Mipiro Inogamuchirwa Kana Iwe Usaita Zvepabonde Kwegore ... kana Kuti Tora Tattoo?
Musi waDecember 22, 2015, US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) yakarongeka zvakajeka makumi emakumi-makumi emakore ekuraira kurambidza varume vanoita zvepabonde kubva pakupa ropa nekuda kwezvavanofunga kuti ndeyengozi yekutapurira HIV .
Mune mirayiridzo yavo yakadzokororwa, gweta re FDA rinobvumira varume vanoita zvepabonde vasina kumboita zvepabonde mumwedzi yapfuura gumi nemaviri kuti vapiwe, iyo yakagadziriswa iyo inosimbiswa nokuzadza bhokisi remibvunzo yakasayinwa.
Vamwe vose varume vanoita zvepabonde, kusanganisira avo vakashandisa makondomu nguva dzose , vacharamba vachirambidzwa.
Nepo vamwe vakaona ichi sechitsauko chekutanga chekusimudza mutemo wemakore 32, vazhinji vanoita zvematongerwo enyika uye vane hutano hwezvehutano vakataura chisarudzo chacho chisina nguva uye chisarudzo, kunyanya nekuda kwekuti HIV inotaridzirwa inotaridzirwa pamhosva-ne- chikonzero chekuita heterosexuals.
Apo paakabvunzwa nezvekusiyana uku munaJanuary, FDA yakapindura nekuratidza kuti yaizova "inorema zvikuru kune zvipo zvekupa ropa uye zvingave zvinokuvadza kune vanopa" kana mumwe munhu aongororwa, asi achiomerera pakanga pasina "uchapupu hwakakwana" kururamisa kuderedza yegore-refu kwenguva yekumirira.
Pakati pevatsoropodzi venguva yakareba, American Medical Association, Red Cross, American Association of Blood Banks, American Association of Osteopaths, New York City Council uye Dare reJudhiya reChishanu kuCalifornia vose vakadana kuti vapedze kurambidzwa panguva apo kuwedzera kwenyika-kusanganisira Spain, Portugal, Italy neSouth Africa-dzakasimudza zvibvumirano zvavo zvachose.
Nhoroondo ye US Gay Blood Ban
Muna 1983, FDA yakarudzira kuti chero munhu akamboita zvepabonde nemumwe murume kubvira muna 1977 akarambidzwa kubva kupa ropa nokuda kwehupenyu hwose. Iyo nheyo yakagadzwa panguva apo pakanga pasina kurapa kana nzira dzekuongororwa kweHIV . (Izvo zvaive muna 1985, chaizvoizvo, kuti kuongororwa kwekutanga kweAIDS kwakabvumirwa neDFA uye kusvika muna 1987 kuti mushonga wekutanga wokurapa majekiseni, AZT , wakagamuchirwa.)
Zvechokwadi panguva iyoyo, nevarume vanoita zvepabonde vaine huwandu hwehutachiona hweHIV, vazhinji muvanhu vakanga vasina chokwadi zvakanyanya maererano nekururama kwehutachiwana hweHIV apo kuongorora kuvepa ropa. Izvo zvaityisa zvakanyanya kuwedzerwa apo Ryan White , mudiki weIndia, akarambidzwa kuenda kuchikoro chehurumende muna 1985 mushure mekunge yawanikwa akawana HIV kubva kuwedzerwa ropa .
Muna 1990, FDA yakaitawo chisarudzo chekudzivisa vanhu veHaiti-uyewo yakaoma nekusangana nehutachiona hwekutanga-kukakavadzana kuti kubvira apo HIV yakanyanya kuparadzirwa kuburikidza nehutano hwepabonde mune huwandu hwevanhu, zvaizova zvakaoma kuti vaone vanhu vane ngozi. Izvozvo zvakarambidzwa zvakasimudzwa zvishoma kune gore rakatevera kutsamwira kutsamwa kwakabva kune vevanhu 50 000 muNew York City.
Pakazosvika makore makumi mapfumbamwe, zvichienderana nekuuya kwemishonga inoshandiswa nehutachiona hwehutachiona uye kuiswa kwekuzvarwa kwechizvarwa chekuzvarwa kweHIV , vatsoropodzi vakatanga kusava nechokwadi chekudziviswa kwegore iro muna 1995 chiitiko chakafungidzirwa chekuwana HIV nehutachiwana chaive chikamu chimwe chete pamakumbo 600 000 . Pakazosvika 2003, njodzi iyi yakaratidzwa kuva inenge 1 mu 1.8 mamiriyoni.
Uyezve, kubvira muna 1999 kusvika muna 2003, vatatu veAmerica kunze kwekufungidzirwa kwemamiriyoni maviri emamiriyoni evanhu vakagamuchira ropa vakavimbiswa kuti vakawana HIV kubva mukuwedzerwa ropa apo vachitevera kuonekwa kwe HIV kusina kunaka .
