Cancer Treatment

Chirongwa CheKenza Kurapa

Ndezvipi zvirongwa zvokurapa zvinowanikwa nekenza, uye nzira idzi dzinoshanda sei? Ndeipi chinangwa chezvirapa izvi, uye zvinoshandiswa rini?

Kusarudza Cancer Treatment Plan

Kana iwe kana mudiwa wako uchangobva kuongororwa ane kenza, unogona kunge uri kunzwa uchinetseka uye uchinetseka. Cancer kana kuti "C" shoko rinogona kuisa pfungwa yekutya uye kutya mukati mevanhu vakashinga. Kufambira mberi kwakawanda kwakagadzirwa mukurapa kenza, kazhinji kubvumira zvisarudzo zvakasiyana siyana zvekutarisira.

Iwe ungaita sei zvisarudzo zvakakunakira iwe semunhu?

Ndinofara kuti haisi kungoita chete kuita zvisarudzo izvi, asi vanhu vane kenza vari kutora basa rakawanda kupfuura kare pavanosarudza kurapa kwavo. Zvisarudzo izvi zvichange zvinoenderana nezvinhu zvakawanda, kusanganisira makore ako, mararamiro uye chirwere chekenza iwe une, uye zvinogona kuitika zvinogadziriswa zvehutano iwe unoda kuzvitsungirira.

• Bhuna-Kushandura Zvinodhaka zveKenza NeT Bone Metastases

• Zvaunofanira Kuita Kana Mishonga Yenyu Yekenza Inokonzera Rash Pakuputika Kwako

Saizvozvowo, kenza yese yakasiyana nemafungiro ema molecular, uye kurapa kunoshanda zvakanaka kune mumwe munhu ane chirwere chekenza chakasiyana chingasashanda kune mumwe munhu ane chirwere chakafanana.

Ngatitarisei mishonga yemazuva ano inowanika, zvinangwa zvakasiyana zvekurapa, uye zvaunogona kuita iwe pachako kuitira kuti uite zvisarudzo zvakanakisisa zvekutarisira kwako.

Local vs. Systemic Cancer Treatments

Kune nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzakakonzerwa nekenza, asi zvinobatsira kutanga kutadza izvi mumatanho maviri makuru: mishonga yemunharaunda uye zvirongwa zvemuitiro wekenza.

Local Treatments - Mishonga yemunzvimbo inotarisana nekenza iyo inotangira munzvimbo. Kuvhiya pamwe chete uye remishonga inonzi radiation inoonekwa semishonga inzvimbo. Vanobata kana kubvisa kenza yepamusoro asi havagoni kurapa masero emukenza angangopararira kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzomuviri.

Zvirongwa zvekugadzirisa - Zvirongwa zvinoshandiswa zvinosanganisira izvo zvinorapa masero emukenza pose paanoitika mumuviri. Nzira dzinopa "systemic coverage" yekenza dzinosanganisira chemotherapy, inotarisirwa kurapwa, hutachiona hwehutachiona, uye immunotherapy. Kana kenza yakapararira kana kana pane mukana yakapararira, chirongwa chemashonga chinonzi chemotherapy chinowanzodiwa kubvisa masero aya. Sezvo zvirwere zvinokonzerwa neropa zvakadai seyukemia zvinokanganisa masero mumaropa-masero anofamba mumarapirwo emuviri-systemic ndiyo nzira yekurapa.

Zvinangwa zveCancer Treatment

Izvo zvakakosha zvikuru kufunga nezvezvinangwa zvekenza yako yekenza usati watanga kenza yeharapi. Zvidzidzo zvinoratidza kuti vanhu vane kenza kazhinji vane zvakatarisa zvakasiyana zvakatarisa kune zvechiremba wavo maererano nekubudirira kwemishonga yakasiyana-siyana.

