Chemotherapy for Cancer

Chemotherapy for Cancer

Chemotherapy inowanzoshandiswa sekurapa kwekenza, asi shoko rokuti "chemo" roga rinogona kuunza pfungwa yekutya. Ndeipi chaiyo chemotherapy, nguva uye sei inoshandiswa, uye chii chinogona kuve nemigumisiro? Ndeapi mibvunzo iwe unofanira kunge uchikumbira chiremba wako? Kunyangwe chemotherapy inogona kuva yakaoma, kutungamira kwevakawanda vekutya kune migumisiro yakagadzirisa zvakanyanya mumakore achangopfuura.

Zvakataurwa kuti ruzivo simba.

Tinovimba kuti nhaurirano iyi ichakusiya iwe uchinzwa uine simba apo iwe unotarisana nechikamu ichi chekufamba kwekenza yako.

Chinonzi Chemotherapy Chii?

Chemotherapy inorudzi rwekenza mishonga inoshandisa mishonga yekurapa kenza. Inogonawo kutumidzwa se cytotoxic chemotherapy, ine izwi rokuti 'cytotoxic' rinoreva kuti mishonga iyi inotyisa (inokonzera rufu) kune kenza masero. Haasi mishonga yose yekenza inonzi kamotherapy.

• Nzira Dzokudzivirira Dambudziko Rokupinda muKemotherapy

• Pane Chero Chandinogona Kuita Nezve Acid Reflux Panguva yeKymotherapy?

Semuenzaniso, zvinotarisirwa zvinodhaka, immunotherapy , uye hormonal therapy kune nzira dzakasiyana dzemishonga inogona kupiwa sechirwere.

Sero rinova nekenza kana kuwedzera kwekuchinja-shanduka (kukuvara kweDNA) kunokonzera kuti iitezve uye iparadzanise kunze kwekutonga. Chemotherapy mishonga inobata nekupindira nekuzvarwa kwemazuva ose uye masero ekuparadzanisa masero anokura nokukurumidza. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, zvirwere zvinokura nokukurumidza (zvehasha) kazhinji zvinopindura zvakanaka chemotherapy. Kusiyana neizvi, zvirwere zvinokurumidza kukura, zvakadai semamwe marudzi e-lymphoma, hazvipinduri zvakare, kana zvachose, kune idzirapa.

Mamwe masero ezvisikwa mumitumbi yedu akaparadzanisa nokukurumidza zvakare, zvakadai seaya ari mvere dzemawere, bone marrow, uye maraga.

Izvi zvinoratidzira chemo anozivikanwa zvikuru nemigumisiro yemavhudzi kurasikirwa, kuderedza marora mumasora, uye kushungurudzika.

Nei Chimotherapy?

Kuti unzwisise zviri nani chinangwa che chemotherapy uye nei chichishandiswa kurapa kenza, zvakakosha kufunga nezvekurapwa kwekenza munzira mbiri dzakasiyana-siyana: mishonga yemunharaunda uye systemic (muviri wose) mishonga. Mishonga yemunharaunda, yakadai sekuvhiya uye kurapwa kwemishonga, kurapa kenza apo inotanga. Chemotherapy-pamwe nechinangwa cherapies uye immunotherapy-pane zvinonyoreswa sarudzo dzakarongeka. Aya maitirwo anotaura nezvemasero emukenza anenge aripo kwose mumuviri, kwete chete nzvimbo yekutanga yekenza.

Kana kenza yakapararira kupfuura nzvimbo yayo yekutanga ( metastasized ) kana kana pane mukana wekuti yakapararira, zvirongwa zvehutachiona zvakadai sechimotherapy dzinodiwa. Izvi zvinogona kunge zviri nani kutsanangurwa nemuenzaniso. Kuvhiya kwekenza yemazamu kunogona kubvisa tumarara mukati mezamu. Asi kana chero masero aripo akapararira kunze kwechifuva kune lymph nodes kana dzimwe nhengo-kunyange kana masero mashomanene akapararira asi asingagoni kuonekwa nokuongorora-kuongorora haagoni kubvisa masero uye chemotherapy inowanzodiwa.

Mishonga inokonzerwa neRopa yakafanana nerukemia iripo mumasero ayo anotenderera mumuviri wose, uye naizvozvo zvirongwa zvekugadzirisa chete zvinowanzoshandiswa.

Apo Chemotherapy Inopiwa?

Chemotherapy inogona kupiwa zvikonzero zvakasiyana uye ine zvinangwa zvakasiyana-siyana mupfungwa. Zvakakosha kutaura nachiremba wako uye kunzwisisa chinangwa chaicho che chemotherapy sechikamu cherongwa hwekurapa kwako. Ichokwadi, zvidzidzo zvenguva pfupi zvakawana kuti varwere uye vanachiremba vanowanzosiyana mune kunzwisisa kwavo kwezvinangwa izvi. Chinangwa che chemotherapy chinogona kuva:

• Kurwisa rurefu: Nemarukari ane chokuita neropa, akadai sekemukemia, chemotherapy inowanzopiwa nechinangwa chekuporesa kenza. Nokurapa kurapa, mushonga wako unogona kuputsika mukurovedzwa chemotherapy, iyo ndiyo danho rekutanga mukurapwa, rinotevera nekubatanidza chemotherapy, iyo inotevera.
  
