Kunzwisisa Kusiyanisa Pakati Peva Virus uye Stage of Disease
VHIV ndiyo inonyanya kuzivikanwa nehutachiwana hwehutachiona hwehutachiwana . Icho chirwere chetachiona chakasarudzwa nemasayendisiti se retrovirus , chinokonzera zvirwere kuburikidza nekuputira nekuuraya masero eropa (anozivikanwa seCD4 T-cells) pakati penhengo dzomuviri wemuviri. Sezvo aya masero ari kucheneswa zvishoma nezvishoma, muviri unoita zvisingakwanisi kudziviririra pachawo kune dzimwe zvirwere zvakafanana.
AIDS ndiyo inonyorwa kuti yakawana immunodeficiency syndrome. Icho chikamu chekutapukirwa kweHIV apo musimba wevanhu unenge wakanganisa, uchisiya mutumbi ukazaruka zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana zvinogona kuuraya zvinonzi sechirwere chetachiona .
Sezvo zvakadaro, HIV inogona kuonekwa sechikonzero uye AIDS iyo inokonzera utachiona hwakadaro.
Chii Chinonzi Retrovirus?
A retrovirus inonzi "retro" nokuti inoshandura maitiro ayo ekutengesa. Muzvisikwa zvipenyu zvakawanda, seni inowanikwa maitiro edzikodhi yakanyorwa kubva kuDNA kusvika kuRNA. A retrovirus yakasiyana neyokuti inoshanda mune zvakasiyana-siyana, achishandura iyo RNA coding kuti ibudise DNA mukati memusero une utachiona.
Kana izvi zvikaitika, DNA itsva ichangobva kubudiswa inoiswa mumusasa wechipinda chemajeri, ichikurumidza kuvhara maitiro ayo ega kuitira kuti igadzire makopi akawanda ega, imwe neimwe inogona kuuraya uye kuuraya dzakawanda zveimwe masero ekuchengetedza.
HIV inofanirwa kutarisa masero machena eropa anonzi "mubatsiri" T-seli Mukuru pakati peiyi ma CD4 T-seli, ane basa rinoita kuti zvirwere zvemuviri zvirongedzwe.
Nokugadzirisa kuvhara masero aya ezvirwere zvemuviri, HIV inoderedza kukwanisa kwemuviri kuziva uye kusimbisa hutachiona hunopinda, pamwe chete nehuwandu hwevamwe vashandi (semuenzaniso, hutachiona, bhakitiriya, maronda) zvinogona kuzvidzivirira pachazvo.
Chii Chinoitika Kana Iwe Uine Utachiona hweHIV?
HIV inonyanya kupararira kuburikidza nekuita zvepabonde, kupinda muropa kwekushandisa zvinodhaka, kuratidzira ropa, nekuparidzirwa kubva kuna amai kuenda kumwana panguva yekuzvitakura.
HIV haikwanise kupararira kuburikidza nekutuka, misodzi, saliva, feces, kana urini.
Munguva yehutachiona hwekutanga (achirwere) , HIV inobatanidza nesimba, kuuraya uye kuparadza nhamba yakawanda yeCD4 T-seli. Mukupindura, muviri wekudzivirirwa kwezvirwere zvemuviri unoshanda, uye utachiona hunoendeswa pasi pesimba.
Munguva iyi isati yasingaperi yehutachiona, hutachiona hahuperi. Pane kudaro, inopinda munguva ye latency, iyo inogona kupedzisira kune imwe kubva pamakore masere kusvika kune gumi nemaviri. Munguva ino, hutachiona hucharamba huchinyora zvinyararire, kazhinji kacho kana pasina zviratidzo zvehutano . Kutaura zvazviri, inowanzotanga apo hutachiona hunobatsira hunotanga kuonekwa kuti munhu anototanga kufungidzira kuti angave ane HIV. Panguva ino, maitiro ezvirwere zvezvirwere zvezvirwere zvinowanzoshaya simba, dzimwe nguva zvakanyanya.
Mukuwedzera kune rusununguko runotenderera HIV, chikamu chetachiona chinonzi provirus chichazvipinza mumasero uye masukisi emuviri anonzi latent matanda . Aya mabhairi akavanzwa anopa HIV nzvimbo nekudzivirira kubva pakuonekwa kubva mumuviri wezvidziviriro zvekudzivirira muviri. Kunyange kana HIV ichiiswa pasi pesimba nekushandiswa kwemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya , ava proviral agents vanogona kuramba, vakagadzirira kudzoka zvakare seAIDS yakazara nguva apo kurapwa kunokundikana kana maitiro ezvirwere zvinopera.
Chii Chinoitika Kana Munhu Akaonekwa NeAIDS?
AIDS haisi chirwere pane imwe chete asi panzvimbo yechipatara chekutachiwana kweHIV apo masimba ezvirwere zvemuviri anonyatsopindira. Nenzira, AIDS inotsanangurwa kana iine CD4 count yepasi pemasero mazana maviri nemamiriyoni (micoliter (μL) kana kuti kuongororwa kwezvinonzi chirwere chinorondedzera AIDS .