Zvinangwa zvinogona kusanganisira:

• Kuchengetedza kenza - Chinangwa mukurapa mamwe kanzira ndechokubvisa kenza, saka yakapera nokusingaperi. Zvinosuruvarisa, nekuda kwekuti kenza dzemasero kubva mumakumbo akaoma dzimwe nguva "dzivanze" kwemakore kana makumi emakore, zvimwe zvinangwa zvinowanzoonekwa (kunyange kana mukana wekuti kenza ichadzoka iduku.)
• Kuwedzera hupenyu kana kuderedza dambudziko rekudzoka - Mishonga yakawanda yekenza inopa mukana wekuwedzera hurefu kwenguva iyo mumwe munhu anogona kurarama nekenza, kana kurarama mukuregererwa kubva pamukenza.
• Adjuvant therapy - Adjuvant therapy ndiyo nzira yekurapa umo kurapwa (kazhinji chemotherapy kana kuti radiation therapy) inoshandiswa kuuraya masero emukenza akapararira kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzomuviri (micrometastases) asi haakwanisi kutorwa pane zvidzidzo zvehutachiona. Chirwere chechirwere chinowanzoshandiswa mushure mekuvhiyiwa kuti kuderedze mukana wekuti kenza ichadzoka zvakare.
• Neoadjuvant therapy - Neoadjuvant mishonga inosanganisira iyo (kazhinji chemotherapy kana kuti radiation therapy) iyo inoshandiswa kuderedza ukuru hwechirwere kuitira kuti chirwere chinogona kuitika.

• Kurapa kweperiki - Kuchengetedzwa kwepauli kana kuti "chirwere chinotsigira" rinoreva nzira yekurapa iyo inotarisa zvikamu zvose zvemunhu: muviri, pfungwa, nemweya. Izvi zvinorapwa kuti zvivandudzire hupenyu hwevanhu vane kenza asi hazvigadzirwe kurapa kenza pachayo. Zvakakosha kucherechedza kuti kutarisirwa kwepamusoro kune zvakasiyana kune hospice. Kuchengetedza kunogona kushandiswa kuvandudza hupenyu hwehupenyu kunyange kune vanhu vane kenza inogona kuporeswa.

Kanzera Inogona Kuporeswa Nokurapwa Here?

Mukuongorora zvinangwa zvekurapa vanhu vanogona kushamisika kuti sei izwi rokuti "kurapa" risingatomboshandiswi nemishonga yakasimba uye kuti sei kanzura dzimwe nguva inodzoka. Iko kune mazano akawanda pamusoro pekuti sei kanzura inogona kudzoka , kunyange makumi emakore gare gare. Izvi zvinokosha kuchengetedza mupfungwa kuti kunyange kana pane zvishoma kuti kenza yako ichadzoka mushure mekurapa, panewo nguva shoma yako oncologist inoshandisa shoko rokuti "kurapwa" kana une chiremera chakasimba. Pane kudaro, unogona kunzwa mazwi akadai se "kukanganiswa kwakakwana" uye "hapana uchapupu hwehosha."

• Unogona Kuita Pet Kuti Uve Shamwari Mukati Mushonga Here?

• Zvakaita Vitamin D Zvinogona Kuderedza Kungozi yeCancer

Cancers inogona ku "kurapwa" nemishonga inosanganisira mamwe leukemias uye lymphomas, kenza yekutanga yeanvarian, uye mishonga yakasimba inowanikwa apo chirwere ichi chichiri kuonekwa secarcinoma in situ. Carcinoma in situ inoreva kenza iyo inonyanya kuipa (haina kuumbwa nemasero anonzi precancerous ) asi haipindi muchikamu chepasi. Mune mamwe mazwi, haisi "kamukira" kenza. Ruzhinji rwekenza, kunyange iyo iyo danho rekutanga I, richiri kufungidzirwa kusingaiti pakuti inowedzera kunze kwemuviri wepasi.