• Adjuvant chemotherapy: Chemotherapy inogona kupiwa seyakagadzirwa-adjuvant-iyo, pamwe chete nemamwe mushonga wekenza. Muenzaniso wakafanana weiyi apo apo chemotherapy inoshandiswa kuvanhu vane chirwere chekenza-chekutanga chepabonde chingave kana chisina kupararira kune lymph nodes, asi haina kupararira kune dzimwe nhengo mumuviri. Mumuenzaniso uyu, chemotherapy inoshandiswa senzira yekubvisa chero tumarara masero ayo akafamba kupfuura nechemberi, asi haasati awanikwa pane zvidzidzo zvekufungidzira zviripo. Micrometastases ishoko iwe unogona kunzwa rinotsanangura maitiro anokwanisa kuvapo asi haasati aonekwa pane zvese.
  

• Neoadjuvant chemotherapy: Chemotherapy inogona kupiwa vasati vavhiyiwa kuti vashandise tumarara zvakakwana kuitira kuti kuvhiyiwa kuwanikwe. Somuenzaniso, neoadadvant chemotherapy inogona kupiwa kune mumwe munhu ane kenza yemapapu isingagoni kushandiswa kuitira kuti kuderedza ukuru hwekenza kuitira kuti kuvhiyiwa kuwanike.
  
• Kuwedzera hupenyu: Chemotherapy inowanzoshandiswa nemakumbo akaoma kuitira kuti tiwedzere kutarisira hupenyu, asi tisingakwanisi kurapa kenza. Nekenza yenguva dzose kana kenza yakagadziriswa, chirwere hachiwanzobvira, asi chemotherapy inogona kuwedzera kukurarama kwese kana nguva kusvikira chirwere chichipfuurira ( kupfuurira kusina-kusununguka ).
  
• Chemotherapy yekuchengetedza : Pashure pokutanga kurapwa nekemotherapy, kuchengetedzeka kwemakemikrasi dzimwe nguva kunogona kupiwa kubatsira kubvisa kuregererwa kwekenza kana kudzivirira kenza iripo kukura. Nekuchengetedzwa kwemishonga, maitiro emishonga anoshandiswa kazhinji haasi pasi peaya anopiwa panguva yekutanga chemotherapy.
  
• Chirwere chinonzi Palliative: Chemotherapy inogonawo kupiwa sechirwere chinokonzera ( palliative chemotherapy ). Mumamiriro ezvinhu aya, chemotherapy inoshandiswa kuderedza zviratidzo zvinokonzerwa nekenza, asi kwete nechinangwa chokurapa kenza. Izvi dzimwe nguva zvinonzi 'salvage chemotherapy.'

• Mazano Okubata Nechingwa Chine Mucheka Panguva yeKemotherapy

• Ndichanyora Kurema Mukati Chemotherapy Here?

Ko Chemotherapy Inopiwa Sei?

Chemotherapy inogona kupiwa nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana zvichienderana nehuwandu hwemishonga. Nzira dzinosanganisira:

• Injected injection (IV): Mishonga yemakemikari yakawanda inopiwa mukati. Zvizhinji zvezvinodhaka izvi hazvikwanisi kupiwa muromo sezvazvingazoputsika nemakemikari ekudya, kana kuti inenge iine chepfu kune imwe yeropa rekudya. IV zvinodhaka zvinogona kupiwa kuburikidza nedzimwe rutivi IV kana rutivi rukuru (ona zvisarudzo pasi).
  
• Injection yechiramu (IM): IM injections inounza mushonga wacho mumusumbu, kufanana neTetanus kupfura.
  
• Injection inonzi Subcutaneous (SubQ): Injirisi yeC -Q inopiwa nekidiki kadiki pasi peganda, sechirwere cheTB.
  
• Injected intrathecal: Intrathecal chemotherapy inzira iyo chemotherapy yemishonga inopihwa zvakananga mu cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) inoshambadza uropi nemutsipa wepelinha. Kazhinji kenza yemishonga haifaniri kuyambuka ropa-uropi hunopinganidza -membrane yakakomberedza uropi inogadzirisa kuwanika kwayo kunhu. Kuti urarame mishonga yemukenza iripo muuropi, sindete inowanikwa zvakananga munzvimbo iyi mune imwe nzira yakafanana nemutsara wepelinha. Dzimwe nguva-yakafanana nechepamusoro munharaunda yeAV-chirwere chinoshandiswa pasi peecalp (an Ommaya reservoir ) kubvumira zvinowanzoitika mujeri re intrathecal. Intrathecal chemotherapy ingashandiswa kana kurapa kenza yakapararira kune CSF kana kuti kudzivirira kenza yekupararira kune CSF.
  
• Intraperitoneal injection: Nechemotherapyal chemotherapy , chemotherapy agents inoshandiswa zvakananga mumuzinda we peritoneal, chivako chinowedzera zvizhinji zvemuviri.
  
• Oral therapy: Mimwe mishonga inogona kupiwa sepiritsi, capsule, kana mvura.

Nzira itsva uye inoverengeka yekubudisa chemotherapy mishonga ndeyokubatanidza kwavo nemishonga inogona kutakura zvakananga kumasero emukenza. Izvi zvinonzi immunotherapy , inonzi conjugated monoclonal antibody therapy , inosanganisira mishonga inosanganisira kusanganiswa kwechimwe chemonoclonal antibody uye chemotherapy drug. Iyo mhondi inonzi monoclonal inoshanda kuti iwane uye ichizvibatanidza pachayo kune mamwe masero emukenza. Chimwe chinowanikwa, "payload" yake-chemotherapy mishonga-inowanikwa zvakananga kune kenza yesero.

