Maitiro Azvo Anogadzirisa Azvo Achiri Kuda Nhasi
Maererano naNicoli Nattrass, munyori weAIDS Conspiracy: Sayenzi Inorwisanazve , AIDS inoramba ichinyorwa inogona kuratidzirwa nemabasa mana ekufananidzira:
- "Hero masayendisiti" - vanachiremba kana masayendisiti anoshandisa chero zvizivikanwa zvezvesayenzi vangave vachida kugadzira patina yemvumo yekutsvakurudza kusingabatsiri.
- "Rumbidzai vaimbi" - avo vanoshingaira vanokurudzira kukanganisa kukonzera kuvanhu, kazhinji pasi pekuvakwa kwehurukuro yekuzvimirira.
- "Kurarama mifananidzo" - vanhu vane HIV vanopa "uchapupu hupenyu" kuti imwe nzira yekugadzirisa inoita kuti vararame.
- "Cultropreneurs" - avo vanoshandisa chikonzero chekugadzirira sechirongwa chekutsvaga kweimwe nzira yekugadzirisa kana yekuwana mari.
Nyaya yepamusoro yevashanu vanoramba AIDS vanomiririra zvikamu zvezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvekufananidzira. Ivo vanoratidzirwa kwete chete pamusana pezvavakaita mune imwe nguva muhutano hweHIV asi pamagumisiro ayo mamwe emashoko avo kana zviito zvavo zvichiri kutakura nhasi.
BASA UP / San Francisco
BASA REAIDS (AIDS Coalition kune Unleash Power) ndiro boka reboka reEIDS rinopesana nemusangano rakatevedzerwa nemutambarakadzi Larry Kramer muna 1987. Kunyange zvazvo sangano rakarongedzerwa nekuita shanduko dzakanaka mukutsvakurudza kwezvinyorwa uye kushandiswa kwehutano hwevaya vanorarama neHIV, ACT ACT / Soro Francisco chitsauko chakaenda nenzira yakasiyana-siyana-kukakavhiringidza HIV sechikonzero cheAIDS, uye zvakasununguka kubva pamubereki mu2000.
Kunyange zvazvo zvikonzero zvavo zvakagamuchira kodzero dzemhuka, kusununguka gayana, vegetarianism nekusimudzirwa kwemishonga inopupurirwa, mhirizhonga dzavo dzaiwanzogadziriswa sevhisi yepamusoro-anarchic yemakaro evanhu uye kuora. Maererano newebsite yebhuku:
"Chokwadi ndechokuti vanhu havasi kufa neAIDS Vanhu vari kurwara uye vanofa kubva ... maziso ehupenyu hwezuva nezuva muhupfu hwehutu, kunamata huno, ozone kuvhara, mari inotungamirirwa, inoshandiswa nevanhu."
Pasinei nekuderera nhengo dzehutano mumakore akazotevera, kupesana kwavo kwakagadziriswa kwakakonzera kutsigirwa kubva kune vanofarira veVaPilitori vanotungamirira mutambi Chrissie Hynde (uyo akapa $ 5,000 pamusana) uye Vanhu veEthical Treatment of Animals (PETA), vaaifamba navo kupikisa kwekuongorora mhuka.
Yakanga iri, zvichida, iyo yakapararira, yakashata iyo yebasa reboka iro rakavabvumira kubvisa kutsigirwa kune avo vangave vakapokana nevanoramba kutenda kwavo. Mutungamiri weC ACT UP / SF, David Pasquarelli, akafa muna 2004 ava nemakore makumi matatu nemasere kubva pamatambudziko eHIV, asi mumwe mutungamiri Michael Bellefontaine akafa muna 2007 pazera remakore makumi mana nemasere ehutachiona husingazivikanwi.
Matthias Rath
Chizvarwa cheGermany chakaberekwa naMatthias Rath, vitamine magnate anozivikanwa zvikuru uye mukuru weDr. Rath Research Institute muCalifornia, akaita nhepfenyuro dzemarudzi akawanda apo akati mavitamini (ayo anoreva se "mishonga yemagetsi") anogona kubata zveHIV zvakasimba paanomiririra kuti antiretroviral zvinodhaka (maARV) zvose zvakashata uye zvine ngozi.
Munguva yakakura yehutachiona hweAIDS muSouth Africa muna 2005, sangano reRath rakagovera makumi ezviuru emabhurocha kumakwikwi mashoma emaguta ekukurudzira vane vagari vane HIV kuti vasiye ma ARV uye vashandise mavitamini panzvimbo.
Nguva pfupi yapfuura, Rath akaendeswa kumatare kuti aite mavitamini maitiro asingagamuchirwi (umo vanhu vanoverengeka vakaudzwa kuti vafa) uye akazobvumidzwa kubvisa zvimwe zviziviso zvinokurudzira mishonga yake kana kuti kupfuurira kutsvakurudza mukati meSouth Africa.