Maererano neKancer Treatment Method and Options

Kune nzira dzakawanda iyo kenza inobatwa nayo. Ramba uchiyeuka kuti mukati meimwe yeizvi sarudzo dzinogona kuva nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana uye kusiyana uye kuti izvi zvingasarudzwa zvinogona kukurudzirwa nezvinangwa zvakasiyana mupfungwa. Semuenzaniso, imwe nzira yemishonga inonzi radiation inogona kushandiswa sechirwere chekurapa asi rumwe ruzivo rwemashizha rinogona kushandiswa sechirwere chepalliative, kunyange nemhando imwechete yekenza. Imwe yega nzira idzi dzichawedzerwa mberi mberi. Kurapa nzira dzinosanganisira:

• kuvhiyiwa
• radiation therapy
• chemotherapy
• chinangwa cherapi
• hormonal therapies
• immunotherapy
• stem cell transplants
• kliniki miedzo
• zvimwe zvinokonzerwa nekenza

Kuvhiya seCcercer Treatment

Nezvimwe zvishoma, zvakadai sekenza dzine chokuita neropa seyeukemia, kuvhiyiwa kunopa mukana wakanakisisa wekuporesa kenza kana kuti zvishoma nezvishoma kuderedza mukana wekuti unogona kudzoka zvakare. Chinangwa chekuvhiya chinogona kuva kune:

• Kusangana nekenza - Bhiopsy yekuvhiya inogona kubvisa chikamu chechirwere, kana kenza inogona kubviswa zvachose, kuitira kuti ione kunyatsoongorora.
• Kenza yepakati - Kuratidza kenza-kutarisa kuti kenza yakakura sei uye yakareba zvakadini-inokosha zvikuru mukusarudza kurapa kwakanakisisa kwekenza. Zvinhu zvakawanda zvinoenda pakugadzira kenza, asi kuenzanisa ukuru kwechirwere mushure mekuvhiyiwa ndechimwe chezvinhu izvi. Kuvhiya kunogona kuvawo imwe yekutsvaga kupararira kwekenza kune chinangwa chekugadzira, somuenzaniso, kuburikidza neyeshairary lymph node dissection nekenza yemazamu kana mediastinoscopy nemukenza wemapapu.
• Kenza yehupano - Kana kenza yakasimba inobatwa panguva yekutanga, chirwere chinogona kushandiswa mukuedza kuporesa kenza. Izvi zvinogona kuteverwa nedzimwe nzira dzokurapa dzakadai sedhemotherapy kana kuti remishonga inonzi radiation kuitira kuti uwane chero masero anouraya asina kubviswa panguva yekuvhiyiwa.
• Debulk chiremera - Unogona kushamisika kuti nei kuvhiyiwa kusingashandiswi kakawanda kwekenza huru dzakapararira. Mushure mezvose, haisi pfungwa yakanaka here kuderedza kuderedza ukuru hwechirwere zvakanyanya sezvinobvira? Nezviremera zvakanyanya zvakapfurikidza, zvakadai sechitsauko IV chepachifu chepachifu, chirwere hachikurudzirwe, sezvo kurapwa kwakadai semakemikirini inoshanda zvakanyanya. Izvo zvinenge zvisingaiti mune "chirwere" kana chirwere chinonzi cytoreduction chinogona kuva nezvimwe zvinobatsira kudarika ngozi. Semuenzaniso, kune mamwe maitiro evanhu vanopinda mahara, chirwere chinokonzera madhimoni chinogona kuderedza kuwanda kwechirwere chiripo, zvichibvumira chemotherapy kuti ibudirire mberi kwechirwere ichi chisingawirirani nemishonga iyi.
• Kusangana nekenza - Kuvhiya kunogona kuitwa nekuda kwechikonzero chepamusoro. Somuenzaniso, kuvhiyiwa kunogona kubvisa chikamu chechirwere chinokonzera marwadzo, kuvhiringidza, kana kupindira kune dzimwe nzira mumutumbi.
• Kudzivirira kenza - Kwekenza ine danho rakanyanyisa kana kana inofungidzirwa kuti mumwe munhu angava nekenza munzvimbo yomuviri, kuvhiyiwa kunogona kuitwa kubvisa chirwere musati kenza inogona kukura. Semuenzaniso, vamwe vanhu vane hutano hwepamusoro hwehutachiona hwekudzivirira kenza yebonde vanogona kusarudza kuva nechirwere chekuchengetedza mastectomy.

