Immunotherapy 101: Chii Chaicho uye Iyo Inoshanda Sei

Nzira Iyo Immunotherapy Inogona Kubatsira Maitiro Edu Emunodzivirira Kurwisa Kanzera

Kana uri kunzwa uchinetseka pamusoro pokuti kunyatsoshanda kunobata sei chirwere chekenza, kune chikonzero chakanaka. Immunotherapy haisi chirwere chimwe chete chekurapa; pane kune dzakawanda zvakasiyana-siyana zvakasiyana-siyana zverapa inowira pasi pemusoro uyu. Zvinowanzoitika ndezvekuti kurapwa uku kunoshandisa maitiro ezvirwere zvekuzvidzivirira, kana maitiro ehutachiona hwemuviri, kurwisa kenza.

Mune mamwe mazwi, kurapwa uku, kunonzi biologic therapy, kunoshandiswa kuchinja masimba emumuviri kana kushandisa zvinhu zvakaitwa nemaune masimba ekurwisa kenza.

Nei Chirwere Chisingaoneki?

Kana iwe wakamboverenga pepanhau munguva pfupi, iwe wakangodaro wakaona zvinyorwa zvemashoko makuru zvakadai se "chirwere chiri pedyo" apo rinotsanangura immunotherapy. Icho chinhu chingave chichifadzwa pamusoro, kana kuti chinongova nhepfenyuro yehuwandu here?

Apo isu tangoti tangotanga kudzidza pamusoro pemishonga iyi, uye ivo zvechokwadi havashandi kune makondombera ose, munda we immunotherapy zvechokwadi chimwe chinhu chakanakidzwa pamusoro. Muzvokwadi, immunotherapy yakanzi zita ra2016 remakiriniki remakiriniki anotangira gore neAmerican Society of Clinical Oncology. Kune avo vanorarama nekenza, munda uyu pamwe chete nekufambira mberi mune zvirano zvakadai sekurapa mazano, ndezvikonzero zvekunzwa pfungwa yetariro-kwete kungoitika mune ramangwana, asi nhasi.

Kusiyana nehuwandu hunobudirira mune oncology iyo inovaka pane kurapwa kwekare, immunotherapy inowanzova nzira itsva zvachose yekurapa kenza (isina-specific immune modulators yakadai seopferon yakave yakapoteredza makumi emakore mashomanana). Kuenzaniswa nemamwe mishonga yakawanda:

• Mimwe yemishonga iyi inogona kushanda pamararamiro emukenza (mune mamwe mazwi, mushonga unogona kushanda, unoti, maranoma nekenza yemapapu).

• Mimwe yemishonga iyi inogona kushandiswa kune yakanyanya kufambisa uye yakaoma kupfuura yese yekurapa kanzira (somuenzaniso, inogona kunge yakagadzirisa zvirwere zvinokonzera kanzera yemapapu epamusoro kana kancreatic kansa).
• Mune zvimwe zviitiko, zvigumisiro zvinogara kwenguva refu-izvo oncologists dzinotaura se "mhinduro yakasimba." Kazhinji kurapwa kwekenza kune mishonga yakasimba, yakadai semakemotherapy nemishonga inotarisa zvakananga kuchinja kwemajeni mukenza masero, haigone; kenza yemasera ekupedzisira inopesana nekurapa. Nepo pasina munhu anotya kunongedza shoko rokuti "kurapwa" asi, pane tariro yokuti kune vashomanana vevanhu vane vamwe mhando dzekenza chero zvakadaro-iyi mishonga inogona kupa mukana wekutora nguva refu yekenza yavo.

Nhoroondo ye Immunotherapy

Pfungwa ye immunotherapy yakambotora nguva yakareba. Makore zana apfuura, chiremba anozivikanwa saWilliam Coley akacherechedza kuti vamwe varwere, apo vane utachiona hwebhakitiriya, vakaonekwa kuti varwisana nevana vavo kanzira. Mumwe chiremba anonzi Steven Rosenberg anorumbidzwa nokubvunza mibvunzo nezvechimwe chinhu chakasiyana nekenza. Pazviitiko zvisingawanzoiti, kenza inogona kungoenda pasina mushonga. Iyi kuregererwa kwepachena kana kuregererwa kwekenza kwakave yakanyorwa, kunyange ichi chiitiko chisingawanzoitiki.

