Kuchinja Kunenge Kupfuura Zvisiri Zvokuita Semantics
ART ndiyo izwi rinowanzoshandiswa mazuva ano kurondedzera HIV kana kuti neroroviral t herapy. Pamberi peizvi, vanachiremba nevasayendisiti vaizoshandisa izwi iro (kusanganisa mahararetroviral therapy), uye mberi kwekuti izwi rakakurumbira rokuti HAART rakashandiswa kurondedzera "zvakanyanya kushandiswa kweraretroviral therapy."
Kuchinja kwemakore kunoratidza zvakawanda kupfuura kungofanana nemafashoni, asi kuedza kwechokwadi kuburikidza nehutano hwehutano hwevanhu kuti hugadzirise zvakare mararamiro atinoita kuti utachiona hweHIV hubudirire kuvanhu.
Hatisisirizve kuedza kuvimbisa vashandi kuti madhiragi "anonyanya kushingaira" kubva zvavari chaizvo kupfuura izvozvo. Nhasi vanobvumira kuti zvive zvakanaka, mararamiro ehupenyu, nepo imwe itsva-mapiritsi anosarudza kushandiswa kweshoko rokuti "kusanganiswa" zvakanyanya kuwedzerwa.
Kunzwisisa ART
Chero zvinyorwa zvinoshandiswa, izwi rinoreva kushandiswa kwemishonga mitatu kana kupfuura inodhaka maitiro , kana kutorwa pamwe chete kana kuenzaniswa kwemazai. Chinangwa cherapi ndechekuita kuti kuderedzwa kweHIV kune izvo zvinonzi "zvisingaoneki" maitiro-zvinoreva kuti hutachiona hahugadziriswi zvachose, asi huri pasi pekuona maitiro ezvino.
Sezvinopesana nemusikana-chiremba kana maviri-drug therapy, kusanganiswa kwemishonga mitatu kana kupfuura inoshandiswa inozivikanwa kuti inogona kudzivirira zvakasiyana siyana zvakasiyana-siyana zveHIV zvinogona kuvapo mukati mehutachiona hwevanhu. Chaizvoizvo, kana chimwe chirwere chisina kukwanisa kudzvinyirira humwe hutachiona hwemuviri, vamwe vangangoita kudaro.
Mazinga ekutevedza anodiwa anodiwa kuti arambe achirapa mishonga yemishonga muropa. Kana mazinga aya achiwa pasi pemubhedha wokurapa, maronda asingagumi anopiwa mukana wekubudirira . Izvo zvakakura izvi zvinopesana nevanhu, zvisingashandisi zvinodhaka zvinenge zviri mukuderedza kudzokorora kweHIV-pakupedzisira kutungamirira kuhutachiona rebound uye kukanganisa kurapa .
Kubvira muna 2009, izwi racho rinonyanya kushandura HAART inonyanya kuzivikanwa, kunyanya pakati pevanotsvakurudza uye vanachiremba. Kunyange zvazvo mashoko acho achida kushandurudzwa, HAART yakanyanya kufungidzirwa isina kukwana mukutsanangura kubudirira kwehutano hwehutano hwekubatanidza.
Zvadaro, ART yakanzi yakakosha, zvichipiwa mukana wekuti mushonga unobatanidza uchashanduka mumakore anotevera. Tsvakurudzo yezvino inotsvaga kushandiswa kwemaviri panzvimbo pematatu emishonga ekurapa, zvakadai sa ripilvirine uye dolutegravir, mune vatungamiri vezvirwere zveHIV zvisingaperi.
Makirasi eART
Pano pane makirasi mashanu emishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya , imwe neimwe inodzivisa imwe nzvimbo muhupenyu hweHIV :
- Entry inhibitors
- Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
- Kwete-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
- Integrase inhibitors
- Protease inhibitors
Zvimwe makirasi e-antiretrovirals ari kuongororwa, apo mitsva inotanga-madzinza inotarisira kuvandudza kushivirira, kuderedza migumisiro yakaipa uye kurerutsa kudhesa kune avo vari kurapa.
Kumugumo uyu, nhamba inowedzera yehutachiwana huwandu hwemazana (FDC) ikozvino yavapo, kubatanidza maviri kana zvimwe zvinodhaka mupiritsi imwe kana piritsi. Vamwe, kusanganisira Atripla ((tenofovir + emtricitabine + efavirenz), Triumeq (abacavir + lamivudine + dolutegravir) uye Stribild (tenofovir + emtricitabine + elvitegravir + cobicistat) inopa maitiro akafanana ezviri nyore, zuva rimwe nerimwe.
Ramangwana reART
Nekufambira mberi kwehutachiona hweHIV, ART iri kushandiswa senzira yekugadzirisa hutachiwana hwehutachiwana hwehuwandu hwehutachiona hweHIV. Chirongwa, chinozivikanwa seChirango seKuchengetedza (TasP) , chakaratidzwa kuderedza dambudziko rekutumira HIV kuburikidza nekudzivirira utachiona basa kusingaoneki mazinga. Mukuita kudaro, njodzi yekuparidzika inoderedzwa nepamusoro pe 96%.
Nokugadzirisa kuparadzirwa kwezvinodhaka, ART inogona kuderedza izvo zvinonzi "hutachiwana hwehutachiwana huwandu" (huwandu hwehutachiona hwemagariro mukati memunharaunda) kusvika kumazinga apo mukana wekuparidzika unokosha zvikuru, kunyange kunyanya, kuderedzwa.
Masayendisiti ari kuongorora zvinoitwa nekurarama kwenguva yakareba ma antiretroviral agents , mamwe acho angadikanwa mwedzi mumwe nomumwe kana kunyange pamutambo wepine meding.
Sources:
Delaney, M. "Nhoroondo yeHART - nhau yechokwadi yekushanda kwakanaka kwemishonga inodhaka yakawanda yakagadzirwa pakurapa chirwere cheHIV." Retrovirology. December 21, 2006; 3 (Suppl 1): S6.
Skarbinski, J .; Furlow-Parmley, C .; uye Frazie, E. "Mumiririri weZvenyika Anofunga nezveNhamba yeHIV + Vakuru Vakagamuchira Kuchengetwa Kwemishonga, Vakanyoreswa nezveVAR, uye Vakagadziriswa Viral Kuderedza-Kuchengetedzwa Kwemishonga Project, 2009 kusvika 2010-US." 19th Conference pamusoro peRevroviruses uye Mikana Yakasangana (CROI); Seattle, Washington; March 8, 2013; Nyaya yemusoro # 138.
Spreen, W; Margolis, D .; uye Pottage, J .; "Kuita kwenguva yakareba antiretroviral inopindwa nehutachiona hweHIV uye kudzivirira." Mune maonero aripo pamusoro peHIV neAIDS. November 2013; 8 (6): 565-571.