Ngozi uye Migumisiro Yemaitiro Okuvhiya Kwekenza - Sezvimwe nezvimwe zvirwere zvekenza, kuvhiyiwa kune ngozi, uye zvakakosha kuisa pachena kuti njodzi idzi dzinoderedzwa nezvikomborero zvinogoneka zvekurapa. Njodzi idzi dzinosiyana zvikuru zvichienderana nerudzi rwemarara uye nzvimbo, asi zvinogona kusanganisira kubuda ropa, utachiona, uye zvinetso zveanesthesia.

Nzira dzekuvhiya dzinokosha - Kufambira mberi mumagadziro ekuvhiya, akadai sarudzo ye lumpectomiyo neyechirwere chepachiviriro chekare, ari kubvumira vanachiremba kuti vabvise matumbo nematambudziko mashomanana uye nenguva yekudzidzira nguva. Izwi rokuti chirwere chinoputika chisingaiti chinoshandiswa kurondedzera maitiro aya anopa simba rimwechete rokubvisa chiremera, asi nechinguva chisina kuipa kune zvisikwa zvipenyu. Muenzaniso ndekushandiswa kwevhidhiyo inobatsira chirwere che thoracoscopic kubvisa mutezo wemapapu, kusiyana nemagadziro anowanzoitwa nguva dzose munguva yakapfuura. Kuvhiyiwa robotic mumwe muenzaniso wepurojekiti inokosha yekuvhiya inogona kushandiswa. Kune dzimwe dzakawanda dzimwe nzira dzokuvhiya dzakakosha. Kuvhiya kwema Laser kunosanganisira kushandiswa kwemasimba makuru eredhiyo kurapa kenza. Electrosurgery inoshandiswa nekushandiswa kwemasimba emagetsi emagetsi, uye magicurgery anoshandisa chando chakaita semvura inonzi nitrogen kuti iome mafungu.

Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy inoreva kushandiswa kwemakemikari (mishonga) kubvisa muviri wekenza masero. Mishonga iyi inoshanda nekupindira kubereka uye kuwedzera kwemasero anokura anokura, akadai sekenza masero.

Sezvo mishonga iyi yakagadzirirwa kurapa masero anokura achikurumidza , anonyanya kubudirira kukura-kana kuti ane utsinye-tumarara. Mhando dzekenza yakave yakanyanyisa uye inouraya dzimwe nguva ikozvino inoporesa uye inogona kurapwa nekushandiswa kwemakemikari. Kusiyana neizvi, chemotherapy haigone kushanda pakukura-kukura, kana kuti "indorent" matumbo.

Izvi zvinogadzirisawo maitiro anozivikanwa nemigumisiro yemakemikari. Kune maitiro akawanda e "maitiro" emasero mumuviri anokura nokukurumidza zvakare, akadai seaya ari mvere dzemapuranga, chirwere chekudya, uye marora marora. Sezvo chemotherapi ichirwisa masero ose anokura nokukurumidza, izvi zvinoratidzira maitiro akazivikanwa anovhiringidza bvudzi, kuora mwoyo, uye kupera kwemafuta emapfupa .