Dhiyabhorosi Rosenberg nharo ndeyokuti murwere wake wemurwere wakanga achirwisa uye akabvisa kenza.

Dzidziso Pamusoro peIndunotherapy

Dzidziso ye immunotherapy ndeyekuti masimba edu ezvirwere anokwanisa kuziva kare kurwisa kenza. Kungofanana nemitumbi yedu inogona kuziva, kuisa mazita, uye kugadzira mhinduro yezvirwere zvemagunha pamusoro pemabhakitiriya uye mavairasi anowira miviri yedu, masero emukenza anogonawo kuiswa seasina kusimba uye kubviswa nemusimba wesimba.

Zvadaro Sei Maitiro Edu Edziviriro Edziviriro Edziviriro Edziviriro Edziviriro Edziviriro Edziviriro Edziviriro Edziviriro Edziviriro Yedu Edziviriro Edziviriro Edziviriro Edziviriro Edziviriro Yedu yeMusana Ev

Kudzidza pamusoro pemichina ye immunotherapy mishonga inobvunza mubvunzo uyu: "Kana masimba edu ezvirwere achiziva kurwisa kenza, sei?

Iko kunouya sei pakati pevarume vaviri uye mumwe muvakadzi vatatu vakagadzirirwa kuva nekenza pamusoro penzira yeupenyu hwavo? "

Chokutanga, masimba ezvirwere zvedu anoshanda nesimba zvakanyanya mukugadzirwa kwekuchenesa masero akakuvara anogona kuguma ave masero emukenza. Tine majini mazhinji akavakwa muDNA yedu, inozivikanwa sechirume suppressor genes , iyo inopa zvirongwa zvemapurotini anogadzirisa uye anobvisa muviri wemasero akakuvadzwa. Pamwe mubvunzo uri nani unogona kuva, "sei isu tose tisingakonzera kenza kakawanda?"

Hapana anoziva chaizvo kuti nei mamwe masero emukenza asingagoni kuonekwa uye kuparadzwa nemaviri ezvirwere. Chikamu chechikonzero, iyo inofungidzirwa, ndechekuti masero emukenza anogona kuva akaoma kuti aone kupfuura mabhakitiriya kana mavairasi nokuti anomuka kubva kumasero anonzi akajairika nemajoni edu ezvirwere. Masero omusununguko akagadzirirwa kuronga izvo zvavanozviona sewe pachako kana kuti kwete, uye sezvo kenza yemasera inomuka kubva mumasero ezvisikwa mumitumbi yedu, inogona kupedzisira yakafanana. Izvo zviyero zvakawanda zvemasero anokonzera zvinogonawo kuita basa, nehuwandu hwekenza masero mumusere unokunda kukwanisa kwenhamba shomanana emasero omumunodzivirira.

Asi chikonzero chacho chinogona kunge chinotyisa kudarika kuonekwa kana nhamba-kana, zvisingaiti, masero ekenza anonyanya kuoma. Kazhinji kenza yemasera inodzivirira masimba ezvirwere ne "kuzvifananidzira" kuti aite semasero akajairika. Mamwe masero emukenza akafunga nzira dzokuzvishandura ivo pachavo, kuisa mask kana iwe uchida. Nokuvanza nenzira iyi vanogona kubva vatiza kuonekwa. Zvechokwadi, rumwe rutivi rwemunyanzvi hwekudzivirira hutachiona hunoshanda nekunyanya kubvisa masikisi kubva mumarara masero.

Semashoko ekupedzisira, zvakakosha kuona kuti maitiro ezvirwere zvemuviri ane hutano hwakanaka hwekuongorora uye zviyero. Kune rumwe rutivi zvakakosha kurwisa vatorwa vokunze. Kune rumwe rutivi, hatidi kurwisa masero mumitumbi yedu, uye chaizvoizvo, zvirwere zvinotapira muviri zvakadai se rheumatoid arthritis zvakabatana ne "kushandiswa kwezvirwere zvekudzivirira muviri."

