Nzira Dzakasiyana-siyana Dzinodiwa Kudzivirira, Kurapa Utachiwana
Nhoroondo yehutachiona hweHIV yakagadziriswa nezvipingamupinyi zvakawanda uye kuodzwa mwoyo, uye mumwe nomumwe anoita se "kubudirira" kuratidza matambudziko akawanda uye matambudziko okukunda. Kazhinji zvinoratidzika kuti pane imwe nhanho mberi ivo vanotsvakurudza vanotora, chipingamupinyi chisingafanoonekwi chinodzidzosera pane imwechete uye kunyange matanho maviri.
Mune dzimwe nzira, kuongororwa kwakanaka, zvichipiwa kuti isu tisati tamboona mukana wokugadzirira vaccine.
Kune rumwe rutivi, masayendisiti ane, chaizvoizvo, akaita matanho makuru mumakore achangopfuura, kuwana ruzivo rwakakura nezvezvinetso zvakakomba zvekutapukirwa kweHIV uye mhinduro yemuviri kune utachiona hwakadaro. Izvi zvinokurudzira kufambira mberi uku kwokuti vamwe vanotenda kuti chirwere chinogona kuitika mukati memakore gumi nemashanu anotevera (pakati pavo, Nobel Prize laureate uye HIV- vakafumura Françoise Barré-Sinoussi ).
Pasinei nokuti chirwere chakadaro chinogona kutengesa, chakachengeteka, uye chiri nyore kutarisira nekugovera kumasara evanhu pasi pose kuti aonekwe. Asi zvatinonyatsoziva ndezvokuti pane zvipingamupinyi zvinokosha zvinoda kugadziriswa kana chero munhu akadaro akambomira kunze kwechapupu-che-gadziriro yemutambo.
Nzira Dzakaita kuti HIV Ive Nayo Inoita Kuti Mushonga Wekuvhiya Uedze
Kubva pane maonero ekutanga, kuedza kukudziridza chirwere cheAIDS chakakanganiswa nehutachiona hwehutachiona pachahwo. Kudzokorora kweHIV hakusi kungokurumidza (nguva inenge inopfuura maawa makumi maviri nemana) asi kunowanzowanzokanganisa kukanganisa, kuvhara mifananidzo yakazvimiririra iyo iyo inobatanidza mumatambudziko matsva sezvo utachiona hunopfuudzwa kubva kumunhu kumunhu.
Kuita chirwere chimwe chete chinogona kukonzera kudarika zvinopfuura makumi matanhatu nematambudziko pamwe chete nehuwandu hwemaitiro anoshandura-uye pasi rose-inova yakaoma zvikuru kana zvirwere zvinowanzogadziriswa zvingangodzivirira pane nhamba shoma yehutachiona.
Chechipiri, kurwisana neHIV kunoda kupindura kwakasimba kubva mumuviri wesimba, uye izvi zvakare apo masero anokundikana.
Nenzira, tsika dzakachena dzeropa dzakatumidzwa kuti CD4 T-seli dzinotanga kupindura kuburikidza nekuratidza masero ekuuraya panzvimbo yehutachiona. Zvinoshamisa kuti aya ndiwo masero ayo HIV inotarirwa nehutachiona. Nokuita kudaro, HIV inobvumira simba remuviri kuzvidzivirira sekuti CD4 yevanhu inogadziriswa yakasara, zvichiguma nekuparara kwekudzivirirwa kwezvidziviriro zvinonzi immune kupera .
Pakupedzisira, kuparadzwa kweHIV kunokanganisa nehutachiona 'kukwanisa kuvanza kubva kuzvidzivirira zvemuviri. Nguva pfupi mushure moutachiona, nepo humwe hutachiona hweHIV huchifamba zvakasununguka muropa, chirwere chetachiona (chinonzi provirus ) chinopinda mukati mechinzvimbo chekuvhenekera masero (anonzi latent matanda ). Kana uchingopinda mukati memasero, HIV inodzivirirwa kubva pakuonekwa. Panzvimbo yekuuraya uye kuuraya seni yakagadziriswa, HIV inotapukira inongoparadzanisa pamwe chete nemuiti nemagetsi ayo. Izvi zvinoreva kuti kunyange kana rusununguko rwechirwere rweHIV ruchibviswa, hutachiona "hwakavanzwa" hunogona kukanganisa uye kutanga utachiona hutsva.