Kubatsigirwa kunoonekwa nehurumende-VaSouth African Health Minister Manto Tshabalala-Msimang uye Medicines Control Council vakadanwawo mune sutu-zvinoratidza kuti Rath's dissident claims.
Christine Maggiore
Christine Maggiore aifungidzirwa nevakawanda kuti ave mumiriri wemwana weAIDS dissident movement. Muvambi wesangano, Alive & Well AIDS Alternatives, Maggiore vakakurudzira maonero ekuti HIV haina kukonzera AIDS uye akarayira vakadzi vakazvitakura vane HIV kuti vasatora maARV.
Maggiore akaonekwa kuti ane HIV muna 1992. Kunyange zvazvo pakutanga akashanda semuzvipiri ane avo vanoona nezveHIV vane hutano hwakanaka seAIDS Project Los Angeles nevakadzi vari pangozi, yakanga iri pamusangano weAIDS, Dennisberg, mutongi weAIDS, kuti akatanga kushingaira kumubvunza sayenzi. Akaita zvinyorwa zvishomanana mushure mekutengesa maARV panguva yaive nepamuviri uye akazonyaradza mwana wake, Eliza Jane paaifunga kuti HIV haina chaipo.
Saka kumanikidzira kwaiva Maggiore semushandi uyo hurumende yeSouth Africa yakamukoka kuti aratidze paIndaneti yeAIDS yose yeAIDS muna2002. Kusangana kwake nemukuru wehurumende, VaThabo Mbeki, vakataurirwa kuti vakagadzirisa chisarudzo chake chekuvhara mari yekutsvakurudza kwezvehutano pamusoro pevakadzi vane pamuviri vane HIV.
Kunze kwekukwanisa kwaMaggiore kuwana rubatsiro kubva kune avo vakamuona sechirongwa chetariro, akawanzogara achiita-uye dzimwe nguva kupisa-kutaridzirwa kwemashoko kubva kune avo vaibvunza kana aizonyatsozvifira nokuda kwechikonzero ichocho, sezvo hutano hwake hwakatanga kutadza. (Zvimwe, panguva imwecheteyo, muongorori weHIV anonzi Zackie Achmat akacherechedza nyika dzese nekuda kwekunwa maARV kusvikira hurumende yeSouth Africa yakabvuma kugovera mishonga kuvanhu vakawanda.)
Pakati pevatsigiri vaMaggiore vaiva nhengo dzeboka redombo, vaFoo Fighters, avo vakaronga mutengesi unobhadharwa naye mugore ra2001 (chimiro chavakabva kubva pa web site ravo). Eliza Jane akafa pazera remakore matatu epneumocystis pneumonia . Maggiore akafa muna 2008 pazera remakore makumi mashanu nemasere ekuparadzirwa kwemaperembudzi ake uye zvirwere zvepineumonia.
Dr. Peter Duesberg
Peter Duesberg inonyanya kufungidzirwa kuti baba veAIDS dissident movement. Akaberekwa muna 1936 muGermany, Duesberg akawana mukurumbira mukuru mubasa rake rokutanga nokuda kwekutsvakurudza kwake nezvemapurogiramu anokonzera kenza uye akakurumidza kusimuka mukurumbira, pakupedzisira achipiwa mukana wezera makore 36 kubva kuYunivhesiti yeCalifornia, Berkeley.
Zvisinei, nekutanga kweAIDS mhirizhonga muna 1987, Duesberg yakava nheyo yekupesana kwezvesayenzi nekufungidzira kuti zvinodhaka zvinodhaka zvakadai se alkyl nitrates (inozivikanwawo se "poppers") ndizvo zvakakonzera AIDS uye kuti HIV pachayo yakanga isingakuvadzi. Akazoenderera mberi achiisa maARV semafungiro ekurwisa kwechirwere.
Kunyange zvazvo Duesberg akakwanisa kugadzira rubatsiro mumazuva ekutanga edambudziko-kusanganisira Nobel Prize biochemist Kary Banks Mullis (uyo airemekedzwa, asinganzwisisiki, nokuda kwebasa rake pakombiyuta yePCR yakashandiswa mukuedza kuongororwa kwehutachiwana ) -iyo isati yasvika musangano wake neapo- Mutungamiri weSouth Africa, Thabo Mbeki, kuti Duesberg ane simba rakanyatsonzwa.
Muna 2000, Duesberg akakokwa (pamwe chete nevamwe vanyori vanodzivisa Harvey Bialy, David Rasnick, Robert Giraldo, Sam Mhlongo, naEtienne de Harven) kuti vagare paMbeki's Advisory Panel pamusoro peHIV neAIDS, iyo inofanirwa kufungidzirwa yakaita kuti Mbeki aratidze kuti "zvakaonekwa kwandiri kuti hatigoni kupa mhosva zvose pane imwe chirwere."