Kukanganisa kweIndunotherapy

Sezvaunenge uchiverenga, zvakakosha kuziva zvimwe zvekukanganisa kwema immunotherapy panguva ino yekukura. Imwe oncologist yakataura nezvayo nenzira iyi: immunotherapy ndeyekurapa kenza sezvo Wright Brothers rokutanga kuenda kune ndege. Munda we immunotherapy uri mumucheche.

Tinoziva kuti kurapwa uku hakushandi kune munhu wese, kana kunyange kune vazhinji vevanhu vane kanzira dzakawanda. Mukuwedzera, isu hatina chiratidzo chakajeka chekuti ndiani achanyatsobatsirwa nemishonga iyi. Kutsvaga kwezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana, kana dzimwe nzira dzokupindura mubvunzo uyu, inzvimbo inoshingaira yekutsvakurudza panguva ino.

Kakaverengeka Kudzokorora kweMusununguko Wechirwere neCancer

Kuti unzwisise zvishoma nezvekushandiswa kwemishonga iyi, zvinogona kubatsira kubatsira nekuongorora kwenguva pfupi kuti maitiro ezvirwere zvemuviri anoshanda sei kurwisana nekenza. Simba redu rekudzivirira muviri rinoumbwa nemasero matsvuku eropa pamwe nemasukisi e-lymphatic system yakadai semakirini. Kunyange zvazvo kune marudzi akawanda akasiyana emasero pamwe chete nemakoromendi nzira dzinoita kuti kubviswa kwekenza masero, "zvipfuti zvikuru" mukenza yekurwisana ndeye T-cells (T lymphocytes) uye masero ekuuraya . Iyi nhungamiro yakakwana yokunzwisisa masimba ezvirwere mumuviri anopa hurukuro yakadzika yezvinyorwa zvemashoko omusimba.

Simba reMusune Rinorwisa Kanzera Sei?

Kuti urwise kenza masero, kune mabasa akawanda ezvirwere zvedu zvekudzivirira zvirwere zvinoda kuita. Zviri nyore, izvi zvinosanganisira:

• Kuongororwa: Mishonga yemuviri inotanga kuwana uye kuziva mishonga yemukenza. Masoja edu emumunoda anodiwa kuti zvose zvitarise masero ose ari mukati mavo uye anogona kukwanisa kuona masero emukenza seasingazviti. Chifananidziro chaizova mushandi wemasango achifamba achipfuura musango achitarisa miti inorwara.
• Kunyora: Kana yatoonekwa, masimba edu ezvirwere anofanira kuisa kana kutora majekiseni ekurwisa. Kutevera mutevedzeri, mushandi wemasango aizotanga kuisa kana kuisa miti inorwara ine pevara yeplanje.
• Kuenzanisira: Kana masero emukenza akanyorwa, masero edu emasumbu anoda kurira alamu, kukwezva masero omusununguko anokonzera kenza kune iyo inowanikwa. Achienderera mberi nemufananidzo, mushandi wemasango aifanira kudzokera kuhofisi yake uye foni, zvinyorwa, uye e-mail muti webasa kuti auye uye abvise miti yakaremara.
• Kurwisana: Kana kamera yemukenza ichizivikanwa uye ichicherechedzwa, uye masero ezvirwere zvemusununguko akateerera pane alamu uye akatamira kune imwe nzvimbo, cytotoxic T masero uye masero ehupenyu anouraya uye anobvisa masero emukenza kubva mumuviri. Pakupedzisira, mumufananidzo, vashandi vebasa remuti vaizocheka ndokubvisa miti yakaremara.

Ichi chinyorwa chekuti masero eT anoshanda sei kurwisana nemukenza anotsanangura nzira iyo matanho aya anowanika, uye ichi chinyorwa pamusoro pechirwere chekuchengetedzwa kwekenza chinopa mifananidzo yematanho ega.