Intravenous Chemotherapy: Peripheral IV vs. Port vs. PICC vs. Tuneled CVC

Mubvunzo mumwe waunogona kutarisana nawo kana iwe une IV chemotherapy ndeyekuti uve nemishonga iyi kuburikidza nedzimwe rutivi IV-IV inowanikwa muruoko rwako kana ruoko-kana kuti kuburikidza nepakati catheter catheter (CVC).

Uine chirwere chinonzi IV, chiremba wako chemotherapa achaisa IV mumaoko ako pakutanga kwekusanganiswa kwega kwega nekubvisa pakupedzisira. Chimwe chetatu catheter chinogadziriswa chinotanga kusati yatanga chemotherapy uye inowanzosiyirwa munzvimbo kuburikidza nekureba kwehutano. Pane zvipingamupinyi uye zvinobatsira zveimwe neimwe nzira idzi , asi dzimwe nguva rutivi rukuru runotenderwa (somuenzaniso, ne chemotherapy mishonga yakanyanya inogumbura kumasuru).

Pane mitatu mikuru mikuru yemiganhu. Chikwangwani che chemotherapy , kana port-o-cath, ipurasitiki duku kana chigadziko chesimbi chinowanikwa pasi peganda rako, kazhinji pamapfupa ako. Yakabatanidzwa kune ichi catheter iyo yakasungirwa mukati mevheta huru pedyo nepamusoro pemwoyo wako. Izvi zvinowanikwa muimba yekushandira pasi pemamiriro asina hutsika zvakanakisisa pavhiki kana kuti zvisati zvaitika mushure mekuputika kwako kwekutanga. Nzvimbo inogona kukuchengetedza iwe unodzokorora shandi dzomutambo IV uye unogona kushandiswawo kuteura ropa uye kupa ropa.

PICC mutsara inowanikwa mumvura yakadzika mukati mechanza chako uye inogona kushandiswa kwevhiki rimwe chete kusvika matanhatu. Kana mishonga yenyu ichikuvadza kubva chemotherapy, kana kuti duku kudarika PICC mutsara kuiswa, CVC ye tunneled ndiyo nzira yechitatu kune vamwe vanhu. Mune nzira iyi, catheter inogadziriswa pasi peganda, kazhinji pamapfupa ako, uye catheter inosungirirwa mukati mevheinini yakawanda seyende kana PICC mutsara.

Kakawanda sei Chemotherapy Inopiwa?

Chemotherapy inowanzopiwa pamusoro pemisangano yakasiyana-siyana, yakaparadzana nekanguva (kazhinji vhiki mbiri kusvika kutatu). Sezvo chemotherapi inobata masero ari mukutengesa kwemasero, uye masero ekenza yose ari mune dzimwe nyika dzakasiyana dzekuzorora nekuparadzanisa, zvinowanzogadziriswa zvinoita kuti mukana wakawanda wekurapa kanese masero emukenza sezvinobvira. Nguva yakawanda pakati pemisangano ichasiyana nekuenderana nemishonga, asi inowanzogadziriswa panguva iyo ropa rako kuverengerwa inotarisirwa kuti yadzokera kune yakajairika.

Kusanganiswa Chemotherapy

Kubatanidzwa kwemakemikrasi akasiyana-siyana-anonzi semasanganiswa chemotherapy -anowanzoshandiswa kurapa kenza, kwete pane imwe mishonga chete. Pane zvikonzero zvakawanda zveizvi. Kanzera masero mumatumbo haasi ose munzvimbo imwechete mukugadzirwa kwekukura. Kushandisa zvinodhaka zvinokanganisa kushandiswa kwemasero pamakona akasiyana mukuwedzera uye kushandiswa kwesero kunowedzera mukana wekuti kanomwe masero emasero anokwanisa kunge achirapa. Kushandisa mishonga yemishonga kunogonawo kubvumira vanachiremba kushandiswa kwemasero maduku evanhu vanoverengeka, panzvimbo yepamusoro yewaini imwe chete, zvichiita kuderedza kuora kwechirapa.

Mazwi echiito anowanzoshandiswa kurondedzera chemotherapy protocols. Somuenzaniso, BEACOPP inoshandiswa zvinomwe-zvinodhaka zvinoshandiswa mukurapa Hodgkin's lymphoma.

Zvikamu zveKemotherapy Zvinodhaka

Kune zvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana kana mhando dzekemotherapy mishonga, iyo inowirirana zvose mumashandisirwo ayo (maitiro) uye paanoshanda (chikamu chipi chesero rinotenderera.) Mamwe madhiragi anoshanda pane chimwe chezvikamu zvina zvakakosha zvemajeri akaparadzaniswa, asi vamwe- inonzi chigamu chisina kureva mishonga- inogona kushanda pane dzimwe pfungwa. Mamwe emakirasi aya emishonga anosanganisira:

Alkylating Agents: Iri ndiro rinowanzoshandiswa pamakemikrapa emishonga. Izvo hazvisi izvo zvinodhaka zvinokonzera zvakananga DNA uye zvinoshandiswa kuporesa zvakasiyana-siyana zvekenza. Mienzaniso inosanganisira Cytoxan (cyclophosphamide) uye Myleran (busulfan).

Antimetabolites: Zvisiri nyore, mishonga iyi inoshanda nokuzvifungidzira kuti inopa utachiona hwemasero. Masero eC Cancer anotora mishonga iyi panzvimbo yezvinhu zvinovaka uye inowanzofa nenzara kufa. Mienzaniso inosanganisira Navelbine (vinorelbine), VP-16 (etoposide), uye Gemzar (gemcitabine).