Chinangwa che chemotherapy chinogona kuva:

• Kuchengetedza kenza - Nekenza dzine chokuita neropa dzakadai se-leukemias uye lymphomas, chemotherapy inogona kushandiswa nechinangwa chekuporesa kenza.
• Adjuvant chemotherapy - Adjuvant chemotherapy ine chemotherapi inopiwa mushure mekuvhiyiwa mu "kuchenesa" chero masero emukenza akafamba kupfuura chiremera asi haasati aonekwa pamifananidzo yekufungidzira yatinayo iye zvino. Aya masero asingakanganisiki maduku zvikuru kuti arege kuonekwa anonzi ma micrometastases . Adjuvant chemotherapy yakagadzirirwa kuderedza ngozi yekudzoka kwekenza.
• Neoadjuvant chemotherapy - Neoadjuvant chemotherapy inogona kupiwa mushure mekuvhiyiwa kuti kuderedze ukuru hwechirwere. Kana chirwere chisingakwanisi kushandiswa pamusana pehupamhi hwayo kana nzvimbo, chemotherapy mune izvi zvigadziro inogona kuderedza ukuru hwechiremara chakanaka kuitira kuti chirwere chinogoneka.
• Kuwedzera hupenyu - Chemotherapy inogona kushandiswa kuwedzera upenyu.
• Kurapa chemotherapy - Palliative chemotherapy inoreva kushandiswa kwekemotherapy kuderedza zviratidzo zvekenza, asi kwete kurapa kenza kana kuwedzera upenyu.

Kune marudzi mazhinji akasiyana-siyana emishonga yemakemikrasi, iyo inopesana mune zvose nzira dzavo dzekuita uye chikamu chesero rinenge ravhiringidza. Kazhinji kazhinji kemikemikirini inoshandiswa inoshandiswa pamwe-chimwe chinhu chinonzi chemotherapy pamwe chete . Mumwe munhu anenge aine kenza yemasero ose akasiyana-siyana mukugadzirisa nekuparadzanisa. Kushandisa zvinopfuura rimwechete zvinodhaka kunobatsira kurapa masero emukenza pane chero nguva iyo iri muchitokisi.

Chemotherapy inogona kupiwa nenyuchi (intravenous chemotherapy) mumuromo, nemapiritsi kana capsule, zvakananga mumvura inenge yakakomberedza uropi, kana mukati memvura inenge iripo mumimba yepamuviri.

Ngozi nemigumisiro yemakemikari - Vanhu vazhinji vanoziva nezvemazuva ano maitiro emakemikirwo emigumisiro , zvakadai sekushaya bvudzi. Zvinofadza, mumakore achangopfuura mishonga yakagadzirirwa kuchengetedza zvizhinji zvezvikamu izvi. Semuenzaniso, vanhu vazhinji iye zvino vane zvishoma kana zvisingambofungidziri kana kurutsa maererano nekare. Iyi migumisiro yemigumisi inowirirana zvichienderana nekushandiswa kwezvinodhaka, madhara, uye hutano hwako hwose, asi hunogona kusanganisira:

• bvudzi rinopera
• kushungurudza uye kurutsa
• anemia (low red blood cell count kana hemoglobin)
• neutropenia (pasi neutrophils, chimiro chechichena chemuviri weropa)
• thrombocytopenia (pasi maplatelet)
• peripheral neuropathy
• maronda emuromo
• tora kuchinja
• ganda rinoshanduka uye kuchinjwa kwechinokonzera
• chirwere
• kuneta

Yakawanda yemigumisiro iyi inogadzirisa mushure mekupedzisira kwechikamu chekupedzisira chemotherapy, asi pane dzimwe nguva migumisiro yenguva refu yechemotherapy . Mienzaniso inosanganisira kukanganisa kwemwoyo nemamwe emishonga iyi uye nengozi shomanana yemakondomu echipiri (akadai neukemia) nevamwe. Zvakanakira kurapwa kazhinji zvinopfuura zvakanyanya pane izvi zvingava zvinonetsa, asi kuva neruzivo kunogona kukubatsira kukurukura zvose zvingasarudzwa nechiremba wako.