Koti Machechi Anodzivisa Sei Kubva mumuviri weAn immune?

Inogonawo kubatsira kuti uzive kuti masero emasero anowanzoita sei kudzivisa kuonekwa kana kurwiswa nemasikirwo edu ezvirwere. Cancer masero anogona kuvanzwa ne:

• Kupera kwekutaura kweantigens pamusoro pemasero. Izvi zvingafananidzwa nemiti inobvisa zviratidzo zvehosha yavo kubva pamatavi awo kana kusiya.
• Kurondedzera zvinhu zviri pamusoro penzvimbo iyo isingaiti maitiro ezvirwere mumuviri. Makero eKenza anogona kubudisa mamolekemu ayo anonyadzisa mafungiro evomuviri. Mukufananidza, miti yacho yaizoita chimwe chinhu chokudzinga vashandi vemasango uye basa remiti.
• Kanzera dzemawere dzinogona kukonzerawo masero asina kusangana nekenza kudzivirira zvinhu zvinoderedza kushanda kwemasimba ezvirwere. Iyi nzira inonzi inoshandura microenvironment, iyo yakapoteredza kenza masero. Kutarisa chimiro chacho zvishoma, miti inorwara inogona kukumbira vafern namalaira kuti vabatanidze kuzobatsira varidzi vemasango kurega.

Kana iwe uchivhiringidzika kune zvimwe zvekusiyana pakati pekenza masero, uye chii chinokonzera masero emukenza usina kukwana, nyaya dzinotevera dzinokurukura zvinokonzera sero kenza sero , uye kusiyana kwekenza masero uye masero masero .

Nzira uye maitiro eAnnunotherapy

Iwe unogona kunge wakanzwa immunotherapy inotsanangurwa sehurapa iyo "inosimudzira" maitiro ezvirwere zvemuviri. Aya maitiro ekurapa chaizvoizvo akaoma kunzwisisa kupfuura kungoita kuti zvirwere zvekudzivirira zvirwere zvirambe zvichiwedzera. Ngationei dzimwe nzira iyo immunotherapy inoshanda, pamwe nemapoka emishonga ari kushandiswa kana kudzidza nhasi.

Nzira dzeIndunotherapy

Mimwe nzira iyo immunotherapy mishonga inogona kubata nayo kenza inosanganisira:

• Kubatsira maitiro ezvirwere mumuviri anoziva kenza
• Kubatsira nekukudziridza masero emuviri
• Kutarisana nekenza yekenza yekukanda (de-masking)
• Inopindirana ne microenvironment yekenza masero kuburikidza nekuchinja mararamiro emagetsi
• Kushandisa nheyo dzomuviri wedu wechirwere chemuviri se template yekugadzira kenza mishonga

Zvinyorwa zveIndunotherapy

Immunotherapy nzira dzinogamuchirwa kana kuongororwa mumakiriniki ekuongorora zvinosanganisira:

• Monoclonal antibodies
• Checkpoint inhibitors
• Kanzi inopemerwa
• Izvo zvinoshandiswa masero ekurapa zvakadai seC CAR T-cell therapy
• Incolytic viruses
• Cytokines
• Adjuvant immunotherapy

Zvakakosha kucherechedza kuti kune huwandu hunopindirana pakati pemishonga iyi. Somuenzaniso, mishonga inoshandiswa se checkpoint inhibitor inogonawo kunge ine monoclonal antibody.

Monoclonal Antibodies (Therapeutic Antibodies)

Monoclonal antibodies inoshanda kuburikidza nekuita machechi emukenza kune chinangwa uye yakashandiswa kwechinguva, kunyanya kune kanzira dzakadai semamwe marudzi e-lymphoma.