Zvipingamupinyi Zvokukunda
Izvo zvave zvakajeka mumakore achangobva kupfuura kuti kukundwa kwezvipingamupinyi zvichange zvichitsvaga nzira yakasiyana-siyana yekugadzirisa uye kuti nzira imwe chete isingakwanisi kuzadzikisa zvinangwa zvinodiwa kukudziridza chirongwa chekuita sterilizing vaccine.
Izvo zvikamu zvikuru zvechirongwa ichi, saka, zvinofanira kutarisa:
- Nzira dzekudzikisa huwandu hwehutachiona hweHIV
- nzira dzekuita kuti zvirwere zvemuviri zvinokodzera zvakakodzera kudzivirirwa
- nzira dzekuchengetedza kuvimbika kwemasimba ezvirwere
- Nzira dzekuchenesa uye kuuraya mavairusi akavhara
Kufambira mberi kuri kuitwa pane dzakawanda zvezvirongwa izvi zvinorongedzwa, nehutano hwakasiyana hwekubudirira uye kubudirira, uye inogona kunge yakatsanangurwa nenzira inotevera:
Kukurudzira "Kusava Neutongerwo Hwenyika" Kupindurwa kweMusana
Pakati pevanhu vanorarama neHIV, kune chikwata chevanhu vanozivikanwa sevatongi vakuru (ECs) vanoita sevanorwisana neHIV .
Mumakore achangobva kupfuura, masayendisiti atanga kuziva hutachiona hwemagadzirirwo avanoti vanotenda kune izvi zvakasikwa, zvinodzivirira. Pakati pavo pane sendima yezvidziviriro zvinodzivirirwa zvepuroteni inozivikanwa sekudzivirira neutralizing antibodies (kana bNAbs) .
Zvirwere zvinorwisa muviri zvinopesana nemumwe munhu anokonzera zvirwere (pathogen). Zvizhinji ndezvisingatauri zvakanyanya zvekudzivirira zvirwere, zvichireva kuti vanongouraya imwe chete kana mimwe miviri yepathogen. Kusiyana neizvi, bNAbs inokwanisa kukwanisa kupararira zvakasiyana-siyana zve HIV zvakasiyana-kusvika kune 90% mune dzimwe mamiriro ezvinhu-nokudaro kudzivirira hutachiona 'kukwanisa kuparadzira nekupararira.
Kusvika iye zvino, masayendisiti haasati aona nzira dzinobatsira yekuita kuti bNAb isapindure kumatanho apo inogona kufungidzirwa kudzivirirwa, uye kuti mhinduro yakadaro ingatora mwedzi kana kunyange makore kukura. Kuomesa nyaya zvakatowedzera ndezvekuti hatisati taziva kana kukurudzirwa kweBBB idzi kunogona kukuvadza-kana vangaita zvinopesana nemasero emuviri uye vasazvidzivirira chero nzira ipi zvayo inobatsirwa inogona kukohwa.
Nezvo izvo zvataurwa, zvakawanda zvinotariswa zviri kuiswa pahuwandu hwehuwandu hweBNAbs kuvanhu vane hutachiona hweHIV. Imwe yakadaro bNAb, inozivikanwa se 3BNC117, inooneka kwete kungodzivisa utachiona hwemasero matsva asi kubvisa masero ane HIV. Kutaura kwakadaro kungaita zuva rimwe chete kubvumira imwe nzira kana nzira inobatanidza yekurapa kwevanhu vakatotapukirwa nehutachiona.
Kuchengetedza kana Kudzorera Kutendeseka Kwisina Mwero
Kunyangwe dai masayendisiti akakwanisa kunyatsogadzira kubudiswa kweBnAbs, inogona kudikanwa kuti iwane mhinduro yakasimba yekuzvidzivirira mumuviri. Izvi zvinoonekwa sechinetso chakakura sekuti HIV inokonzera kuvhara muviri kwekuzvidzivirira nekudzivirira kuuraya "CD" T-seli "helper".
Uyezve, kukwanisa kwemuviri kurwisana neHIV neinoti "muurayi" CD8 T-cells zvinowanzosangana nekufamba kwenguva apo muviri unotarisana nezvinozivikanwa sekudzivirira muviri . Munguva yehutachiona husingaperi, maitiro ezvirwere zvezvirwere zvezvirwere anogara achizvigadzirisa pachake kuti ave nechokwadi chokuti haisi kunyanya kupfurikidza (zvichikonzera autoimmune chirwere) kana kufungidzirwa (kubvumira mapegijeni kupararira asingagadziriswi).