Sora Alkaloids: Chikoro ichi chinosanganisira zvinodhaka zvakagadzirwa kubva kumiti yemiti. Mienzaniso inosanganisira Cosmegen (dactinomycin) uye Mutamycin (mitomycin).

Antitumor Mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya: Antitumor antibiotics yakasiyana nemhando dzemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya inoshandiswa mukurapa zvirwere zvebhakitiriya. Iyi mishonga inoita nekudzivirira kenza yemasera kubva pakubereka (uye naizvozvo, chengetedza tumarara kubva pakukura). Mienzaniso inosanganisira Adriamycin (doxorubicin) uye Cerubidine (daunorubicin).

Sei Kachimitikiti Isingaregi Kanzerwa Nguva Dzose?

Sezvo chemotherapi inogona kupedzisira inowedzera kukura kwehutachiona, inogona kuva yakavhiringidza kuedza kunzwisisa kuti sei ichi isingawanzoporesa kanzira (zviremara zvakasimba) zvakapararira. Dambudziko nderokuti masero emukenza anowana nzira dzekubuda kunze kwemishonga pashure penguva. Oncologist inotaura izvi sechirwere chinoramba chichiramba . Ichi ndicho chikonzero nei kusanganiswa kwakasiyana kwemakemikari yemishonga ( yechipiri-line remishonga ) inowanzoshandiswa kana kenza inodzokorora kana ichikura panguva yechikemikari.

Migumisiro Yechechi Chemotherapy

Vanhu vazhinji vanotya nezvekemotherapy, sezvo vachinzwa nhau dzinotyisa kubva kare. Asi sezvo kufambira mberi kwakaitwa kune dzimwe nzvimbo, kuvandudzwa kwakaitwa mu chemotherapy zvakare. Zvikanganiso zvinoramba zvichiitika, asi zvizhinji zvezvi zvinogona kutarisirwa zvakanyanya. Panewo zvinhu zvakawanda zvaunogona kuita kuti uwedzere kunyaradza kwako panguva ino.

Ramba uchifunga kuti munhu wose akasiyana uye anopindura chemotherapy nenzira yakasiyana. Vamwe vanhu vangave vane dzakawanda dzemigumisiro iyi, asi vamwe vangave vasina kana zvachose. Mimwe migumisiro yemigumisiro yaunogona kutarisira ichaenderana nemishonga chaiyo yaunogamuchira, asi dzimwe dzakawanda dzinosanganisira:

• Nausea uye Kuputika: Nausea nekurutsira ndiyo dzimwe nguva inotya zvinokonzerwa nemakemikirwo emakemikari, asi zvose kudzivirira uye kurapwa kwezviratidzo izvi zvakavandudza mumakore achangopfuura. Anti-nausea madhiragi (antiemetics) anowanzopiwa pamwe chete nemakemikari akawanda emishonga yekudzivisa kusuruvara.
  
  Zvose mishonga uye mararamiro ezvinhu zvinogona kubatsira nekemotherapy-induced nausea uye kurutsa . Kutora nguva shomanana yekufunga nezvezvokudya zvaunodya zvakakosha, uye isu tiri kudzidza nekuwedzera nezvekukosha kwekudya kwakanaka panguva yekuchengetedzwa kwekenza. Kunyange zvazvo vanhu vakawanda vakawana kushandisa ginger uye acupressure ye chemotherapy-inosangana neusea inobatsira, idzi nzira dzakasiyana dzinofanira kushandiswa pamwe chete panzvimbo pezvokurapa zvinorambidza kusagadzirisa zvipfeko nokuda kwezvakanakisisa. Pane imwe nguva kushungurudzika kwakave kwakagadzirwa, zvingava zvakaoma kwazvo kutamba "catch up" pane kana chiratidzo chiri kutaurirwa pakarepo.
  
• Kusuruvara Kwebvudzi: Kusuruvara kwebvudzi kunowanzosanganisira chemotherapy, uye kunyange zvisingakuvadzi kuhutano hwako hwepanyama, zvinogona kuodza mwoyo mupfungwa. Hasi dzose chemotherapy zvinokonzera kusuruvara kwevhudzi, asi chii chinoshamisa vanhu vazhinji ndeyekuti chemotherapy mishonga inokonzera kusuruvara kwebvudzi inowanzokonzera kupfuura kurasika kwebvudzi pamusoro wako. Kubva pamusoro pepamusoro wako, kumashizha ako uye eyelashes, kubudisa vhudzi, kugadzirira kusuruvara kwemvere pamakemikari kunogona kukubatsira kurarama zvishoma nezvishoma nezvichauya.
  
  Vamwe vanhu vanozviona zvichibatsira kuenda wig nechisimba kutenga vasati vatanga kurapwa. Vamwe vanoona kuti "kukanganisa" kunogona kuwedzera zvinyoronyoro munguva ino inonetsa. Kunyange zvazvo uine "rubatsiro" rwekusava nekuveura ndebvu yako-kana makumbo ako nekuda kwemukadzi-ari kutambanudza zvishoma, kuseka kwakabatsira vanhu vazhinji vanotarisana nemusana uyu.
  