Apo masimba edu emasimba anogunzva mabhakitiriya uye mavairasi, mharidzo inotumirwa izvo zvinoguma nekugadzirwa kwezvirwere. Zvino, kana muvengi iyeye achizviratidza zvakare, muviri unogadzirirwa. Zvirwere zvakadai sekurwiswa kupfurikidza kushanda nekuratidza maitiro ezvirwere zvekuzvidzivirira akauraya chirwere chetachiona (kupfura) kana chirwere chisina kujeka chirwere (the nasal spray) kuitira kuti inogona kubudisa zvirwere uye kugadzirirwa kana chirwere chemararamiro chinorarama chinopinda mumuviri wako.

Mishonga inorapa kana kuti inogadzirisa mishonga yakawanda inoshanda nenzira imwecheteyo asi pane izvi "munhu akaitwa" zvinorwisa zvirwere zvinogadzirirwa kurwisa kenza yemasero panzvimbo pezvipembenene. Zvirwere zvekare zvinosangana nemaantigen (protein markers) pamusoro pekenza masero, sekiyi yaizopinda mucheki. Kana kese masero emukenza akacherechedzwa kana akaiswa, mamwe masero muzvirwere zvemuviri anozivikanwa kuti anoparadza sero. Iwe unogona kufungidzira nezvemonoclonal antibodies sezvakangofanana nemuvara wepe orange unogona kuona pamuti une chirwere. Iti chiratidzo chiratidzo chokuti sero (kana muti) rinofanira kubviswa.

Imwe mhando ye monoclonal antibody inogona kuisa kune an antigen pane kenza yemukenza kuitira kuti huvhare chiratidzo chekukura kubva pakuwana kuwana. Muchiitiko ichi, zvingaita sekuisa kiyi mucheki, kuitira kuti imwe kiyi-chiratidzo chekukura-chisakwanisa kuwirirana. Mishonga Erbitux (cetuximab) uye Vectibix (panitumumab) inoshanda nekubatanidza nekudzivisa mutambo we EFGR (an antigen) pamasero ekenza. Sezvo muwani weEGFR "akavharwa" chiratidzo chekukura hachikwanisi kusunga nekuudza kenza yesero kugovana nekukura.

Rimwe rinoshandiswa rinoshandiswa rinonzi monoclonal antibody is lymphoma mishonga Rituxan (rituximab). Izvi zvinopesana neAn antigen inonzi CD20-chirwere chinoputika chinowanikwa pamusoro pemakirinete anouraya B mune mamwe masero e-cell lymphomas.

Monoclonal antibodies ikozvino inogamuchirwa kune kanzvadzi dzakawanda dzekenza. Mienzaniso inosanganisira:

• Avastin (bevacizumab)
• Herceptin (trastuzumab)
• Rituxan (rituximab)
• Vectibix (panitumumab)
• Erbitux (cetuximab)
• Gazyva (obinutuzumab)

Imwe mhando ye monoclonal antibody is bispecific antibody. Izvi zvinopesana nemasikirini anosungirirwa kune majekiti maviri akasiyana. Imwe inotarisa kenza yesero uye imwe inoshanda kushandura T seki uye kuunza mbiri pamwe chete. Muenzaniso unonzi Blincyto (blinatumomab).

Kugadziriswa kweMonoclonal Antibodies

Iro monoclonal antibodies pamusoro pebasa chete, asi zvirwere zvinogonawo kubatanidzwa chemotherapy zvinodhaka, zvinhu zvinosvibisa, kana inonzi radioactive particle mune nzira yekurapa inonzi conjugated monoclonal antibodies . Izwi conjugated rinoreva "kubatanidzwa." Mune mamiriro ezvinhu, "payload" inowanikwa zvakananga kune kenza yesero. Nokuva nechirwere chechirwere chinosungirirwa kune antigen pane kenza yekenza uye kununura "chepfu" (zvinodhaka, chepfu, kana kuti radioactive particle) zvakananga kune zvinyorwa, zvinogona kunge zvisinganyanyi kuipa kumatunhu ane utano. Mimwe mishonga iyi inogamuchirwa neCDA inosanganisira:

• Kadcyla (ado-trastuzumab): ichi chinonzi antioclonal antibody chinosangana nemishonga yemakemikrasi yekurapa kenza yemazamu
• Adcetris (brentuximab vedotin ): uyu anoropu anobatanidzwawo mune chemotherapy drug
• Zevalin (ibritumomab tiuxetan): uyu anoropiki anobatanidzwa kune radioactive particle
• Ontak ( denileukin difitox ): ichi chinodhaka chinosanganisira monoclonal antibody ine tsvina kubva kubhakitiriya inokonzera chirwere

Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors

Immune checkpoint inhibitors inoshanda nekutora mabheki kubva mumuviri wemuviri.

