Debunked Myth Yakavabatsira Fuel Gay Stigma Munyika Yose
Kubva pamazuva ekutanga ehutachiwana hweAIDS , varume vanoita zvepabonde vaigara vachibatanidzwa mukupararira kwechirwere kune vakawanda veUnited States. Kutenda uku kwakasimbiswa chete nemishumo muna 1984 yokuti mushandi weFrance wokuCanada anonzi Gaëtan Dugas akanga aonekwa sehosha ye "Mureza Zero."
Kunyange zvazvo uchapupu hwemakore makumi maviri apfuura hwakanga hwanyanyisa nheyo yokuti Dugas ndiyo yaibva kuNorth America kuputika, kwaingova muna 2016 apo boka remasayendisiti ezvemagetsi rakapa uchapupu hwakajeka.
Rimwe boka rekutsvakurudza rinobva kuYunivhesiti yeArizona rakaratidza kuongorora kwemasero eropa rinopfuura 2 000 rakabatanidzwa kubva kune varume vegayari muSan Francisco muma1970. Kuongorora kwavo kwakapa hupenyu hwehutachiona hwehutachiona sezvahupararira munyika yose yevanhu , kuchinja uye kuchinja sezvo zvaipfuura kubva kune mumwe munhu kune imwe inotevera.
Vatsvakurudzi vakakwanisa kugumisa kuti chirwere ichi chakanga chichibva pamvura yeCaribbean Dugas asati atove utachiwana. Vakaratidzawo kuti hutachiona huri muropa rake hwakanga huine hutano hwakawanda huchienzaniswa nezviyero zvakatorwa kubva kune vamwe varume muboka rekudzidza.
Izvi zvakaratidza kuti Dugas aiva, chaizvoizvo, akatapukirwa nehutachiona yakanga yave ichipararira kune vanhu kwenguva yakati. Kudai Dugas akanga ari iye anokonzera kuputika, chirwere chake hachina kunge chakave nemafungiro ezvinyorwa zvepathogen yakasiyana-siyana yakanyatsoparadzirwa.
Maitiro Evanhu Vose (uye Typo) Akasika "Murwere Zero" Nhema
Panguva iyo "nhepfenyuro Zero" nhema yakatanga kutenderera, kutya kwevanhu pamusoro pechirwere kwaiva kwakakwirira.
Kwete vanhu chete vaiuya kuzoona kuti "chirwere chemhombwe" chakanga chaonekwa kune vamwe vanhu, vaitarisana nehuwandu hwemashoko ezuva nezuva akabatanidza chirwere ichi kwete kune varume vanoita zvepabonde asi kune mamwe mapoka evanhu vane tsvina, vakadai sevaHaiti uye injecting vanoshandisa zvinodhaka .
Dambudziko rekupararira kwehutachiona hwaipararira, nemafungiro evanhu anowanzoparadzana pakati pevaya vaive "vasina mhosva" vakaurayiwa neHIV (vana, vacheche) uye avo vakanga vasina.
Mukurwisana nehutano hwemagariro evanhu, inoshuma kuti murume wegayari akatsigirwa se "chitubu cheAIDS" akafuridzira nhoroondo iyo vakawanda vaida chaizvo kugamuchira.
Chii chakaita kuti nhema idzi zvinyanya kuodza mwoyo ndechokuti yakanga isina kumbobvira yakabva pasayenzi; yakanga yakavakirwa pane typo.
Muna 1984, apo vakuru vakuru veAmerican Centers for Disease Control and Prevention vakatanga kutarisa hutano hwevakadzi hwemadzimai makumi mana makumi mana ehutano hwakaratidza kuva neHIV, Dugas akanzi "murwere O," netsamba "O" achingoti "(kubva) Kunze (kurutivi) rweCalifornia "
Zvisinei, apo chati yacho yakagadziriswa, zita raDugas rakave riri pakati peboka rezvirwere. Izvi zvakangoita kuti zvive nekutadza kwepfupisheni umo Dugas akanga asingazivikanwi nenzira isina kururama se "murwere 0" (zero), uye kwete "murwere O" sezvakanga zvakarongwa.
Kuparara kubva pane kukanganisa kwaingosimbiswa chete nekubudiswa kwebhuku Uye Bhuku Rakaverengwa NaRandy Shilts, iro rakarondedzera dambudziko reAIDS rave rokutanga uye rakaratidza Dugas sechirwere chekuita zvepabonde uye anofara kuparadzira chirwere ichi:
"Bhuku reMabhati, kuSan Francisco, munaNovember 1982 ... Apo kuchema kwakamira, jaya racho rakakungira kumusana kwake kuti atsiire fodya.Gaëtan Dugas akasvika kumwenje, achidzoka rheostat zvishoma kuti meso omumwe wake ave nenguva Itai kuti vaone maziso epepuru pachifuva chake.Akati, "Kanaya yegayira," akadaro, seanenge achitaura naye "Zvichida iwe uchazviwanawo." "
Shilts akapfuurira mberi kuparidza kuti Dugas "akaita basa rinokosha mukuparadzira utachiona hutsva kubva kune rumwe rutivi rweUnited States kune rumwe."
