaidid Point-of-Care uye Kuedza kweBarabara kweAkaona uye Yakagadzirwa neHIV muSan Francisco." PLOS | Poshi. December 12, 2013; DOI: 10.1371 / magazini.pone.0080629.
Branson, B ;; Owen, S ;; Wesolowski, M .; et al. "Kubhizheni Kuongororwa Kuongororwa kweHIV Kurwisa: Mazano Anowanikwa." US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Atlanta, Georgia; yakabudiswa June 27, 2014.