Zvinonyanya kugamuchirwa kuti HIV-1 yakatanga semugumisiro wehuwandu (kana kusanganiswa) yematambudziko maviri e simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) -mwe kubva kumabvu-macpedy macedy uye imwe kubva panzvimbo yakawanda isina monkey. SIV yakashandurwa yakabva yatenda kuti yakatakura Pan troglodytes chimpanzi muCentral Africa, iyo yakazoendeswa kune vanhu kuburikidza neropa-ku-kuisa ropa uye / kana kushandiswa kwemafuro.
Zoonotic Diseases
Zvirwere zveZoonotic-izvo zvinomhanyisa kubva kumhuka kusvika kune vanhu-hazvishamisi zviitiko, nehuwandu hunowedzera hutachiona hunoratidza kuti kunyange kaminyi, chibhokisi uye diphtheria inogona kunge yakaguma nemusana-shanduko. Salmonellosis , hutachiona hwebhakitiriya hunogona kufambira mberi kune hutachiona hweAIDS , ndiyo muenzaniso wakanaka, kazhinji kacho chikonzero chekudya nyama yakasvibiswa, mazai kana michina yemakaka.
Kutsvakurudza kutsva kwakaitwa nevatsvakurudzi veOxford University kwakagumisa kuti "kusvetuka" kunogona kunge kwakaitika kuKinshasa, guta guru reDemocratic Republic of Congo (DRC), mune imwe nzvimbo muma1920 uye raive dambudziko rekuparara kwevanhu vatinoziva nhasi.
Genetic Sequencing Inotsigira Geographical Center
Kuti vaone izvi, masayendisiti akafananidza hutachiona hwehutachiona hwakawanikwa muCongo Basin, kusanganisira DRC neCameroon. Ndezvipi zvavaikwanisa kuongorora ndezvokuti, kushandiswa kwemazwi ezvinyorwa uye nhoroondo yezvakaitika kare, kuputika hakuna kutanga muCameroon sezvakafunga kare, asi kwakaguma nekupararira kwehutachiona pakati peKinshasa neCameroon sechikonzero chekutengesa rwizi.
Vatsvakurudzi vakazosimbisa kuti hutachiwana hunoonekwa muKinshasa hwakaratidza hutachiwana hweHIV-1 dzakasiyana-siyana kupfuura kumwe kwose-zvichibva pakupararira kwehutachiona hwekuchinja mutachiona kubva kumunhu kusvika kune mumwe munhu -pamwe chete neyekare kare anozivikanwa neHIV-1 kuenzanisa.
Kubva kuma1920 kusvika muna 1950s, kukurumidza kuguta uye kugadzirwa kwezvitima kwakaita kuti Kinshasa ishandise hutungamiri, zvichiita kuti zviparidzire kupararira kweHIV-1 munyika yose uye munguva pfupi ichangobva kuEast uye Southern Africa.
Mazita ezvinyorwa zvakasara panguva iyi zvakaratidzwa kuparadzirwa kwehutachiwana muDCC (nyika inenge yakaenzana neWestern Europe) sezvo vanhu vaifamba munzira dzezvitima uye mumugwagwa kuenda kumaguta eMbuji-Mayi neLubumbashi kumaodzanyemba uye Kisangani iri kuchamhembe .
Pakati pe1950 ne1960, kushandiswa kwekusagadziriswa kwechirwere chepabonde mumakiriniki anotapukisa zvepabonde uye kukura kwekutengeserana kwepabonde kwaive pakati pezvikonzero zvekukurumidza kwekupararira kwemavairasi, kunyanya munharaunda dzekumigodhi uko kwaive (uye inoramba iripo ) yepamusoro yevashandi vanofambira mberi.
Munguva yegore remakore makumi maviri, kutakura hutachiona hunoita kuti hutachiona 'hupararire hwakanga husiri hushanda, asi hahuna hunokosha. Pakavamba kwema1970, mbeu dzechirwere dzakanga dzagara dzakadyarwa uye dzichikurumidza dzichienda kuNorth America neEurope nekuda kwekuwedzera kwemhepo uye kufamba kwegungwa.
Zvakanga zvisati zvaitika muna 1981 kuti matambudziko ekutanga eAIDS akaonekwa muUnited States, akateverwa nekuparadzaniswa kwehutachiona hweHIV-1 muna 1983. Nhasi, semugumisiro wehutachiona hwepasi rese, zvinokwana mamiriyoni makumi manomwe nemapfumbamwe kutambudzwa kwakaitika, zvichiita kuti vanopfuura 30 mamiriyoni kufa. Kubva muna 2016, United Nations Joint Program yeHIV / AIDS inoti vanhu vanopfuura mamiriyoni 36 vanozivikanwa kuti vari kurarama nechirwere munyika yose.
Sources
Gao, F .; Bailes, E ;; Chen, Y ;; et al. "Kutanga kweHIV-1 mune chimpanzi Pan troglodytes troglodytes." Nature . February 4, 1999; 397 (6718): 385-386.
Bedford, M ;; Ward, A .; Tatem, J .; Sousa, et al. "Kutanga kupararira uye kupararira kwechirwere cheHIV-1 kuvanhu." Sayenzi . Gumiguru 3, 2014; 346 (6205): 56-61.
United Nations Joint Program pamusoro peHIV / AIDS (UNAIDS). "Global Reports - UNAIDS inorondedzera nezvehuwandu hwehutachiona hweHIV munyika yose. " 2013; Geneva, Switzerland.
Nzvimbo dzeDaase Control and Prevention (CDC). Pneumocystis pneumonia - Los Angeles. " Kushungurudzwa uye Kufa Kwemavhiki Gwaro (MMWR) 1981; Atlanta, Georgia.
Barré-Sinoussi, F .; Chermann, J .; Rey, F .; et al. "Kutarisana kweT-lymphotropic retroviru s kubva kumurwere ari panjodzi yekuwana maune immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)." Sayenzi. May 20, 1983, 220 (4599): 868-871.