Indiana HIV inoputika inoratidza ngozi dzekusaita
Musi waMarch 27, 2015, ipapo-Indiana Gavhuna Mike Pence akazivisa hurumende mushure mekuchengetedzwa kwehutano huripo hurumende yakasimbisa huwandu hwemashure makumi mapfumbamwe nemasere ehutachiona hweHIV pakati pevanoshandisa vashandisi vezvinodhaka (IDUs) muScott County. Zvizhinji zvezviitiko izvi zvakange zvakasarudzwa mukati uye zvakapoteredza guta reAustin (pop 4,295), apo zvirwere zvakakonzerwa zvikuru nekugoverana kwetsono panguva yekujova opioid painkiller, Opana (oxymorphone).
Pakuvamba kwaEpril, nhamba yemhosva dzakasimbiswa yakasimuka kusvika 190.
Pakusunungurwa kwemashoko, Pence akaisa zvirongwa zvehutano zvekukurumidzira, kusanganisira chirongwa chechishandiso chetsano chenguva pfupi apo vezvematongerwo enyika vanochengetedza muhurumende vakanga vagara vasati varamba. Gwaro regore rose rakapa vashandisi muScott County nekupa mazano ekugadzirisa kukanganisa uye vhiki yekutengeswa kwemasero asingabhadharwi. Mukuwedzera, pa-site kubhadhara kune hurumende itsva yehutano muHinshasa ( HIP) chirongwa chinopa vagari vepfuma vashoma pakarepo kurapwa kwehutano hwehutano.
Indiana iri pakati pemakumi maviri nemaviri eUnited States iyo inokanganisa kugoverwa uye kuva nemashira pasina mishonga, nekuda kwekufungidzira kuti inokurudzira kushandiswa kwezvinodhaka. Kutevera kuitika kweIndien, vatongi vezvematongerwo enyika vanobvumirana mushumo unobvumira kushandiswa kwenheyo zvirongwa zvekushanda mune dzimwe nzvimbo asi kana chete hutano hwehutano hwemunharaunda "hunozivisa chirwere cheHIV chekushaya chirwere cheHitpatitis C pakati pekurayira vashandisi vezvinodhaka" uye hurumende hurumende inobvumirana nechikumbiro.
Kuedza kupfuurira nekugara nekusingaperi, nyika yose yakaita shanduro yekushandura mitemo yakave ichikuvhiringidza, naPence pachake achizivisa kupikisana kwake nechiyero chinoenderana ne "zvikonzero zvetsika."
Yakanga isiri muongorori apo Pence akatora chirango chekudzivirira zvirongwa zvekudzivirira hutachiona hweHIV aifunga nezvemashoko. Panguva yekubudirira kwake kweCongress muna 2000, Pence akaronga kuti federal HIV mari inopiwa pasi peRyan White Care Act inoparadzaniswa kubva kumasangano "anopemberera uye anokurudzira" ungochani kune "masangano aya anopa rubatsiro kune avo vanoda kutsvaga unhu hwavo hwepabonde."
Izvo apo kuputika kwave kuchiita kuti nyika irambe ichicherechedza kuIndia uye nediki, guta rakashata riri kumadokero kweKentucky-nevakawanda vachizivisa chiitiko icho "chisati chaitika" - vamwe vanonyevera kuti hazvifaniri kunge zvichionekwa sekuti iri oga kana kuti yakasiyana.
Maitiro eIndian Outbreak Anoratidza Maitiro muRussia neCentral Europe
Kunyange zvazvo zvepabonde zvinowanzoonekwa sokuti ndiyo nzira yekutanga yeHIV inopararira pasi pose, kutsvakurudza kwezvirwere zvinoratidza kuti izvi hazvirevi nguva dzose. Mumakore achangobva kupfuura, vakuru vehutano pasi rose vakaona tsvina inotyisa muhutachiona hweHIV huri muCentral Asia, Eastern Europe, uye Russia, ine kuwedzerwa kwemapfumbamwe 250 kubva muna 2001.
Muzvizhinji zvezvikamu izvi, kushandiswa kwekushandisa zvinodhaka nhasi kunofungidzirwa kuti ndiyo nzira yekutanga yeHIV yekupararira-kusanganisira Estonia apo 50 muzana yehutachiona hutsva huri pakati peIDUs uye St. Petersburg, Russia umo IDUs inomirira 59 muzana yehutachiona hweHIV. Zvose zvakataurwa, zvinoshamisa makumi mana kubva kuzana makumi mana zvehutachiona hutsva mukati memunharaunda zvakakonzerwa, zvakananga kana kuti zvisina kukodzera, kugoverana kwezvirwere zvakasvibiswa neHIV.
Kunyange zvazvo kufanana pakati peAustin, Indiana, neCentral Asia zvingaita sezvose zvinoratidzika pakutanga, vatyairi vezvirwere zvinenge zvinyorwa zvinyorwa mumashoko avo.
