MuUnited States, varume vanoita zvepabonde vari pangozi yakawandisa yekuwana HIV neAIDS. Pakati pa2012 na2015, 68 muzana yehutachiwana hweHIV vaiva pakati pevarume vanoita zvepabonde nevarume. Ngozi yacho yakanyanya kukwirira kune varume vanoita zvepabonde. Sei varume vanoita zvepabonde vakawanda vachiwana HIV?
Kune zvikonzero zvakawanda zvinoita kuti varume vanoita zvepabonde nevarume vanoita zvepabonde vari pangozi yakanyanya yeHIV pane ivo vakarurama.
Zvimwe zvezvikonzero zvipenyu. Mimwe mhando dzepabonde dzepabonde dzinongowedzera kutapurira HIV. Zvimwe zvikonzero zvinoratidza hutano hwevanhu pamusoro pekuti varume vanoita zvepabonde nevarume (MSM) vanogara sei munyika uye vanobatwa neshamwari.
Maitiro eBiology Anowedzera Sei Njodzi yeHIV yeGay naBvexual Men
Havazi vose vanoita zvepabonde vanonakidzwa nekurara pabonde. Zvisinei, kubatana pabonde ndeimwe yezvikonzero zvikonzero varume vanoita zvepabonde vane huwandu hwehutachiona hweHIV. Masayendisiti akafungidzira kuti chiyero chekutapurika kweHIV panguva yepabonde rehupombwe inopetwa ka18 pane yakawanda munguva yepabonde . Dambudziko rekuwana HIV panguva yechiito chepabonde chisina kudzivirirwa inofungidzirwa kuva 1.4 muzana.
Vamwe varume nevakadzi vanoita zvepabonde vanofarirawo zvepabonde. Zvisinei, pane chimwe chinhu chinokonzerwa nehupombwe chinoita kuti vagari vemukomana vagone kuita zvepabonde kune varume vanoita zvepabonde. Ivo vanowanzoita zvekuita "zvose" uye "kukurumidza", kana kupinda mukati uye kugamuchira. Izvi zvinonzwisiswa sekushandurwa kwebasa , uye zvakaratidzwa kuwedzera ngozi yekutapukira kweHIV.
Sei? Varume vanoita zvinogamuchirwa, vasina unprotected anal sex are at high risk of contracting HIV . Varume vanoita zvekudzivirira, vanorara vasina kunzvidzivirira vanogona kutapurira HIV kune vavakaroorana navo. Apo varume vanoita zvose zviri zviviri, kusanganiswa kwezviito zvinogadzirisa kupararira kweHIV mune imwe nzira isingaonekwi mumurume nemudzimai vakaroorana.
Muvanhu vakaroorana vakaroorana, varume vanonyanya kupinda mukati uye vakadzi vanofanira kupinda. Nemhaka yeizvi, HIV inonyanya kupararira kubva kumurume nemudzimai kune mudzimai.
Nzira yeSocial Inobata Sei Nengozi yeHIV pakati pevarume nevarume vanoita zvepabonde?
Haisi kungofanana nehupenyu hunoita kuti varume vanoita zvepabonde vagone kuwana HIV. Nzvimbo dzezvemagariro dzinobhadharawo basa. Kunyanya, zvakaratidzirwa kuti h o kupera kunoita kuti zvive zvakaoma kuti varume vegayane vawane rubatsiro rwehutano. Mamwe maitiro emutemo uye kusarura kwevanhu munharaunda inoita kuti vasvikewo. Kusava nekuwana kwakakwana kwekutarisira kunogona kuita kusiyana kukuru mukupararira kweHIV. Inogona kutungamirira kunonoka kuongororwa uye kurapwa kwehutachiona hweHIV. Izvo chaizvo zvinosuruvarisa. Vanhu kazhinji vanonyanya kutapurirwa munguva yehutachiwana hwemutsva (itsva) . Izvi zvinonyanya kuitika kana vasingazivi kuti vane utachiona. Kukurumidza, kurapa kunobudirira kunokosha zvakare, sezvo kurapa kunoderedza kusagadzikana. Kutaura zvazviri, ndicho chirevo chinotevera kurapwa sekudzivirira. Saka, kunonoka kwehutano hwehutano hunowedzera huwandu hweHIV pakati peSMS.
Mukuwedzera, mamwe mapoka evarume vanoita zvepabonde ari pangozi yakanyanya kune imwe chikonzero. Ngozi yavo yakakwirira nokuti vazhinji vavo vanogona kubatwa nehosha.
Apo vanhu vakawanda vari munharaunda vane HIV, kune ngozi yakawanda yokuti mumwe munhu achabudiswa pachena. Izvi zvinonyanya kunetseka kune MSM yakasviba. Vanowanzotarisana mukati mevanhu vashoma kwazvo, munharaunda yakawanda. Sezvakadai, njodzi yavo yeHIV inowanzopfuura iyo yevamwe MSM. Izvo ichokwadi kunyange kana maitiro avo uye mararamiro avo ehupenyu akachengeteka.
Semuenzaniso, MSM yakasviba muUnited States inowanikwa katatu kuti inogona kuva neHIV semamwe MSM, Ichokwadi ichokwadi, asi, kazhinji, havakwanise kupinda mumitemo ine ngozi. Somuenzaniso, havakwanisi kushandisa madhiragi munguva dzepabonde. Zvisinei, haisi kungova pangozi yevakasangana navo iyo inokonzera izvi kusiyana.