Radiation Therapy

Radiation therapy imishonga inoshandisa simba-ray x-ray (kana kuti proton mikoko) kuparadza kenza masero. Kubudirira kunokosha kwakagadzirwa mune izvi kurapwa mumakore achangopfuura, kuderedza kusvibiswa kwezvinhu zvakasununguka zvakapoteredza kenza.

Mishonga inogona kupiwa kunze, iyo inonzi radiation inopiwa mumuviri kubva kune imwe kunze yakafanana ne-x-ray mishonga, kana mukati (brachytherapy) iyo inoshandiswa nemhepo inoshandiswa inogadziriswa inoshandiswa kwenguva pfupi kana kuti inogadziriswa zvachose kana kuiswa mumuviri.

Sezvimwe kune dzimwe mishonga yekenza, chirwere chemaawa chinokonzera zvikonzero zvakasiyana uye nezvinangwa zvakasiyana. Izvi zvinangwa zvinogona kuva:

• Kurapa kenza - Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) inogona kushandiswa, somuenzaniso, mukuedza kuporesa kenza duku iyo inogona kunge isingasviki nekuvhiyiwa, kana kuti kubvisa zvachose metastasis iri kure.
• Sezvo adjuvant therapy - Radiation therapy inogona kushandiswa mushure mekuvhiyiwa kurapa chero masero akasiyiwa mushure mekuvhiyiwa. Izvi zvinogona kuitwa kunze kana mukati. Muenzaniso ndiyo kushandiswa kwemishonga inonzi radiation kumadziro emapfupa mushure mekuita mastectomy.
• Sezvo neoadjuvant therapy - Radiation therapy inogona kusanganiswa ne chemotherapy kuderedza ukuru hwechirwere chisati chaitwa kuvhiyiwa. Somuenzaniso, chirwere chemazuva ano-kazhinji chinosanganiswa nekemotherapy-chinogona kushandiswa kuderedza ukuru hwekenza yemapapu isingagoneki kuitira kuti kuvhiwa kunogona kuitwa.
• Zvirongwa - Muenzaniso wehutano hwekuchengetedza huri kupa hutachiona hwemahara kuuropi kuti hudzivise hutano hwemashupusi muvanhu vane kamudiki kemukirini yemapapu.
• Chirwere chemazuva ano chinonzi palliative - Therapial radiation therapy inoreva kushandiswa kwemairasi kutarisa zviratidzo zvekenza asi kwete kuporesa kenza. Inogona kushandiswa kuderedza marwadzo, kuderedza kushungurudzika, kana kubvisa zvipingamupinyi zvinokonzerwa nekenza.

Radiation therapy inogona kupiwa nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana zvakare:

• Dhiyabhorosi iri kunze kwemutirasirasi - Chimiro chekunze kwemafirimu chinoshandiswa kakawanda uye chinosanganisira kutungamira danda remirairo munzvimbo ino kuenda kunzvimbo yechirwere.
• Iko-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) - IMRT inzira yekunyatsojekesa mazaisai kune imwe nzvimbo, zvichibvumira huwandu hwakareba hwehutachiona hunogona kupiwa pasina hutadzi hwemasero akapoteredza.
• Brachytherapy - Brachytherapy, kana kuti miviri inopinda mukati, ndiyo nzira iyo mbeu inogadziriswa inowanikwa mumuviri kwenguva pfupi kana nekusingaperi.
• Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) - SBRT, inozivikanwawo seye cyber knife kana gamma knife, haisi kuvhiyiwa, asi chaizvoizvo nzira yekuraira kuwanda kwemazuva ano kusvika kune imwe nzvimbo yemaviri, nechinangwa chokuparadza zvachose chikwata chekutanga kenza yakawanda sekuvhiyiwa kwaizoitika. Inogona kushandiswa kurapa "oligometastase" -iyo yakagadziriswa kana kuti mashoma masitemu kune imwe nzvimbo yakadai sepapu, chiropa, kana uropi kubva pane imwe kenza.
• Proton therapy - Proton therapy inoshandisa proton beams-atomic particles zvinonyatsochengetedzwa kupfuura x-rays-kubata mishonga dzisina kufanana dzine dzakaoma kubata nemirairo yakawanda.
• Dhiyabhorosi yakarongwa nehutachiona - Maitiro emasikirwo ndiyo nzira iyo miviri inowanikwa mumuviri wose kuburikidza neropa. Muenzaniso ndekushandiswa kweyodine ye- radioactive kuporesa mamwe marudzi ekenza yekemikari.

