Kunzwisisa Kodzero Dzako Dzepamutemo Kana une HIV
Vakuru veAmerica vane Dambudziko reDare (ADA) mutemo wezvematongerwo enyika unogamuchirwa neU.S. Congress muna 1990 kunorambidza rusarura rwunobva paurema hwemunhu. Pasi peAADA, vanhu vane hurema vanochengetedzwa pamutemo kubva pakusarura munzvimbo dzebasa, munzvimbo dzehuruzhinji nemabasa, muhurumende nehurumende, uye mumiterevhizheni.
Iyo ADA inotsanangurwa zvakananga nekuremara se "kushaya muviri kwepanyama kana kwepfungwa kunogadzirisa zvakanyanya basa rehupenyu hukuru."
Kunzwisisa zvinorevei-uye kuti kududzirwa kwepamutemo kunobata sei vanhu vose vane HIV-vanogona kubatsira avo vanotya kusarura vanowana rubatsiro rwepamutemo rwavanoda apo vachideredza zvipingamupinyi zvevanhu vanogona kunge vasati vadzivirire kuongororwa neHIV nekutarisirwa.
Nhoroondo yeAdA neHIV
Apo ADA yakatanga kugadziriswa, HIV yakatarwa chirwere chinotyisa chinotyisa chingaita kuti kushaya simba kana kusakwanisa kwevakawanda, kana kwete vose, kune avo vanotapukirwa. Muchirevo ichocho, kuchengetedzwa kwepamutemo kwevaya vane HIV kwakaonekwa sekujeka uye kusingapinduriki.
Zvisinei, nekufamba kwenguva, sezvo HIV yakatanga kuonekwa sechirwere chisingaperi chisingaperi, pane mitemo yakawanda yepamutemo yekuziva kuti kana HIV inofanira, uye iga, inofungidzirwa kuti yakaremara kana munhu wacho akaramba ari zviratidzo-pasina uye asina simba.
Mubvunzo iwoyo wakaiswa pamberi peDare Repamusorosoro reUnited States muna 1998 muBragdon v. Abbott , nyaya iyo mudzimai ane utachiwana, ane HIV ane zita rinonzi Sidney Abbott akaudzwa nachiremba wemazino kuti aizozadza chivako chake muchipatara, uye chete kana iye akabereka chipatara chinowedzera.
Mukusarudza kwe5-4-4, Dare rakatonga mukuda kwaMs.
Abbott, achizivisa kuti kuramba kuratidzira muhofisi yezinyore kwaive kwakasarura uye kuti, kunyange sechiratidzo-isina munhu ane HIV, Ms. Abbott achiripo ane kodzero yekuchengetedzwa pasi peAdA.
Kunze kwezvinoreva zvakajeka kune avo vanorarama neHIV, mutongi uyu zvakare wakatsigira kuti "kusarura kushamwaridzana" -kudaro, kusarurwa kune vamwe vanhu zvichienderana nokushamwaridzana kwavo neavo vakavharwa pasi peAdA-kwakarambidzwa pasi pemutemo.
Kutonga kwekutonga muna 1998 pakupedzisira kwakaita kuti vanhu vose vekuAmerica vanorarama neHIV, zviratidzo kana kwete, pamwe chete naivo vangaonekwa sevari neHIV. Iyo inoramba ichirambidza kusarura kune bhizimisi chero ripi neripi kana munhu anoita kana kuti zvimwe zvinosanganiswa nomunhu ane HIV.
Kudzivirirwa Kwemitemo Kunobatanidzwa Pasi Payo ADA
IAAA inodzivirira zvepamutemo, pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu chaiwo, kuvanhu vose vane hurema. Nzvimbo dzinokosha dzemutemo, sezvo inoshanda kune HIV, inosanganisira:
- Basa : IAA inorambidza kusarura kune vashandi vega voga nevashandi 15 kana kupfuura. Pasi pemutemo, munhu ane HIV haafaniri kudzingwa kana kuramba basa zvichienderana nehutachiwana hweHIV. Anoshandira haafaniri kuramba kana kusaruramisira kuchinja mubhadharo, kubatsirwa, kuenda, kudzidziswa, basa rekuita, kana basa ripi neripi rebasa rinokonzerwa nehutachiwana hweHIV.
Kuwedzerwa, kugara kwakakodzera kunofanirwa kuitwa kugadzirisa kana kugadzirisa basa kana chirwere chinotarisana neHIV chichida nzvimbo yakadai. Izvi zvinogona kusanganisira zororo rekuzorora kana kugadzirisa zvirongwa zvebasa kune vanhu vasina simba semubairo weHIV kana kubvumira kusarudzwa kwechiremba kana zororo rekurumidza kune avo vangangodaro vakashandisa mukana wavo wekurwara.