Kuenzaniswa kune mamwe maSMM ane HIV, MSM yakasviba neHIV hainawo mikana yeku:
Nyaya idzi dzinoratidza kurongeka kwehutano hwehutano hwakasiyana nehupenyu. Izvozvo hazvigumi kune HIV kana kuti MSM yakasviba.
Kutaura nezveStigma Inokonzera Vanhu Kudana AIDS kuGay Disease
Vanhu dzimwe nguva vanozvidza varume vanoita zvepabonde nekuda kwehutano hwavo hweHIV. Vanotaura kuti vanobatana nemitemo ye riskier, kana kuti vanoita tsika dzakanaka pamusoro pezvinoreva kuva gayari. Zvisinei, AIDS haisi chirwere chechirwere. Zvechokwadi, kumativi ose enyika, maitiro akawanda ehutachiona hweHIV anotapararira kuburikidza nehupombwe hwepabonde. Saka sei varume vanoita zvepabonde vanotora HIV? Masayendisiti akayera kuti 80-90 muzana yehutachiwana hweHIV mune varume vanoita zvepabonde vaizopera kana chirwere chekutengesa panguva yepabonde chikafanana chakafanana munguva yepabonde. Kusarura kwemaitiro kunogonawo kuderedza nhamba ne20-50 muzana. Kuisa zvinhu zviviri izvi pamwe chete zvinogona kubvisa zvakanyanya se 95 muzana yehutachiona hweHIV hunoonekwa mumurume wepabonde. Mune mamwe mazwi, haisi kunyanya kuzvibata kunoisa varume vanoita zvepabonde pamatambudziko akadai eHIV. Iyo biology.
Kuwedzera kwekuwana kusaruramisira kwehutano kunobatsirawo zvakare.Imagine nyika iyo varume vanoita zvepabonde vainzwa vakachengeteka vachiratidza dambudziko ravo repabonde kuvarapi vavo. Izvozvo zvinogona kuita kusiyana kukuru. Vanogona kuongororwa kakawanda. Ipapo vaigona kurapa nokukurumidza. Nekudaro, kurapwa kwekutanga kunoderedza ngozi yevarume vanotapurirana navo pamwe nekuvandudza hutano hwavo. Zvinosuruvarisa, kuti maCDC anokurudzira kuongororwa kweHIV (kune munhu wese, kwete kungoita zvevarume chete) haana kuve nekukwanisa kwakakwana. Vanachiremba vashoma zvikuru uye makiriniki vave vachinyatsotevera mitemo.
Nenzira, pane zviratidzo zvekuti zvinhu zvingave zvichivandudza. Apo dhiyabhorosi dhiyabhorosi yakasunungurwa ichiratidza kuti kuderedza huwandu hwehutachiona hunoderedza mikana yekutapurira zvepabonde kweHIV, mitemo yakashanduka. Maguta makuru akatanga kukurudzira kuwanikwa kwehutachiona hweHIV. Vakabvisa mitemo ine chokuita neCD4 count iyo yaireva vanhu vane HIV vaifanira kumirira kuti vatange kurapwa. Kuchinja uku kunogona kuva chinhu chikuru kune vasikana vanoita sarayidiscordant gay. Kuderedza hutachiwana hwehutachiona hwehutachiwana hahusi ihwohwo hutano hunobudirira chaizvo. Inobatsirawo kuchengetedza vashandi vavo zvepabonde kuchengeteka kubva kune utachiona. Kuwanikwa kwechiitiko ichi, chinozivikanwa se " kurapwa sekudzivirira " kunoramba kuchidzokorora hurongwa hweHIV muUnited States Inoshandurawo nzira iyo vanachiremba uye masayendisiti vanotarisa kudzivirira HIV kune dzimwe nyika.
> Sources:
> Beyrer, C., Baral, SD, vanGriensven, F. Goodreau, SM, Chariyalerstak, S., Wirtz, A., & Brookmeyer, R. (2012) Global epidemiology yehutachiona hweHIV mune varume vanoita zvepabonde nevarume. The Lancet . 380 (9839): 367-377
> Centres for Disease Control and Prevention. Inofungidzira kuitika kweHIV uye kupararira muUnited States, 2010-2015. Kuongororwa kweHIV Kuchengetedza Mhinduro 2018; 23 (Kwete 1). http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/library/reports/hiv-surveillance.html. Yakabudiswa muna March 2018. Yakasvika musi waMarch 27, 2018.
> Goldman DP, Juday T, Linthicum MT, Rosenblatt L, Tsvaga D. Tarisiro yezera risina HIV rinogona kunge risvika kana zvikwangwani zvakarurama zvakasarudzwa. Health Aff (Millwood). 2014 Mar; 33 (3): 428-33. doi: 10.1377 / hlthaff.2013.1280.
> INSIGHT START Gwaro Rekudzidza. Ini nitiation yeAntiretroviral Therapy in Early Asymptomatic HIV Infection. N Engl J Med. 2015 Aug 27; 373 (9): 795-807. doi: 10.1056 / NEJMoa1506816.
>>>>>> &> Remis, RS (2012)> Millett, GA, Peterson, JL, Flores, SA, Hart, TA, Jeffries, WL, Wilson, PA, Rourke, SB, Heilig, CM, Elford, J., Fenton, KA Kufananidza kwekusawirirana uye njodzi dzekutapukirwa neHIV mune vanhu vemafu nevamwe varume vanoita zvepabonde nevarume muCanada, UK, uye USA: meta-analysis. The Lancet . 380 (9839): 341-348