  Kusuruvara kwebvudzi kunowanzotanga mavhiki maviri kusvika matatu mushure mekurapa kwako kokutanga, uye regrowth inoitika nokukurumidza pashure pokurapa kwako kokupedzisira. Kusuruvara kwebvudzi kunogona kupfuurira kana iwe uchiwana mazairo kumusoro wako, asi kurasikirwa kwebvudzi kusingaperi kunowanikwa nechemotherapy chete. Vatsvakurudzi vakatarisa mune nzira dzekudzivirira kusuruvara kwebvudzi kubva pamakemikirini pamwe nekubudirira kwakaoma.Kushandiswa kwekudziya kwechizoro kwave kuchigadzirisa zvishoma mune zvimwe zvidzidzo, kunyange izvi zvingave zvisina kunetseka uye zvinotakura dambudziko rekugadzirisa kukwanisa kwehutano.
  
• Tora Marrow Kuderedza: Kudzingwa kwemapfupa ndeimwe yemigumisiro yakaipisisa yechemotherapy, asi kutungamira kwechikamu ichi-kunyanya ngozi yezvirwere nekuda kwechichena chekuyera kweropa rega-yakavandudzwa zvikuru mumakore achangopfuura. Zvose zvemasero eropa (masero machena eropa, masero matsvuku eropa, uye maplatelet) anoumbwa kubva kumasero emadziro mumapfupa emapfupa. Sezvo izvi zvichikurumidza kuparadzanisa masero, ose acho anogona kuderedzwa ne chemotherapy. Your oncologist inotarisa ropa rakazara (CBC) musati wapera chemotherapy yepasi rose uye chengetedza mazinga ako pedyo. Tora kanguva kuti uongorore mazano aya ekuderedza njodzi yako yehutachiwana panguva yekemotherapy .
  
• Mouth Sores: Inenge 30 muzana kusvika 40 muzana yevanhu vachawana zvirwere zvemakemikari zvinokonzera murwere panguva yekurapa, kunyange zvazvo mimwe mishonga inowedzera kupfuura dzimwe kuti ipe chiratidzo ichi. Kana uri kugamuchira zvinodhaka zvinogona kukonzera maronda emumuromo, mukoti wako wemakemikari angakukurudzira kuti unywe pachikapu chepando kana kuti ice chips apo mishonga inopindirwa. Zvironda izvi zvinogona kusanzwisisika pachavo, asi zvinogonawo kutarisa kune zvipembenene zvechipiri zvakadai semuromo .
  
  Zvishomanana zvekuchengetedza zvinogona kuita kusiyana kukuru mukunyaradza kwako. Mazano anobatanidza kudzivisa michero yeviriti, zvokudya zvinonaka uye zvinyoro, uye zvokudya pane kutonhora kwakanyanya, nekuderedza zvokudya zvine mitsetse yakajeka yakadai sevaputi. Unogona kunzwa vanopukunyuka kenza vachitsvaga pamusoro pe " magic mouthwash " pamaronda emuromo asi, taurai neo oncologist musati makashandisa chero kugadzirira, mushonga wepamutemo kana zvimwe.
  
• Ramba Kuchinja: Kuchinja kunoshandiswa, kunowanzozonzi "muromo wesimbi," kunoitika hafu yevanhu vanoita chemotherapy. Kunyange zvazvo ichi chiratidzo chinowanzowanzovhiringidzika, tarisa mazano aya ekugadzirisa utano hwekemotherapy-induced inward changes . Vanhu vazhinji vanoona kutora uku kunoshandura kuderera kana vasinganzwisisiki kune zvinodiwa zvekudya nezvikafu zvinopisa uye kushandisa sauces yakasiyana-siyana (kuwedzera mvura kune zvekudya kunogona kubatsirawo nemaronda emuromo). Kubudirira pa mints kana chewing gum, uye kushandura midziyo yepurasitiki kwenguva, inogonawo kubatsira.
  
• Peripheral Neuropathy: Kuenzanisa nekurwadziwa mukupararira kwemagetsi (maoko nemakumbo) zviratidzo zvinowanzoenderana nekemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy uye inokanganisa chikamu chetatu chevanhu vanogamuchira chemotherapy Dzimwe mishonga, kunyanya "platinum" agents, zvinowanzoita kuti kuitika kune vamwe. Mitsipa yedu yakasungirirwa nezvinhu zvinonzi myelin izvo zviito zvakafanana nenzira yekunze kwechigadziko chemagetsi. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti mishonga iyi nenzira imwechete inokuvadza myelin uye, pakuita kudaro, inoparadza kushandiswa kwemaitiro emagetsi.
  
  Kusiyana nehuwandu hwezviratidzo zvinosanganisira chemotherapy, neuropathy inoramba ichisimba pashure pokunge chemotherapy yapera, uye dzimwe nguva-inogona kuva yakasimba. Kutsvakurudza ku glutamine nedzimwe nzira dzinogona kudzivirira chirwere chepfungwa kuti chirege kuitika panzvimbo yekutanga chiri kupfuurira. Taura nechiremba wako pamusoro pezvinhu izvi usati watanga chemotherapy.
  
• Bowel Inoshanduka: Chemotherapy zvinogona kukonzera mararamiro kubva kubva pakuvhara kusvika kuhara, zvichienderana nemishonga. Kunyanya kunowanzoonekwa nemimwe yemishonga inoshandiswa kudzivisa kushungurudza, uye chiremba wako angarumbidza zviyero zvekudzivisa kubatwa panguva yemakemikari, zvakadai sechitsiko chechigodhi, chekudya, kana kuti zvose. Dhairrhea inogona kukurumidza kuva dambudziko kune vanhu vane chemotherapy, zvikurukuru sezvo inobatsira kuti mvura irege kunyura. Tarisa izvi zvakanakisisa zvekudya zvekurara kubva chemotherapy , asi iva nechokwadi chokuti utaure nachiremba wako nekukurumidza kana iwe uchinge uwedzere.
  