Sezvakataurwa pamusoro apa, maitiro ezvirwere zvezvirwere zvezvirwere anotarisa uye akaenzana kuitira kuti irege kupfurikidza kana kuisa pasi. Kuti uchengetedze kubva pakuwedzeredza-uye kukonzera chirwere chekudzivirira-kune zviratidzo zvekuchengetedza maitiro pamwe nemugwagwa wemuviri unochengeterwa, sezvinoita mabheki anoshandiswa kuderedza kana kumira motokari.

Sezvakataurwa pamusoro apa, kenza masero anogona kuva anonyengera uye kunyengedzera masimba ezvirwere. Imwe nzira yavanoita izvi inotora mapuroteni ekuona. Checkpoint mapuroteni ndiwo zvinhu zvinoshandiswa kupedza kana kuderedza masimba ezvirwere. Sezvo kenza yemasero inomuka kubva kumasero akare, anokwanisa kuita mapuroteni aya asi anoaishandisa munzira isina kukodzera yekudzivisa kuonekwa nemusununguko wemuviri. PD-L1 uye CTLA4 ndiwo mapuroteni ekuongorora mazita ayo anoratidzwa nenhamba yakawanda pamusoro pemamwe masero emukenza Mune mamwe mazwi, mamwe masero emukenza anowana nzira yekushandisa idzi "mapuroteni anowanzo" nenzira isina kunaka; Kusiyana nevechiri kuyaruka uyo angave ane chitsiko chekutungamira pane accelerator yemotokari, mapurotini aya anoisa rutsoka rutsoka pamabheki ezvirwere zvemuviri.

Mishonga inonzi checkpoint inhibitors inogona kusunga nemapuroteni anoona seP PD-L1, zvichida kusunungura mabheki, saka maitiro emumasimba anogona kudzoka kuzoshanda uye kurwisa kenza masero.

Mienzaniso ye checkpoint inhibitors ikozvino kushandiswa inosanganisira:

• Opdivo (nivolumab)
• Keytruda (pembrolizumab)
• Yervoy (ipilimumab)

Kutsvakurudza ikozvino kutarisa muzvibatsiro zvekubatanidza madzimai maviri kana kupfuura mune iyi. Somuenzaniso, kushandisa PD-1 uye CTLA-4 inhibitors pamwechete (Opdivo neJervoy) iri kuratidza kuvimbiswa.

Kushandiswa Kwemajeri Anobatsira uye CAR T-cell Therapy

Izvo zvinoita sero uye CAR T-cell therapies inodzivirira zvirwere zvedu. Zviri nyore, izvo zvinoita kuti masero edu anorwa nekenza ave varwi vari nani nekuwedzera kana kukwanisa kwavo kurwisana kana nhamba yavo.

Kushandiswa kweChechi yeAdoptive

Sezvakambotaurwa, chimwe chezvikonzero zvikonzero zvomuviri wedu wekuzvidzivirira kwezvirwere hazvirwidzi matumbu makuru ndeokuti ivo vanongopfuura uye vasina zvakawanda. Sekufananidza, iwe unogona kufunga nezvekuva nevarwi gumi pamigero yepamberi inopesana nevane zana vanoshora (kenza masero). Iko kurapwa kunoshandisa zvakanaka kurwisa kwemauto asi kuwedzera mamwe mauto kumberi.

Nezvirapa izvi, vanachiremba vanotanga kubvisa maT cells ako kubva munharaunda yakapoteredza tumarara yako. Kamwe kamwe masero ako eT anounganidzwa, anowedzera murabhu (uye yakagadzirirwa ne cytokines). Mushure mokunge vakwana zvakakwana, ivo vanonzwa zvakare mumuviri wenyu. Iko kurapwa kwave kwakaguma mukurapa kune vamwe vanhu vane melanoma.