Kunyanya kurumbidzwa kunogamuchirwa kwebhuku rose uye firimu rinotevera rakasimbiswa Dugas semuvakidzani wevachengeti vematambudziko, achitaura mhosva yekunyadzisa komudzimai wevanhukadzi. Mukuongorora kwavo kwebhuku, National Review yakanzi Dugas "Columbus AIDS," apo New York Post yakasvika kusvika pakuzivisa kuti "Murume Akagovana Nedu AIDS."
Muzviitiko zvose izvi, vhidhiyo yakaratidza "hupenyu husingaperi" hwemagariro evanhu vanoita gay sezvakatsanangurwa naShilts (uyo iye pachake akabudisa pachena hutachiwana hwake nguva pfupi asati afa muna 1994).
Mutsungirira Unobatsira we "Murwere Zero" Nhema
Saka zvakasimba ndiye "Mureza Zero" nhema yakagamuchira kuti migumisiro yayo yakave yakanzwika zvikuru kupfuura mitsara yeUnited States. Mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzeAfrica, uko maviri ehutachiona hwehutano uye manzwiro anorwisana-gay ari kukwirira, "Murwere Zero" ave kwenguva refu achishandiswa senzira yekupa mhosva uye kunyange kuranga vanodanana nevarume vanoita zvepabonde nokuda kwechirwere ichi chiri kuwedzera.
Munguva ichangopfuura sa2011, Dr. Sam Okuonzi weUganda Health Services Committee akataura kuti "mutachiona wekutanga weAIDS ... anonzi Gaetan Dugus (sic) ... anonzi Murwere Zero" waiva uchapupu hwokuti HIV yakapararira kubva kuU.S. kusvika kuAfrica semugumisiro weiwo ungochani zvepabonde. Okuonzi, anotsigira mutemo weAnor-gay gayira, akanga ataura pachena kuti ungochani hwaiva "kusina kuchena" kwakakodzera kuiswa mujeri uye kunyange rufu.
Mamwe maitiro anopesana nevechigayana akaitwa muZimbabwe, apo muna 2015 Mutungamiri wehutano David Parirenyatwa akasimbisa kuti ungochani ndicho chikonzero chema 28 muzana yehutachiwana hwehutachiwana mumajeri, pasinei nekuramba vasungwa makondomu kuti vazvidzivirire zviri nani.
Kunyangwe muUnited States, kupiwa mhosva kunokonzera kukanganisa kwevanhu vanoita zvepabonde, kusanganisira iyo yakareba yakatenda kuti varume vanoita zvepabonde vanoita se "bhiriji rehutachiona" kune vakadzi vanoita zvepabonde. Kunyange zvazvo idzi nedzimwe nhema dzisina kunyatsopupurirwa, dzinoramba dzichiwedzera kupesana kwehutano hwepabonde sekusvibiswa, kusaremekedzwa, kana kuti hune hupombwe.
Kutadza uye kushorwa zvinoramba zvichiratidza maonero evanhu nezveHIV. Izvo chaizvoizvo kuti US yakangoshandura zvakajeka gay ropa rekuvhara ropa muna 2016 inoratidza kuti kunyange sayenzi inogona kusunungurwa nekutya kusingadikanwi uye kupfuurira kwezvakaipa zvisina kunaka mu "chido chehutano hwevanhu." Mafungiro akadaro anowedzera kubhadhara uchapupu hwehutachiona hweHIV , kutyaira kunze kwevana makumi maviri kubva muzana zvevarume vane varume vane HIV vane hutachiona hwekuwana kuongororwa uye kubhadharwa kwehutachiona hwehutachiwana huri kuramba hunotambudza hutano hwevanhukadzi ( kunyanya varume vanoita zvepabonde) .
Kunyangwe kuregererwa kweGaëtan Dugas kuchachinja maonero aya asina kunaka haasi pachena. Chinonyatsojeka ndechekuti kuipa kwe "Murwere Zero" kunoshanda sechimwe chiyeuchidzo chine rima chekunyanya kusarura uye kutapurirana kwakanyatsobatanidzwa, kusimbisa avo "vaive vachiuya" kuitira kuti varatidze kusaita kwehurumende kana isu somumwe nomumwe.
> Sources:
> Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). "HIV pakati pevanhu muUnited States." Atlanta, Georgia.
Henry, W. "The Sall Appinging of Patience Zero." Nguva. Yakabudiswa naOctober 19, 1987.
> The Independent (Kampala). "Uganda: Kutanga kweHIV - Nhema uye Ichokwadi." Yakabudiswa musi waJuly 9, 2011.
> Mochone, T. "Mushumiri: Kuita zvepabonde kunokonzera hutachiona hweHIV muZimbabwe Prisons." Voice of Africa; Yakabudiswa August 14, 2015.
> Worobey, M .; Watts, T ;; McKay, R .; et al. "Ma1970 uye Murembera Zero HIV-1 Nyaya Inobatsira Kutanga Kuitika kweHIV neAIDS muUnited States." Nature. Svondo 2016; DOI: 10.1038 / nature19827.