Kunyanya munguva yekutengesa kweHIV kwenguva refu, kushandiswa kwemaitiro kunogona kukonzera apo ma CD4 masero anodzimwa zvishoma nezvishoma uye muviri unenge usingakwanise kuziva chirwere chepathogen (mamiriro akafanana neaya evarwere vane kenza). Apo izvi zvinenge zvichiitika, masimba ezvirwere zvezvirwere anoramba "akaisa mabheki" pamhinduro yakakodzera, zvichiita kuti zviduku uye zviduku zvidzivirire.
Masayendisiti kuEmory University akatanga kutarisa kushandiswa kwezvirwere zvinoputika zvinonzi ipilimumab , izvo zvinokwanisa "kusunungura mabheki" uye kuwedzerazve maCD8 T-cell production.
Chimwe chezvinhu zvakagamuchirwa zvakagamuchirwa zvekutsvakurudza, ikozvino muzvidzidzo zvepabonde, zvinosanganisira kushandiswa kwevakakomba "shell" yevamwe vasikana vemavirusi inonzi CMV iyo inowanikwa isina zvirwere-zvinokonzera zvikamu zveSIV (iyo primate version yeHIV) . Apo nhau dzinoputirwa ne-genetically modified CMV, muviri wakabvuma kutapukirwa kwe "kuseka" nekuwedzeredza maCD8 T-cell production kuti varwise zvavanotenda zvavanotenda kuti SIV.
Chii chinoita kuti CMV model inonyanya kumanikidzira ndeyekuti herpes virusi haina kubviswa kubva mumuviri, sehutachiona hunotonhora, asi inoramba ichidzokorora uye mberi. Kunyangwe izvi zvinopa kuve nekudzivirirwa kwenguva refu kwekuchengetedzwa kwekuzvidzivirira kwezvirwere hazvisati zvatemwa, asi zvinopa uchapupu hunogutsa-hwe-pfungwa.
Kuchenesa uye Kuuraya Latent HIV
Chimwe chezvipingamupinyi zvikurusa pakugadzira chirwere cheHIV ndeyokukurumidza iyo hutachiona hukwanisa kugadzirisa zvidzidzo zvemazuva mashoma kuti dzidzivise kudzivirirwa kwezvirwere. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti izvi zvinogona kuitika nokukurumidza sekumaawa mana kana chiitiko chekurambana kwepabonde -kukurumidza kubva panzvimbo yekutapukira kune lymph nodes-kusvika kwemazuva mana kune mamwe marudzi ekutengesa pabonde kana kusina zvepabonde .
Kusvika iye zvino, hatina chokwadi zvachose kunyange kuti yakawanda sei kana yakakura idzi dzimba dzinogona kunge dzisingakwanisi kana kuti dzingaita kuti zvirwere zvinokonzerwa nehutachiona (kureva, kudzoka kwehutachiona) kune avo vanotenda kubviswa kwehutachiona.
Zvimwe zvezvikamu zvinotyisa zvekutsvakurudza mazuva ano zvinosanganisira izvo zvinonzi "kick-kill" shanduro kuburikidza nekugadzirisa maitiro anokwanisa "kukanda" HIV yakadzika kunze kwekuvanda, nokudaro achibvumira vashandi vechipiri kana zano kuti "vauraye" chirwere chinenge chava pachena.
Mune izvi, masayendisiti akabudirira kuburikidza nekushandisa zvinodhaka zvinonzi HDAC inhibitors, izvo zvakagara zvichishandiswa kurapa dambudziko rekushaya dutu uye mafungiro. Kunyange zvazvo zvidzidzo zvakaratidza kuti mishonga yakawanda yeHACAC inokwanisa "kumutsa" yakawanda yehutachiona, hapana akambokwanisa kubvisa zvitubu kana kunyange kuderedza usana hwavo. Tariro iye zvino inowanikwa pamashandisirwo akabatanidzwa eHCDAC nemamwe mazita emishonga emishonga (inosanganisira PEP005 , inoshandiswa kurapa rudzi rwekenza yeganda rezuva).
Zvimwe zvinonetsa, zvakadaro, ndeyekuti HDAC inhibitor inogona kukonzera kuora uye kubviswa kwemakadzi ezvirwere zvemuviri. Somugumisiro, masayendisiti ari kutarisawo kirasi yemishonga, inonzi TLA agonists, iyo inoratidzika inogona kukurudzira mhinduro dzomuviri kwete kuti "jarring" chirwere chisingazovanzi. Zvidzidzo zvepakutanga zvekutanga zvakange zvichisimbisa, kwete nekuderedza kuyerwa kwezvivako zvekupedzisira asi kuwedzera kukuru kweCD8 "killer" cell activation.
> Sources:
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