Urombo hwakadzika midzi, kushaiwa kwekudzivirira mabasa, uye mugwagwa unozivikanwa wekutengesa zvinodhaka kunowanzosangana pamwechete, sezvavakaita muAustin, kugadzira "dutu rakakwana" nokuda kwekuputika.
MuIndia, somuenzaniso, Highway 65, iyo inonongedza zvakananga kuburikidza neAustin, inonyatsozivikanwa senzira huru yemishonga pakati pemaguta eIndipolis naLouisville, Kentucky. Kuwedzera kwehurombo muAustin (37%) inozivikanwa kuti inobatanidza nekuwedzera kwehuwandu hwekushandisa mushonga wezvinodhaka, nehutano hwakasimbiswa hwehutano hunoita kuti kugoverwa kunoshandiswa kwezvinodhaka zvakadai seOpana (inoratidzirwa sepakati pemishonga mitatu yakanyanya kushandiswa pakushandiswa kwemishonga muAmerica nhasi ).
Neine chiremba mumwe chete muguta uye iyo yakadzika-mbeu yekuramba kushandiswa kwetsingiri zvirongwa zvinotyisa kushungurudzwa kunyange zvakanyanya pasi pasi, vazhinji vanobvumirana kuti pakanga pasina zvishoma kuti zvidzivirire kuparadza kusati kuitika.
Nokuenzanisa, kuwedzera kwezvirwere zve IDU muCentral Asia, Eastern Europe, neRussia zvinogona kutevedzwa kumashure kwema1991 mushure mekuparara kweSoviet Union. Kuparara kwezvemagariro evanhu kwakaguma vakapa vatengesi vezvinodhaka mukana wekuwedzera heroin nekutengeserana kubva kuA Afghanistan, gurukota guru rekupikira maopium munyika, kune dzimwe nyika. Zvishoma mune nzira yehurumende inopindura uye iri pedyo nekudzivirira uye / kana kupindwa muropa kwehutano, chirwere ichi pakati peVIDU chakabvumirwa kukura kune zvazviri nhasi: vanopfuura mamiriyoni ekutapukira kweHIV mune idzi nhatu nhatu chete.
Injecting Drug Use Trends in the US
Maitiro akadaro ari kuonekwa kwete kuNorth Africa chete uye kuMiddle East, asi muhomwe muNorth America yose. Ichokwadi, muna 2007, kushandiswa kwekushandisa zvinodhaka kwakanzi ndiyo yechitatu inowanzotaurwa nezvengozi muUnited States, mushure mokunge varume nemurume vaite zvepabonde uye vane hutano hwehutano hwepabonde .
Kubvira pakutanga-kusvika pakati pemakore ekuma1990, kuedza kwakaita kuti kuwedzere mitemo yepamutemo, yakavharidzirwa yekushandiswa kwezenziso kunobatsira kuderedza kuitika kweAIDS nezvimwe zvirwere zvinotapukira pakati peDIDU. Nhasi, kune mapurogiramu akadai anopfuura 200 muU.S., achiparadzira zviyero zvinopfuura mamiriyoni makumi matatu pagore.
MuNew York State, vashandi vehutano vese vehutano vakati hutachiona hweHIV pakati peVIDU hwakanga hwakaderera kubva ku 52 muzana muna 1992, apo chirongwa chekushandura kwetsano chehurumende chakatangwa, kusvika ku3 muzana muna 2012. Kuwedzerwa kushandiswa kwemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya pakati peVIDU inowanikwawo inobatsira kumatengo akaderera.
Sources:
Dhipatimendi reItene State Rezve Utano. "State, Local and Federal Health Officials Respond to HIV Outbreak." Indiana, Indianapolis; nyaya yekubudiswa yakabudiswa musi waMarch 27, 2015.
> Nichols, C. "Kutsigira kwaPence kwekutendeuka kwechirwere haisi nyaya yakagadziriswa." Politifact. December 2, 2016; rakabudiswa paIndaneti.
Strathdee, S. uye Stockman, J. "Epidemiology yeHIV Pakati pekuvhiringidza uye kusina-Injecting Drug Users: Current Trends and Implications for Interventions." Nhoroondo yeHIV / AIDS yemazuva ano. May 2010; 7 (2): 99-106.
Green, T .; Martin, E .; Bowman, S ;; et al. "Upenyu Pashure Pokurambidzwa: Kuongororwa kwe US Syringe Exchange." American Journal of Public Health. May 2012; 102 (5): e9-e16.
New York Department of Health AIDS Institute. "Kukanganiswa kwakanyanya kwekukuvadza kunopesana neTendaneti muNew HIV HIV. " Albany, New York; yakabudiswa musi waMarch 4, 2014.