CAR T-cell Therapy

Kuenderera mberi nemufananidzo wemotokari kubva kumusoro, CAR T-cell therapy inogona kufungidzirwa semusununguko wemuviri "tune up." CAR inomirira chimeric antigen receptor. Chimerico izwi rinoreva "akabatanidzwa pamwechete." Muchirapa ichi, an antibody anobatanidzwa pamwe (akabatanidzwa kune) T-cell receptor.

Sezvo nekutakura kushandiswa kwemasero, T-masero kubva munzvimbo yechipfuva chako anotanga kuunganidzwa. Yako T-masero anobva ashandurwa kuratidza protein inonzi chimeric antigen receptor kana kuti CAR. Ichi chinotakura paT-masero ako chinovabvumira kuti vashandire kune zvinogamuchirwa pamusoro pekenza masero kuti azviparadze. Mune mamwe mazwi, iyo inobatsira maT-cells mukuziva masero ekenza.

Iko kusati kwave neC CAR T-cellrapi inobvumirwa, asi iri kuongororwa mumakiriniki ekutsvaga nemigumisiro inokurudzira, kunyanya kurwisana neukemia uye melanoma.

Kenza Kurapa Zvirwere

Mishonga yeKenza ine zvirwere zvinoshanda zvakanyanya kuburikidza nekugadzirisa zvirwere zvekudzivirirwa mumuviri nekenza. Iwe unogona kunzwa nezvemishonga inogona kubatsira kudzivirira kenza, yakadai sehepatitis B neHIVV, asi zvirwere zvekenza zvinoshandiswa nechinangwa chakasiyana-kurwisa kenza iripo ikozvino.

Kana iwe uchidzivirirwa, taura, tetanus, muviri wako wekuzvidzivirira unoratidzwa nechidiki chiduku chekuuraya tetanus. Pakuona izvi, muviri wako unozviona sevatorwa, unozviisa kune B-cell (B-lymphocyte) iyo inozobereka zvirwere. Kana iwe zvakare uchitaridzirwa kune tetanus, sekunge iwe unotsika pamusungo unorema, muviri wako wekuzvidzivirira unotorwa uye wakagadzirira kurwisa.

Kune nzira shomanana umo majekiseni aya anobudiswa. Kanese inoporwa inogona kushandiswa kushandiswa kana kushandiswa kwemasero masero, kana zvinhu zvakabudiswa nemasero emarara.

Muenzaniso wemushonga wokurapa kenza mutsva unoshandiswa muUnited States Chirongwa (sipuleucel-T) chekenza yeprostate. Mishonga yeC Cancer ikozvino inogona kuongororwa kwekenza dzakawanda, pamwe nekudzivirira kudzokorora kwekenza yengamu.

Nemukenza wemapapu, zvirwere zviviri zvakasiyana, CIMAvax EGF neVaxina (racotumomab-alum), zvakadzidzwa muCuba nokuda kwekenza isiri duku yemapapu emapapu. Aya majekiseni, akawanikwa achiwedzera kuenderera mberi-kusununguka kusununguka kune vamwe vanhu vane kenza isiri duku yemapapu emapapu , anotanga kuverengwa muUnited States pamwe chete. Aya majekiseni anobata nekuita kuti maitiro ezvirwere zvirwere zvirwere zvinopesana ne epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR). EGFR ipuroteni iri pamusoro pemasero anonyanya kuodzwa mune vamwe vanhu vane kenza yemapapu.

Oncolytic Viruses

Kushandiswa kwemavirusi ecolcolytic yakatumidzwa nenzira yakafanana se "dynamite yekenza masero." Apo patinofunga nezvemagirusi, tinowanzofunga nezvechimwe chinhu chakaipa. Mavirusi akadai sehuwandu anowanzopinza masero edu nekupinda mumasero, kuwedzera, uye pakupedzisira kuita kuti masero aparare.