Mumwe mushandi haabvumirwi kutsvaga ruzivo nezvemushandi (kana kuti vashandi vanogona) yehutachiwana hweHIV kana kubvunza mibvunzo yakabatana nehurema. Chero humwe ruzivo rwehutachiona hweHIV rwakaziviswa kumushandi hunofanira kuchengetedzwa zvakavanzika zvakavanzika.
- Nzvimbo dzekugara dzevanhu: Inzvimbo yevanhu vose inzvimbo yega yega inoshandiswa kuvanhu, kusanganisira nzvimbo dzakadai seresitorendi, mahofisi ezvechiremba, masangano ezvehutano, zvivako zvekutengesa, nzvimbo dzekuchengetedza zuva, uye chero nzvimbo ipi zvayo kana bhizinesi apo vanhu vanobvumirwa nyore nyore.
Pasi peAADA, kukundikana kupa ruzivo kana kukwana mukana wevaya vane hutachiona hweHIV chaihwo hunofungidzirwa kusarurwa. Izvi zvinogona kusanganisira kuchinja kune nzira inowanzoitwa nebhizimisi, izvo zvisingabatanidzi kana kupa mishandi maduku kune munhu ane HIV. Imwe nzvimbo yekugara kune vanhu inorambidzwawo kuisa zvikwereti zvakakonzerwa nehutachiwana hweHIV, kana kutaura munhu kune rimwe bhizinesi kana maitiro ari mukati mehutano hwebhizinesi iyo.
Masangano anotarisana netsanangudzo yepamutemo yekambani yega yega kana iyo inokodzera kusunungurwa senhengo yechitendero haisati yaiswa mumutsara we ADA. Handizvo humba, iyo yakafukidzwa pasi pe Fair Fair Amendment Act ya 1988.
- Hurumende uye Vehutongi Vehurumende : IAAA inoshanda zvakajeka kune hurumende dzose dzehurumende kana dzomunharaunda, masuwa, madhipatimendi, uye masangano, pamwe chete nedzimwe sangano kana komisheni iyo inowanikwa pasi pehuwandu hwehurumende kana hurumende. Izvi zvinosanganisira zvikoro zvevanhu vose, masango emasangano, mabhuku, mabhurumende, zvipatara, kana mabasa ekufambisa kweguta.
Chii Chingaita Kana Wakagamuchirwa Kusarura
Muchiitiko chawakasarudzwa panzvimbo yebasa nekuda kweHIV, taura neEvenal Employment Opportunity Commission yako iri pedyo (EEOC) . Mhosva inofanira kuiswa mukati memazuva makumi mapfumbamwe nemasere ekupomerwa mhosva. Pamusoro pokutsvakurudza, EEOC inogona kuita chimwe chinhu kururamisa kukanganisa kana kupa "kodzero yekupa mhosva" tsamba kumushandi. Kuti udzidze zvakawanda kana kuwana eEOC ofisi iri pedo newe, foni 800-669-4000 kana kushanyira webasa reEEOC.
Job Job Network (JAN) , basa rakapiwa neDhipatimendi reMabasa reUnited States, rinogona kupa mazano asina mazano kuvashandi nevarume vane hurema pahutano hwakanaka panzvimbo yebasa. Terefoni 800-526-7234, kana kushanyira webhusaiti yeJAN kuti uwane mazano ekugara kune vanhu vane HIV.
Kana kusarura kwakaitika munzvimbo dzekugara kwevanhu, taura neDhipatimendi reRubatsiro reUnited States (DOJ) pa800-514-0301, kana kuti shanyirai ADA HIV / AIDS pepanhau kuti uwane ruzivo pamusoro pekuisa dambudziko re DOJ.
Sources:
Dhipatimendi reU.S. Justice. "Nyaya yemazuva ano yeAmericans with Disability Act ye 1990 inosanganisira kuchinja kwakaitwa neAADA Amendments Act ya2008." Washington, DC; yakarongedzwa musi waMarch 25, 2009.
Gostin, L. uye Webber, D. "Kusarura kwakavakirwa neHIV / AIDS nezvimwe zviitiko: 'Kuremara' Sezvinotsanangurwa pasi pe Federal uye State Law." Utano Hwemutemo Mutemo. Georgetown Mutemo Faculty Publications; 2000: Peji 94: 266-329.