(Kazhinji CD4 inongororwa yakaenzana kubva pakati pe800 kusvika 1600 masero pa μL.)
Kana ikasatenderwa, muvharo wekusara nguva yekuti munhu ane AIDS ave pakati pemwedzi mitanhatu ne19. Kusiyana neizvi, ane makore makumi matatu nemashanu anotanga kupora antiretroviral therapy (ART) anogona kukwanisa kurarama hupenyu hunoenzana nehuwandu hwevanhu vazhinji , maererano nekutsvakurudza kubva kuUnited States
Chidzidzo cheKubatsira HIV Chikoro.
Pakupedzisira, kurapwa chinhu chinokosha pakudzivirira zvirwere zvine chokuita neHIV uye kudzorerwa kwezvirwere. Kunyange kune vanhu vane zvirwere zvakanyanya, kushandiswa kweART kunogona kudzivisa kukwanisa kweHIV kubatazve, nokudaro kubvumira CD4 T-seli kuti idzoke zvakare kune-yakasununguka (uye mune dzimwe nguva, yakarongeka) maitiro.
Uyezve, kutsvakurudza kubva kuUnited-sponsed Strategic Timing yeAnterretroviral Treatment (START) kuedza kwakagumisa kuti kutanga kwokutanga kweART kwakaiswa kune 53 muzana kunowedzera mukana wehutachiona hweHIV uye husina HIV.
Somugumisiro weizvi nezvimwe zvidzidzo, zvose World Health Organization (WHO) uye Dhipatimendi reUnited Health and Human Services nhasi inotsigira kuiswa kweAIDS nenguva yekuongorora , zvisinei nokuti CD4 inotarwa nomunhu, chirwere chechirwere, nzvimbo, kana mari.
Global HIV / AIDS Statistics
Sezvo yakagadziriswa muna 1981, HIV yakanzi inouraya vanhu vanopfuura mamiriyoni makumi matatu munyika yose. Munyika yose, kune vanhu vanopfuura mamiriyoni 35 vanogara neHIV nhasi, 69% avo vari muSouth Africa neSahara.
MuUnited States, vanenge 1.2 mamiriyoni vane utachiona hweHIV, maererano nekucherechedza kubva kuCenters for Disease Control nekudzivirira muAtlanta. Pakati idzi, 20-25% inofungidzirwa kuti haisati yawanikwa.
Kunyange zvazvo kuwedzerwa kushandiswa kweAIDS kwakaderera zvakaderera kuwanda kwevakafa-nehutachiona hweAIDS , zvose muUnited States uye kune dzimwe nyika, kuwanda kwehutachiona hutsva huri kuramba huchikwira munyika dzakawanda dzakapararira, kusanganisira South Africa apo nhamba ye HIV inowanikwa inowedzera ne100 000 kubva muna 2010 kusvika 2011 chete.
IWIV neUnited Nations dzakaronga kuchinja mararamiro aya nekushandiswa kwekutora 90-90-90 , iyo inofanirwa kuwedzera kwezvirongwa zvehutano hwepasi ne:
- kusimbisa hutachiwana hutachiwana hunokwana 90 muzana yevanhu vose vanotapukirwa neHIV;
- kuisa 90% kune avo vakatsigirwa nezveraretroviral therapy, uye;
- Iva nechokwadi chokuti 90% yevaya vari kurapwa vanogona kuzadzikisa kukonzerwa kwehutachiona hwakakwana.
Nokuita kudaro, zvinofungidzirwa kuti hutachiona hwehutachiona hwepasi pose hunogona kupedzisira huri nyore kusvika 200 000 hutachiona nechinangwa chema2030.
Sources:
National Institutes of Health (NIH). "Kutanga antiretroviral therap y kutanga kunowedzera migumisiro yevanhu vanotapukirwa neHIV." Bethesda, Maryland; yakabudiswa musi waMay 27, 2015.
May, M .; Gompels, M .; uye Sabin, C. "Tarisiro yehupenyu hweHIV-1-vanhu vanoita zvinhu zvakagadziriswa zvakagadziriswa pamhinduro yekurapa mahararetroviral: Chikoro cheKubatanidzwa cheHurumende cheHIV." Zvinyorwa zveSouth AIDS AIDS Society. November 11, 2012; 15 (4): 18078.
Iyo INSIGHT START Chidzidzo Chekudzidza. "Kutanga kweAntiretroviral Therapy muAt Early Asymptomatic HIV Infection." New England Journal of Medicine. July 20, 2015; DOI: 10.1056 / NEJMoa1506816.
Human Sciences Resource Council (HSRC). "South Africa National Prevalence HIV, Kutevedzera uye Maitiro Ekuongorora, 2012." Pretoria, South Africa; December 2014.
United Nations Joint Program pamusoro peHIV / AIDS (UNAIDS). "Kufambisa Nzira: Kupedzisa AIDS Kuparara kwema2030." Geneva, Switzerland; yakabudiswa musi waDecember 1, 2014.