Ngozi uye nemigumisiro yemishonga inonzi radiation - Ngozi dzehutachiona hunoenderana nehuwandu hwemazuva ano uye nzvimbo iyo inopihwa uye maitiro anoshandiswa. Mhedziso dzenguva pfupi dzemishonga inonzi radiation dzinowanzobatanidza kubwinya (kufanana nokupisa kwezuva), kuputika kwemahara inogamuchira miviri, yakadai sedhionation pneumonitis ine mazaisai kusvika muchipfuva, uye kuneta. Zviratidzo zvepfungwa zvinowanzoonekwawo kune vanhu vanowana huro hwehutano hwakakwana. Nguva yakareba migumisiro yemishonga inonzi radiation inogona kusanganisira kuora munharaunda iyo inoshandiswa pamwe chete neyechipiri kanzira.

Targeted Therapies

Targeted therapies mishonga yakagadzirirwa kutarisa masero ekenza zvakanyanyisa, uye mune dzakadaro kakawanda hachina kukuvadza kumasero akajairika. Mazhinji emishonga yakagamuchirwa mutsva yekenza inotarisirwa kurapwa, uye akawanda ari kuongororwa mumakiriniki ekuedzwa. Mukuwedzera pakudanwa kunorapwa, zvirwere izvi zvinogonawo kutumidzwa se "molecularly targeted drugs" kana "mushonga wakarurama."

Targeted therapies yakasiyana nechemotherapy mune zvishoma nzira dzinokosha. Kusiyana nechemotherapy iyo inorwisa masero ose anokurumidza kuparadzanisa kana akaenzana kana kenza, inotarisirwa kurapwa inonyanya kukonzera kenza masero. Chemotherapy mishonga inowanzova cytotoxic, zvinoreva kuti dzinouraya masero, asi zvinotarisirwa kurapwa kazhinji zvinokonzerwa nektostatic, zvinoreva kuti dzinomisa kukura kwekenza asi hazviurayi masero ekenza. Kune mhando mbiri dzedzidzo dzinotarisirwa mazano:

• Muduku mishonga yemishonga - Small molecule madhiragi anokwanisa kufamba mukati memukirini chekenza uye inotarisira mapuroteni anowanikwa muchikamu chekukura. Iko zvino vanogona kudzivisa zviratidzo zvinoudza masero kuti aparadzise uye akure. Iyi mishonga inoratidzwa nechikwata "ib" chakadai se erlotinib.
• Monoclonal antibodies - Monoclonal antibodies akafanana nemasikirwo emitumbi yedu inogadzirisa kubuda kune mavairusi uye mabhakitiriya. Kusiyana nemaronda aya, zvisinei, zvirwere zvinoshandiswa ne "monoclonal antibodies" zvinonzi "man-made" antibodies, uye pane kurwisa mavairasi uye mabhakitiriya, vanotarisa imwe majekiseni (mapuroteni) panzvimbo yekenza masero. Mishonga iyi inotakura "mab" sezvakaita bevacizumab.

Kune dzimwe nzira ina dzinokosha umo idzi dzinotarisirwa kurapwa dzinoshanda nekenza. Vanogona:

• Dzorerai nekukura kwemidziyo mutsva yeropa. Iyi mishonga inonzi angiogenesis inhibitors , inonyanya kushayisa nzara kuburikidza nekuvhiringidza ropa rayo.
• Chengetedza zviratidzo mukati kana kunze kwechitokisi izvo zvinoudza sero kugovera nekukura.
• Rwirai chepfu "payload" kusvika kumarara.
• Simbisai maitiro ezvirwere zvemuviri kuti abvise kenza masero.

