Kushandisa Cellular "Tags" kuumba Targeted Therapies
CD markers, inozivikanwawo seCD antigens, ndiyo yakasiyana siyana yemamoreksi yakawanikwa pamasero emasero anobatsira kusiyanisa imwe sero kubva kune imwe. Zvechokwadi, mavambo "CD" anomiririra "boka rekusiyanisa," zita rekutsvaga rayo rakatanga rakatangwa muna 1982.
Nepo vamwe vanhu vangave vachiziva mazwi eCD4 neCD8, ayo anosiyanisa masero ezvirunodziviriro edziviriri anozivikanwa seT-cells , hapana pasi pe 371 anozivikanwa antigens CD anowedzera "yese" yese yomuviri, achipa mumwe nomumwe mucherechedzo wake wakasiyana .
Ipi CD Marker Inotiudza
Pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, mabhuku eCD anoshandiswa kuisa masero eropa machena anobudiswa nemuviri kuti abatsire kurwisa zvirwere. Aya masero ari epakati pezvikamu zvemuviri wechirwere chemuviri unoshanda mumutsara kuti uzive, unotarisirwa, uye usagadzirisa zvirwere zvinokonzera zvirwere.
Somuenzaniso, CD4 T-cells inonzi "masero masero" nokuti basa ravo kuratidza "muurayi" CD8 T-seli kurwisa uye kutapudza pathogen.
Nokunyatsonzwisisa masimba aya, masayendisiti anogona kushandisa maCCD kuti arege kungoongorora hutachiwana hwehutachiona (hunotarwa nekuwedzera kana kuderera mumatare esero) asi kuenzanisa simba remuviri wezvirwere. Mimwe mitemo yakadai seHIV uye nhengo yekugadziriswa inosanganiswa nekudzivirira muviri , zvichireva kuti muviri hauzi kukwanisa kudzivirira kudzivirirwa kwezvirwere sezvinoratidzwa nekushaikwa kweCD4 T-cells.
Isati yatanga kubudiswa kweCCD nomenclature, kuongororwa kwemaitiro omunhu kunowedzera zvakaoma uye kwete.
CD Markers muCcercer Diagnosis uye Treatment
Mukuwedzera pakatarisa utachiona nehutachiona hwehutachiwana, CD antigens inogona kushandiswa kuona kukura kusina kukwana kwemasero anozivikanwa seyeoplasm . Neoplasms inogona kuva yakaipa (isina kenza), inokuvadza (kanzira), kana yakanyanyisa, asi, seimwe imwe sero, ine makadhi eCD ayo masayendisiti angashandisa kudziona.
CD markers haisi inokosha chete mukuongororwa kwekenza, vanogona kubatsira kuziva kuti ndeapi maitiro ehutano angave akabudirira zvikuru uye anoona kushanda kwakadini kurapwa kuri kutarisa kuchinja mune zvakakosha zveCD.
Uyezve, vanotsvakurudza nhasi vanogona kugadzira rudzi rwekuzvidzivirira kweprotini, inozivikanwa se monoclonal antibody (mAb) , iyo inofananidzwa kune imwe CD CD antigen. Izvozvo zvinokonzerwa nemasikirini anofananidza izvo zvakagadzirwa nemuviri uye zvinogona kushandiswa kurwisa kenza mune imwe nzira yehutano inozivikanwa seyakakosha immunotherapy .
Kana injowa mumuviri, maAbs anogona kuita nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana zvichienderana nekugadzirwa kwavo:
- Vanogona kusungira kuCCD marker pamasero ekenza nekuvaparadza.
- Vanogona kusungira kuCCD mark pamasero ekenza uye vanovhara kukwanisa kwavo kudzokorora, kumira kana kuderedza kukura kwavo.
- Vanogona kukurudzira kudzivirirwa kwomuviri kwepanyama chaiyo kune kenza iyoyo.
Kunze kwemuviri, maAbs anowanzoshandiswa kuongororwa kuti aone ma antigen anonzi CD muropa, mavara, kana masero emumuviri.
Targeted Immunotherapy yeK cancer
Monoclonal antibodies nhasi inoshandiswa kurapa zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira zvimwe zvinokonzerwa ne autoimmune nemamwe marudzi ekenza. Kubudirira kwavo kunogona kusiyana, uye mamwe kanzira inopindura zviri nani kune vamwe.
Nezvo zvichitaurirwa, kufambira mberi muine genetic teknolojia kwaita kuti kuwedzerwa kuwanda kwenhengo dzakagamuchirwa dzomuviri dzinogamuchirwa. Kusiyana nezera rekare remakemikrasi iyo inofanirwa kutsvaga-kudzokorora masero, ose ane kenza uye ane hutano, zvizvarwa izvi zvitsva zvinodhaka zvinongorongedza chete masero ane CD "tag".
Pakati pezvinodhaka zvino zvakagamuchirwa neU.S. Food Drug Administration kuti ishandiswe mukenza immunotherapy:
- Adcetris (brentuximab vedotin) yakashandiswa kurapa Hodgkin lymphoma uye amaplastic yakakura sero lymphoma
- Arzerra (ofatumumab) yakashandiswa kurapa duku lymphocytic leukemia (SLL) uye chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)
- Blincyto (blinatumomab) inoshandiswa kurapa mamwe marudzi eacute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL)
- Campath (alemtuzumab) yaishandiswa kubata CLL
- Gazyva (obinutuzumab) yaishandiswa kurapa SLL neCLL
- Herceptin (trastuzumab) yaishandiswa kurapa dzimwe kenza dzemazamu uye yepamu
- Kadycla (ado-trastuzumab emtansine) inoshandiswa kurapa mamwe marudzi echepamu rehadzi
- Keytruda (pembrolizumab) inoshandiswa kugadzirisa dzimwe musoro nemutsipa wekenza
- Ontak (denileukin diftitox) inoshandiswa kurapa lymphoma yeganda
- Opdivo (nivolumab) inoshandiswa mukurapa menza yemapapu emapapu uye mamwe musoro nemutsipa kanzura
- Rituxan (rituximab) yakashandiswa kurapa mamwe marudzi easiri Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL)
- Zevalin (ibritumomab tiuxetan) yakashandiswa kurapa mamwe marudzi eNHL
> Sources:
> America Cancer Society. "Monoclonal antibodies kuti inorapa kenza." Atlanta, Georgia; yakarongwa muna October 2017.
> Vanneman, R. naDranoff, G. "Kubatanidza immunotherapy uye zvinotarisirwa kurapwa mukenza kurapwa." Nat Rev Cancer. 2012: 12: 237-51. DOI: 10.1038 / nrc3237.