• Sun Sensitivity: Vakawanda chemotherapy mishonga inowedzera mukana wako wekutora zuva kana uchibuda muzuva, chimwe chinonzi chemotherapy-induced phototoxicity . Bvunza chiremba wako kana mishonga yauchawana nzvimbo yako pangozi uye chii chaunofanira kutora. (Cherechedza: Zuva reScreen rinogona kunge risina kubudirira uye rinogona kutsamwisa ganda rako, kunyanya kana uri kuwanawo kurapa kwemaawa.)
  
• Chemobrain: Izwi rokuti chemobrain rakagadzirirwa kurondedzera kukanganisa kune vamwe vanhu vanowanikwa panguva uye mushure mekunge chemotherapy. Zviratidzo zvichibva pakuwedzera kukanganwa kusvika kunetseka nekuwanda kwevanhu vakawanda zvinogona kuodza mwoyo, uye zvinogona kubatsira kuti nhengo dzemhuri dzive neruzivo rwechiitiko ichi chinogona kuitika. Vamwe vanhu vanoona kuti kuchengeta uropi hwavo hunoita nemitambo yakadai se crossword puzzles, sudoku, kana chipi zvacho "vadzidzisi veuropi" vanonakidzwa vanogona kubatsira mumazuva nemavhiki anotevera kurapwa.
  
• Kuneta: Kuneta ndechimwe chinhu chinowanzosvibisa chikamu chemotherapy, chinokanganisa anenge munhu wese anogamuchira kurapwa uku. Zvinosuruvarisa, rudzi urwu rwokuneta harusi rudzi rwekuneta runopindura mukombe wekofi kana usiku hwakanaka hwekurara. Kune zvinhu zvakawanda zvingakubatsira kuti utsungirire kurwara kwekenza , asi chinonyanya kukosha ndechokuti uzvibvumira nguva yakawedzerwa yaunoda kuti ugare. Iyo yakanakisisa "kurapwa" kwechikamu ichi chinobudirira ndeyekusvika kune mhuri neshamwari uye kuvabvumira kuti vakubatsire iwe. Izwi rokuti "rinotora musha" hakuna zvakakodzera sekushandiswa kwechemotherapy.

Nenguva Yakareba Migumisiro yeKemotherapy

Iko kwenguva yakareba migumisiro yechemotherapy haisi yekutanga kunetseka kwako paunonzwa unoda chemotherapy kune kenza. Nezvose kurapwa kwekenza, zvinobatsira zvekurapa zvinoda kuyerwa nezvisungo zvinogona kuitika. Kunyange zvakadaro, zvakakosha kuziva zvimwe zvekuguma kwemigumisiro-migumisiro yechirwere inenge isingaitike kusvikira mwedzi kana kunyange makore apedza kugadziriswa kwekenza. Kungofanana nemigumisiro yemazuva mashoma, matambudziko aunozoona zviratidzo izvi anobva pane zvakanyanya chemotherapy mishonga yaunogamuchira. Zvimwe zvinononoka zvinosanganisira:

• Dambudziko reMwoyo: Dzimwe chemotherapy zvinodhaka, kunyanya zvinodhaka zvakadai seAdriamycin (doxorubicin) , zvinogona kukonzera mwoyo kukuvara. Rudzi rwekuparara runogona kubva kubva pamwoyo kusakatika kune matambudziko evhavha kusvika kuhutano hwehutano hwehutano. Kana uri kugamuchira chero ipi zvayo yemishonga iyi, chiremba wako anogona kukurudzira kuongorora mwoyo usati watanga kurapwa. Kurapa kwechirwere kuchipfuva kunogonawo kuwedzera dambudziko rezvinetso zvine chokuita nemwoyo.
  
• Infertility: Vakawanda chemotherapy mishonga vanokonzera kusununguka mushure mokurapa. Kana pane mukana waunoda kubata mushure memakemikrasira, zvirongwa zvakadai sokushushikana kwemuviri kana mazai anotsvaira zvakashandiswa kubudirira nevanhu vazhinji. Iva nechokwadi chekuita hurukuro iyi usati watanga kurapwa.
  
• Chirwere Chepfungwa Neuropathy: Kuomba, kupera, uye kurwadziwa mumakumbo ako uye nemaoko zvinokonzerwa nemamwe chemotherapy agents zvinogona kuramba kwemwedzi yakawanda, kana kuti zvingave zvisingagumi, Sezvakataurwa, tsvakurudzo dziri kuitwa kuti titsvake nzira dzokuti tisati tabata chete asi zvidzivise kuti zvirege kuitika zvachose.
  
• Secondary Cancers : Sezvo mamwe makemikrasi anoshandiswa nekuita kuti DNA iparadzwe mumasero, inogona kunge isina kungoita kanzera chete asi inotanga kukonzera mumwe munhu kuti ave nekenzawo zvakare. Muenzaniso weiyi ndiko kukura kweukamaikemia kune vanhu vakambobatwa neCytoxan (cyclophosphamide), chirwere chinowanzoshandiswa mumushonga wekenza yemvere. Aya kanzura anowanzoitika makore mashanu kusvika kune gumi kana kupfuura pashure pokunge chemotherapy yapera.