Mbeki's unyielding stance pamusoro peHIV-kunyange kushivirira kwake pakushandisa "HIV neAIDS" kuenzanidza kuparadzanisa vaviri-kwakanzi ndiro chikonzero chikuru chekupedzisira kubviswa kubva muhofisi muna 2008. Paakataura nezvekuita kwaDuesberg kuSouth Africa, Max Essex weHarvard School weHuzhinji Hwehutano, akabvunzurudza kana Duesberg aingova "kungovhiringidza kune sangano rezvesayenzi" kana kuti "kuita kuti kuurayiwa kwevanhu vakawanda" kuve kwekufa kunokonzerwa nemakore ekuramba kwehurumende. Duesberg anoenderera mberi kuparidzira zvinyorwa zvake zvinopesana, munguva pfupi yapfuura munaDecember 2011 nyaya yeIndaneti inodzokorora Journal of Anatomy uye Embryology.
Mutungamiri wekare-South Africa, Thabo Mbeki
Zvingava zvakajeka kwazvo kugumisa kuti maitiro emunhu wekare-Mutungamiri weSouth Africa weThabo Mbeki akatungamirirwa ne "kusangana pamwe chete" kwemaonero akafanana, kana kuti "nenzira yakasvibiswa" nevashori vaakasarudza kumira.
Kubva pamazuva ake okutanga seSeki Mutevedzeri weNelson Mandela, Mbeki akaonekwa achida kugamuchira "maAfrica mhinduro" kune chirwere pamusoro peavo vese ve "Western" sainzi. Pane imwe nguva, izvi zvaisanganisira kushandiswa kwemasimba ane simba anonzi Virodene, ayo akaedzwa zvisina kukodzera kune vanhu muSouth Africa neTanzania.
Mune zvizhinji zveMbeki hurukuro pamusoro pezve HIV, pane nguva dzakawanda pasi pekurwisana kwemakoroniyasi kana mazano kuti HIV ndiyo nzira iyo "West" inogona kushandisa, kushandisa kana kudzvinyirira vanhu veAfrica.
Muzvinyorwa zvakabudiswa nemunyori wenhau Mark Gevisser, Mbeki akafananidza kuenzaniswa neAIDS masayendisiti kumasasa ekutambudzikira eNazi madzimai uye vanhu vemadire avo vakabvuma maitiro eAIDS sciences se "self-repressed" avo vakaurayiwa. Mukururamisa chisarudzo chake chekuvhara kuparadzirwa kwemaARV kuvanhu vose, Mbeki akafanotaurawo achiti:
"Ndinoshamiswa nekutsunga kwevanhu vakawanda munyika yedu kuti vape zvipupuriro zvose zvouchenjeri kuti vaite sevatengesi vezvibereko zvekambani imwe yemishonga."
Nemhaka yokuti anoramba asina kugadzikana mukutarisana nekufa kwevanhu vanorwara nehutachiona hweHIV, vazhinji vakafunga kuti AIDS yakaramba kushandiswa mazano ezvematongerwo enyika e Mbeki, ichimubvumira kugamuchira mitemo isina kukodzera neyemagariro eWestern "experts".
Kubva sezvo Mbeki yakabviswa kubva muhofisi muna 2008, kune kuve nekushanduka kukuru muSouth Africa , iyo nhasi inoshanda chirongwa chikuru cheARV munyika yose. Asi maererano neHarvard University tsvakurudzo, kunonoka kunotyisa kwekupindura kwakaita kuti pave nehuwandu hwehutachiwana hweHIV hunosvika 340 000, 170 000 hutachiona hutsva, uye 35,000 vana vakaberekerwa vane HIV pakati pemakore 1999 ne2007. Asi Mbeki inoramba isingazivikanwi, ichitaura mubvunzurudzo yeNewsweek mu March 2016:
"Nei hurumende yeSouth Africa ... yakatarisirwa kuisa pfungwa pachitanhatu chekutungamira chikonzero chekufa sekuda kubata zvishoma zvakanyanya uye zvakakosha kutanga kwechisere chinokonzera rufu, kunyange kutorwa pamwechete?"
> Sources:
Natrass, N. "Mhirizhonga yeAIDS: sayenzi inorwisana zvakare." Columbia University Press, New York City. Yakabudiswa 2012; 225 p .; ISBN: 9780231149129.
Mulwo, A .; Tomaselli, K .; uye Francis, M. "HIV / AIDS uye hurukuro dzokuramba muzasi kweSahara Africa: An Afro-optimist response?" International Journal of Cultural Studies. 2012; 0 (0): 1-16.
Linzer, J. "AIDS 'Anoramba' Anotsvaka Ruregerero ... uye Murapi weCancer." Tsvaga. May 15, 2008.
Natrass, N. "Kufungidzira zvakarashika zvakakosha zvekushandiswa kwemishonga inonzi antiretroviral muSouth Africa." Nhoroondo yeAkawana Immune Deficiency Syndrome. December 1, 2008; 49 (4): 410-415.
Gaffey, C. "Mutungamiri wekuSouth Africa weThabo Mbeki Anotanga Nekupesana kweHIV Mhinduro." Newsweek; rakabudiswa paIndaneti March 8, 2016.