Zvirwere zvevirus zvinoshandiswa "kuuraya" masero ekenza. Izvi zvinoratidzika sezviri kushanda nenzira shomanana. Vanopinda musero rekenza, vowedzera uye vanoita kuti sero ribude, asi vanobudisawo maantigen muropa iro rinoita kuti mamwe masero ezvirwere zvemusununguko auye uye arwise.

Hakuchina hutachiona hwehutano hwehutachiona hunotenderwa muUnited States, asi huri kuongororwa mumakiriniki ekuedzwa kwevamwe kanzira.

Cytokines (Immune System Modulators)

Immune system modulators iyi inomira ye immunotherapy iyo yave iripo kwemakore mazhinji. Aya marapirwo anotumidzwa se "asina kunyatsodzivirira immunotherapy." Mune mamwe mazwi, vanoshanda kubatsira masimba ekudzivirira zvirwere kuti varwise chero vapi zvavo, kusanganisira chirwere. Izvi zvinonzi immunoregulatory substances- cytokines- kusanganisira zvose interleukins (ILs) uye interferons (IFNs) dzinokurudzira kukwanisa kwemasero ezvirwere kuti varwise kenza.

Mienzaniso inosanganisira IL-2 uye IFN-alpha iyo inoshandiswa pakirwere yepenyo uye melanomas pakati pevamwe kanzira.

Adjuvant Immunotherapy

BCG imwe yemhando yeAdjuvant immunotherapy iyo yakagamuchirwa pakurapa kenza. BCG inomiririra Bacillus Calmette-Guerin uye iri chirwere chinoshandiswa mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzenyika sechidzivirirwa kurwere chetachiona. Inogonawo kushandiswa kurapa kenza yemukaka. Iyo mishonga, panzvimbo yekupiwa sechirwere, inoshandiswa kuiswa muchero. Muchizamu, chirwere chinogadzira mhinduro isina kufanira inobatsira kurwisa kenza.

Migumisiro Yechiri

Chimwe chetariro chave chiri, nokuti immunotherapy inotarisana nekenza kanangwana, kuti idzi kurapwa dzichava nemigumisiro shomanana kupfuura tsika dzekodhese remishonga. Kufanana nemishonga yose yekenza, zvisinei, zvirwere zvinoshandiswa mumasipirisi zvinogona kukonzera kusagadzikana kusina kunaka, izvo zvinosiyana zvichienderana neboka re immunotherapy pamwe chete nemishonga chaiyo. Ichokwadi, imwe yenzira iyo izvi zvinorondedzerwa "chinhu chipi nechipi neIisis" - "itis" kuva chiyero chinoreva kuvhiringidza.

Ramangwana

Munda we immunotherapy unofadza, asi tine zvakawanda zvokudzidza. Zvinofadza, nguva yakareba iyo kutora mushonga uyu mutsva kunoshandiswa kune vanhu vane kenza iri kuwedzerawo, asi munguva yakapfuura pane nguva yakareba nguva pakati pekuwanikwa kwechirwere uye nguva yakashandiswa kuchipatara. Nemishonga yakaita saiyi, iyo mishonga inokurudzirwa kutarisa nyaya dzakananga mukurapa kenza, iyo nguva yekukurumidza inowanzova shoma shoma.

Sezvo zvakadaro, kushandiswa kwemakiriniki kuedza kuri kuchinja zvakare. Munguva yakapfuura, chikamu chekutanga 1 miedzo - miedzo yokutanga umo mushonga mutsva unoongororwa pavanhu-yaifungidzirwa se "denga rekupedzisira". Izvo zvakagadzirirwa senzira yekuvandudza kurapwa kwevaya mune ramangwana pane kuti munhu atore mukutongwa. Iye zvino miedzo iyi inogona kupa vamwe vanhu mukana wega wekugara nehosha yavo. Tora nguva yekudzidza zvakawanda pamusoro pekuedza kwechiremba , uyewo kuti vanhu vanowana sei kuongororwa kwekliniki nokuda kwekenza .

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