Zvimwe zvinogona kuitika munguva yekupedzisira zvinogona kusanganisira zviratidzo zvichibva pakunzwa kurasikirwa kana chirwere chepapu fibrosis. Kunyangwe njodzi yekushandurwa kwakashata kunowanzoenzaniswa nekuenzanisa nekubatsirwa kwerapa, tora nguva yekutaura nachiremba wako pamusoro pemigumisiro iyo inogona kunge yakasiyana nemamwe makemikrapa regimen.

Mibvunzo Yekubvunza Pamusoro peKemotherapy

Kuva neruwandu rwemibvunzo iripo paunoona chiremba wako achiwedzera mukana wekuti iwe uchanzwisisa kurapa kwako pamwe chete. Funga nezvemibvunzo inotevera, uye uwedzere iwe pachayo unouya mupfungwa:

• Ndeipi chinangwa che chemotherapy iwe uchave uchigamuchira? Mune mamwe mazwi, chinangwa chekuporesa kenza yako, kuwedzera hupenyu hwako, kutarisa kuvepo kuti kenza dzemasera dzakapararira mushure mekuvhiyiwa, kana kuti kuderedza zviratidzo?
• Ndeapi chaiwo chemotherapy mishonga iwe wauchawana? Mishonga iyi ichapiwa sei? Iwe unokurudzira chikepe kana PICC mutsara here, kana inonzi peripheral IV OK?
• Mari icharasikirwa zvakadini?
• Ndeipi kupi waungagamuchira chemotherapy yako?
• Iwe unowanzova nekushungurudzwa kakawanda sei, uye vangani zvidzidzo zvichadiwa?
• Inguva ipi inosvika purogiramu imwe neimwe?
• Ko chemo inobata sei upenyu hwako hwezuva nezuva, kukwanisa kushanda, uye kukwanisa kutarisira vana vako?
• Zvakanaka kuenda ndoga here, kana iwe unoda shamwari kuti ikufambise?
• Ndezvipi zvinowanzova nemigumisiro yakawanda yekurapa uku, uye chii chinoitwa kugadzirisa chimwe nechimwe chezvi? Izvozvo zvinotarisirwa kutanga rini, uye rinowanzoenda rini? Pane imwe nguva inowanzoguma migumisiro yechirwere ichi here?
• Kana chirwere chinonzi neuropathy chinogona kukanganisa, pane chimwe chinhu chingaitwa nenzira inofanirwa kuderedza ngozi?
• Zvichida iwe ucharasikirwa nevhudzi rako here? (Makambani akawanda einishuwarenzi anotora wig asi anoda mishonga kubva kune oncologist yako.Ichirairo inofanira kunyorwa nokuda kwe "bvudzi" kana kuti "cranial prosthesis" kuitira kuti ifukidzwe.)
• Ndeipi migumisiro yechirwere inofanira kukuita kuti utone pakarepo? Nemamwe mazwi, chii chinogona kuitika nokukurumidza?
• Kana iwe uchida kuva nevana munguva yemberi, chemo inobata sei kubereka kwako uye ndezvipi matanho aungatora kuti uchengetedze kukwanisa kwako kuva nevana?
• Nenguva ipi ropa rako rinofanira kuongororwa? Ndeipi inofanirwa kuva nhamba yako isati yasvika? Chii chichaitika kana uwandu hwako hwakanyanya kuderera?
• Iwe unoda kutora mishonga mushure mekunge uenda kumusha, zvakadai semarara ekudzivirira kudzivirira kana majekiseni anokonzera masero ako machena here?
• Iwe unoda here kutora chero zvipi zvidzidzo zvakakosha? Somuenzaniso, iwe unoda kugara kure nevarume vanorwara, chenjererai muzuva, rega kushandura chidimbu, kana kupfeka masikisi mune vanhu?
• Kune vakadzi vepenopaopausal, unoda here kushandisa simba rekuberekwa?
• Unofanira kutora chero mavitamini kana kuti kudya kunovaka muviri panguva yechikemikari here? (Chemotherapy inogona kukugadzirisa kuti uwane mavitamini, asi mamwe mavitamini nemaminerari zvinowedzera zvinogona kukanganisa chemotherapy .)
• Pane majekiseni aunoda here? (Iyi ruzivo pamusoro pemishonga yevanhu vane kenza inobvunzurudza zvirwere zvose zvinogona kukurudzirwa uye zvirwere zvinofanira kudziviswa panguva yekurapa kenza.)
• Ndeapi mamwe maitiro kana mamwe mazano ekuwedzera (maitiro ekubatanidza kwekenza ) angabatsira kubvisa zviratidzo zve chemotherapy? Aya aya anowanikwa panzvimbo yako yekenza here?
• Pane here maikiriniki anoongororwa anowanikwa angave akabudirira kupfuura regimen inokurudzirwa?
• Iwe (uye nguva) iwe uchaziva sei kana chemotherapy yemishonga iri kushanda?
• Chii chinonzi "chirongwa B" kana chemotherapy isingabatsiri?
• Ndiwe ani waunofanira kudana kana iwe une dambudziko, zuva kana usiku?

