Mupiro wekuziva Chikonzero cheAIDS Chiripo chakasimbiswa mukukakavara
Nhoroondo yeHIV inongova yakaoma. Mukutanga kwema1980, zviduku zvaizivikanwa nezvechirwere chisingazivikanwi chaive chiri kuuraya zviuru zvevanhu maitiro avo ezvirwere zvekudzivirira zvirwere zvaikurumidza kuputsika, zvichiita kuti zvive nyore kuwanda kwezvinhu zvinotyisa zvoupenyu.
Mumwe wemasayendisiti akatendwa nekuziva chikonzero chechirwere-kubata muviri kwehutachiwana hwe HIV (aiva HIV) -waRobert Gallo uyo, pamwe nevashandi vake, vakabudisa tsvakurudzo yavo muScience magazini muna1984.
Saka nei, mugore ra2008, apo Nobel Prize for Medicine yakapiwa kuFrance va -disco-vape Luc Montagnier naFrançoise Barré-Sinouss i, ainzi Gallo haana kubatanidzwa here?
Basa Rokutanga kusvika Kuwanikwa kweHIV
Robert Charles Gallo akaberekwa muna 1937 uye, mushure mokunge aita zvekurapa kwake paYunivhesiti yeChicago, akava muongorori weNational Cancer Institute, nzvimbo yaakabata kwemakore makumi matatu. Gallo anobvuma kuti chisarudzo chake chekutsvaga basa mumutsvakurudzi wekenza chakakonzerwa nekufa kwehanzvadzi yake kune kenza.
Zvizhinji zvekutsvakurudza kwaGallo neIchikoro zvakatarira paT-cell leukocytes , kemutsetse yemasero machena eropa izvo zvinokosha kumuviri wemuviri wemuviri. Nheyo yekutsvakurudza yakatungamirira Gallo neboka rake kukura T-seli uye kuvhara mavairusi anovabata, kusanganisira imwe inonzi munhu T-cell leukemia virus (kana kuti HTLV).
Apo nhau dzekushamisa "chirwere chemhombwe" dzakatanga kuziviswa muUnited States muna 1982, Gallo neboka rake vakashandura kuratidza izvo zvavaidavira kuti maiva nehutachiona hwehutachiona zvichikonzera kukurumidza kukurumidza kweT-seli muvarwere vanorwara uye vanofa.
Panguva imwecheteyo Montagnier neshamwari yake Barré-Sinoussi wePisitut Pasteur vakanga vachitsvakawo zvavaidavira kuti ndiro chirwere chechirwere chavakanga vava kunzi AIDS (vakawana immune deficiency syndrome) . Kutsvakurudza kwavo kwakaita kuti kuwanikwa kwezvavaidaidza kuti lymphadenopathy inosangana ne virus (LAV), iyo yavakatsanangura ndiyo yaiva iyo yakakonzera AIDS iyi muna 1983.
Nokuda kwavo, Gallo neboka rake vakaparadzanisa hutachiona vakanyora HTLV-3 uye vakaparadzira nyaya dzakasiyana-siyana, vachikwanisa kufanana zvakafanana naMontagnier neshamwari yake Barré-Sinoussi.
Zvakanga zviri muna 1986 chete kuti mavairusi maviri-HTLV-3 neAVV-vakavimbiswa kuti vaiva hutachiona humwechete, mushure mokutumidzwa zita reHIV.
Co-Discovery Inoita Kuti Nharo DzaNobel Ivepo
Muna 1986, Gallo akapiwa mutambo wepamusoro we Lasker Mutambo wekuwana kwake HIV. Kusiyana kwakakanganiswa nekunzwa kusina kufanana kweGarlo mubhuku uye Bhengi Rakatamba naRandy Shilts, pamwe neHBO TV movie yezita rimwe chete .
Pakazosvika 1989, mutori wenhau anotsvaga John Crewdson akadhinda imwe nyaya yakaratidza kuti Gallo akashandisa zvidzidzo zveRVV kubva kuItitut Pasteur, akapomera kuti akazobviswa pashure pokunge apfurwa ne National Institutes of Health (NIH).
Maererano nemushumo weNIH, Montagnier yakatumira sarudzo yevirusi kubva kune murwere anorwara kuenda kuNational Cancer Institute pamusoro pekumbira kwaGallo. Pasingazivi kuMagagnier, muenzaniso wacho wakanga wakasvibiswa nerimwe girasi-iyo imwechete iyo team yeFrench yaizogadza seLaV. Muenzaniso wehutachiona hwakabva hwasimbiswa kuti hwakasvibiswa neGallo's pooled culture, zvichiita kuti pave nenyaya yakakanganisika zvikuru yekunyora-munyore munhoroondo yeAIDS tsvakurudzo.
Izvo zvakaitika muna 1987 chete kuti gakava rakagadziriswa, uye zvose zveUnited States neFrance zvakabvumirana kuparadzanisa mari kubva kune kodzero dzepamutemo. Nenguva ino, zvisinei, zita raGallo rave rakavhiringidzwa kwazvo, uye pasinei nenyaya yegore ra2002 mumagazini yeScience (umo Gallo neMontagnier vakabvumirana nezvekugoverana kweumwe neumwe kune kuwanikwa), chete Montagnier naBarre-Sinoussi vakagamuchirwa kuburikidza ne 2008 Nobel Prize Committee .
Gwaro Rinoenderera Mberi kuAIDS Research
Pasinei neizvi, mupiro waGallo kuongororo yeAIDS hauna kupokana. Pamusoro pekubatana kweHIV, Gallo anonzi anopa ruzivo rwekutsvakurudza ruzivo rwakakosha kuti uwedzere kutanga kuongororwa kweHIV.
Muna 1996, Gallo nevamwe vake vakagadzira Institute of Human Virology, sangano iro rakapiwa $ 15 mamiriyoni kubva kuBill & Melinda Gates Foundation nokuda kwekutsvakurudza kwekudzivirira zvirwere zveHIV.
Muna 2011, Gallo akasika Global Virus Network nechinangwa chekuwedzera kubatana pakati pevanotsvaga hutachiona uye kukurira mikana mukutsvakurudza.
Sources:
Montagnier, L. "Nyaya yezvakaitika kare. Nhoroondo yekuwana HIV." Sayenzi . November 2002: 298 (5599): 1727-1728.
Gallo, R. "Nyaya yezvakaitika kare. Makore ekutanga eHIV / AIDS." Sayenzi . November 2002: 298 (5599): 1728-1730.
Gallo, R. naMontagnier, L. "Nyaya yezvakaitika kare." Tarisiro yeramangwana. " Sayenzi . November 2002: 298 (5599): 1730-1. doi: 10.1126 / scien ce.1079864. PMID 12459577.