Mhinduro Nekurwa neGay Blood Ban
Kusvika iye zvino, nyika dzakawanda dzine mitemo yakafanana neyeUnited States, kusanganisira Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Japan, Sweden uye United Kingdom. Vamwe vazhinji vakachengetedza kusingagumi kusingagumi, pakati pavo Belgium, Denmark, France, Greece neGermany.
Vatsigiri vesangano reDFA (kusanganisira Dhipatimendi reMweya weUnited States neHuman Services, iro rakabvumirana pamwe chete kurambidza gore rimwe chete) inotaura kuenderera mberi kwehuwandu hweHIV pakati pevarume nevarume vanoita zvepabonde muUnited States, vanhu vanoverengera vanenge 63% yezvose zvirwere zvitsva gore negore.
Kunyange zvazvo vachibvuma zvinyorwa, vadzivisi vakaverenga kuti varume vanoita zvepabonde nevarume vanoita zvepabonde, kusanganisira avo vanowana HIV kuburikidza nekushandisa mushonga wemishonga, vanomiririra zvishoma hafu (57%) yemamiriyoni 1,1 evaAmerica vane utachiona hweHIV, vachiita kuti gay-inorambidzwa zvachose iyo yakanyanya kunyanya uye isina musoro.
Vanoenderera mberi vachitaura kusanzwisisika kwekutonga kweDFA, kubvunzurudza kuti kukanganiswa kwegore rimwe-kwakasimbiswa ne nyore nyore mhinduro-kunogona kupa chiratidzo chose chakajeka kana ichienzaniswa, ichiti, murume wegadzimai anogara mune hukama hwakagadzikana, hukama humwe chete? Izvi zvinoreva here kuti varume vanoita zvepabonde mune imwe nzira vangangoreva nhema pamusoro pezviito zvavo zvepabonde kunze kwekuita zvepabonde?
Uyezve, zvinorayira kuti varume vanoita zvepabonde nevarume vakaroorana vanorambidzwa kana vakambove vane tattoo, nzeve kana kuputika muviri mugore rapfuura-vachiratidza kuti basa iri rinowanzova nengozi yakafanana sepabonde-yakasangana nekushorwa kwenyika yose. Pasinei nedzidziso yehutachiona (kunyange zvazvo isingabviri), hakuna kumbove yakamboti nyaya imwe chete yekutumira kune imwe yenzira idzi, maererano nemashoko kubva kuCenters for Disease Control uye Kudzivirira.
Makambani evanhu vane kodzero dzevanhu vave kwenguva refu vaitaura kuti mutemo weDFA unoisa kusimbiswa kwehutano hwekuisa pangozi kwete kunyanya kuratidza zvepabonde sekuita zvepabonde. Mukuita kudaro, zvinoratidza kuti varume vanoita zvepabonde, semunhu mumwe nomumwe, vanowanzoita kuti vaite zvinhu zvakanyanya kuisa njodzi , vachiita mhaka-ne-kuongorora maitiro nenzira inenge isingakoshi kudarika mune zvepabonde.
Vamwe, panguva iyo, vanobvunza kana FDA kukurudzira kuri kunyatsoratidzira mutemo kana kungoita imwe nzira yekugadzirisa dambudziko rehupenyu hunongorambidzwa nekuda kwekuti murume wega wega ari kuita zvepabonde.
Nepo mahofisi eDFA ave achitaura kuti vanhu vanoita zvepabonde vanovhiringidza zvinodhaka kana kuita zvepabonde nevashandi vezvepabonde vanoita zvekutengeserana vari pasi pekuregererwa kwegore rimwe chete, kana mapoka aya haafaniri kuramba aripo kwenguva yakareba.
Sources
US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). "Zvakarayirwa Zvakarongedzwa zvekudzikisa Dambudziko reHuman Immunodeficiency Transmission Transmission neRopa neMvura Products: Mibvunzo neMhinduro." Silver Spring, Maryland.
FDA. "Mutauriri we FDA, Margaret A. Hamburg, pamusoro pemutemo weDFA wekudzivirira ropa kwevarume vanoita zvepabonde nevarume." Silver Spring, Maryland; Dhauriro yeDPA yakabudiswa musi waDecember 23, 2014.
FDA. "Mibvunzo pamusoro pesangano reDPA." Silver Spring, Maryland. .
Schreiber, G ;; Busch, M ;; Kleinman, S .; et al. "Ngozi yehutachiona hwehutachiona hweHIV." Retrovirus Epidemiology Donor Study. " New England Journal of Medicine . June 27, 1996; 334 (26): 1685-1690.
Cosgrove-Mather, B. "HIV-tainted blood inokonzera vaviri muFlorida." CBS News; yakabudiswa naJune 19, 2002.