Nyaya Dzinobatsira

Vazhinji vedu tinotora hutano husati taita hutachiwana. Kudzidza iwe unoda chemotherapy kunogona kuti iwe unetseke kuti iwe uchazomboita sei zvipikirwa zvako "zvakajairika" pamwe nekurapa kwako. Tora nguva yekufungisisa nyaya idzi dzinoshanda uye funga nezvekubatsira kwaunoda kuti uchengete hupenyu hwako huchifamba zvakanaka. Iwe unoda kutasva kune kenza yako kanhara here? Iwe unoda rubatsiro nekutarisira vana here? Heano mazano mashoma ekukubatsira kugadzirira:

• Sarudza shamwari yakanaka kana vaviri vanogona kunge vari "vatungamiri" vako pavanosvika pane zvinyorwa uye vachitaurira vamwe.Vanhu ava vanogona kubatsira kubatanidza zvakaitwa neshamwari dzakapa kupa rubatsiro, uye kuita sevatauriri kana iwe usingadi chaizvo pindura foni zvakare. Vanhu vazhinji vanotanga nzvimbo paCaring Bridge kana nzvimbo yakadaro iyo vanogona kugoverana maitiro ekurapa kwairi kuenda. Aya masayiti anogonawo kuva chinhu chikuru chekukurudzira uye anobvumira shamwari kutumira rudo rwavo pasina kunetseka pamusoro pokukuvhiringidza. Nzvimbo dzakadai saLotsa Helping Hands dzinogona kuva dzinokosha pakuronga mabasa pakati pevaya vakazvipira kubatsira. Zvingave kuri kugadzirira kudya kuti vauye kwauri, kubatsira nemabasa epamba, kana kupa vana kuchengetwa kwevana, vanhu vanogona kusayina mazuva uye nguva kuti vape rubatsiro rwavo.
• Iwe ungangodaro upedze nguva yakawanda yakagara iwe panguva dzezvikamu zvako zvekuperesa. Tarisa mazano aya pamusoro pekutakura chemotherapy kune mazano pane zvakanakisisa zvinhu zvinounzira kunyaradza kwako uye kudzivirira kusuruvara.

Kune Shamwari uye Mhuri

Sezvo mudiwa wako anotanga chemotherapy, unganzwa uchinetseka, uchifunga kuti chii chaunogona kuita kuti ubatsire. Zvingave zvichibatsira kugadzirira kudya kwechando kana kuchera uswa, funga nezvemarenda ako uye nzira dzaunofarira chaizvo kuita hupenyu hwomunhu iyeye panguva yekufamba chemo pamwe chete. Yeuka mupfungwa kuti manzwiro anokwanisa kutarisa kuonekwa apo mumwe munhu anoonekwa ane kenza. Iva nemoyo murefu uye edza kuti usazvitora iwe pachako kana mudiwa wako asina kudarika pane dzimwe nguva. Vakawanda vedu hatisi vedu vane tsika dzakanaka pachedu patinenge takaneta, tichishushikana, kana mukurwadziwa.

Heano mazano mashomanana ekutsigira munhu waunoda nekenza , asi chinonyanya kukosha chiripo. Chimwe chekutya kukuru kwevanhu vane kenza ndeyega.

Shoko Rinobva

Kana chemotherapy yakakurudzirwa sechirwere chekenza yako, unenge uchida kunetseka. Zvakaoma kudzivisa kunzwa nhau dzinotyisa dzemazuva akapfuura. Iwe unogona kuve uchiyeuchidza iwe kuti kufambira mberi kwakanaka kwakaitika mukurapa kenza. Zvechokwadi, kune migumisiro yechirwere, asi kuvandudzwa kwehutungamiri hweizvi kwakauya nenzira yakareba. Bvunza mibvunzo. Dzidza zvakanyanya zvaunogona pamusoro pekuongorora kwako, uye uve iwe mumutsigiri wako mukuchengetedzwa kwekenza .

Kanzira inogona kuva inofungidzika mupfungwa . Sarudza shamwari shoma dzaunokwanisa kuudza manzwiro ako pachena uye pachena. Iwe hausi nguva dzose unofanirwa kuchengeta maonero akanaka nekenza . Ichokwadi, zvinokosha kuzvikudza iwe nekuratidza izvo zvisinga-zve-mafungiro akanaka. Tsvaga shamwari idzodzo dzinoteerera pasina kutonga, dzinyaradza mweya wako, uye dzikubatsire kuwana ruzha pakati pematambudziko.

Chemotherapy inogona kuva yakaoma, asi inogonawo kuva nguva inokosha. Vanhu vazhinji vanotarisa kumashure pamakemikrasi avo mazuva asingazivi, sezvavanoyeuka nguva ino yekubatana nevanodikanwa-nguva iyo manzwiro akadzama akayerera zvakanyanya. Kanzira mishonga inogona kukukwevera pasi zvishoma, asi kenza kanowanzochinja vanhu nenzira dzakanaka zvakare. Ramba uine ziso rakazarurirwa kune iyo sirivha iyo inopenya kuburikidza negore rekenza.

_Sources:

_{American Society of Clinical Oncology. Cancer.Net. Kunzwisisa Chemotherapy. Yashandurwa 08/2015. http://www.cancer.net/navigating-cancer-care/how-cancer-treated/chemotherapy/understanding-chemotherapy}

> Longo, DL Misimboti yeHarrison yekurapa mukati . 2013. New York: McGraw-Hill.

_{National Cancer Institute. SEER Training Manual. Mhando dzeKemotherapy Zvinodhaka. Yakasvika 08/16/16. http://training.seer.cancer.gov/treatment/chemotherapy/types.html}

> Niederhuber, J., Armitage, J., Doroshow, J., Kastan, M., uye J. Tepper. Abeloff's Clinical Oncology: 5th Edition. 2013. Philadelphia: Churchill Livingstone / Elsevier.