Ngozi nemigumisiro yezvidzidzo zvinotarisirwa - Nepo zvinorapwa zvirwere zvinowanzova zvisina kukuvadza kupfuura chemotherapy mishonga, vane zvigumisiro. Mazhinji emakorolekisi madhiragi anoshandiswa nehuputi uye anogona kukonzera kuputika kwechigadziko ichocho. Dzimwe nguva puroteni inowanikwa mumasero akajairika zvakare. Somuenzaniso, puroteni inozivikanwa seEGFR inonyanya kuodzwa mune dzimwe kenza. EGFR inoratidzirwawo nemamwe masero eganda uye gumbo remasero masero. Zvinodhaka zvinotarisana neEGFR zvinogona kupindira nekukura kwemasero emukenza, asiwo zvinokonzera kubuda uye chirwere chakafanana nemakumbo paganda. Angiogenesis inhibitors, sezvo inogadzirisa kuumbwa kwemidziyo mitsva yeropa, inogona kuva nemigumisiro yechirwere chekubuda ropa.

Paunenge uongororwa, chiremba wako angangodzokorora kufungidzira kwema molecule kuitira kuti uzive kana chirwere chinogona kupindura kune rimwe remishonga iyi.

Hormonal Therapy

Cancers yakadai sekenza yemazamu nekenza yeprotate inowanzotungamirirwa nehuwandu hwehomoni mumuviri. Semuenzaniso, estrogen inogona kukonzera kukura kwevamwe mishonga yemazamu (estrogen receptor chine kenza yemazamu) uye testosterone inogona kukurudzira kukura kwekenza yeprostate. Nenzira iyi, mahomoni anoita sendiri pamoto kuti afukidze kukura kwekenza. Hormone mishonga-inonziwo endocrine therapy-block iyi inoita kuti simba remahomoni rimise kukura kwekenza. Izvi zvinogona kuitwa kuburikidza nemuromo wemapiritsi, kuburikidza nejisi, kana kuburikidza nekugadzirwa kwepurogiramu nechinangwa cheku:

• Bata kenza -Hormone therapy inogona kushandiswa kumira kana kuderedza kukura kwemamota ane utachiona. Zvose isrogen uye progesterone kubatsira kutungamirira kukura kwevamwe mazamu emumukomana uye testosterone inogona kutungamirira kukura kweimwe marariya e prostate.
• Kudzivirira kenza - Muenzaniso wekudzivirira kenza ingadai iri kushandiswa kweTamoxifen kune umwe munhu ari pangozi yekukonzera kenza yepazamu netariro yokuti kurapwa kuchaderedza ngozi iyo kenza inokura pakutanga.
• Deredza dambudziko rekudzoka (kuderedza mikana yokuti kenza ichadzoka.)
• Tora zviratidzo zvekenza.

Mishonga yemumuromo inogona kushandiswa kudzivisa kugadzirwa kwehomoni, kana kuti kudzivisa kukwanisa kwehomoni kuti ibatane nekenza masero. Kuvhiya kunogonawo kushandiswa seyormonal therapy. Semuenzaniso, kubvisa kushandiswa kwemakumbo kunogona kuderedza zvakanyanya kugadzirwa kwe testosterone mumuviri uye kubviswa kweavoes (oophorectomy) inogona kudzivisa kugadzirwa kweesrogen. Nyaya dzinotevera dzinoongorora kurapa kwehomoni kwekenza mukudzika zvakanyanya :.

• Hormone therapy yeestrogen receptor positive kenza yemazamu
• Hormone therapy yevarume vane kenza yeprostate

Ngozi uye nemigumisiro ye-hormonal therapy - Zvakawanda zvemigumisiro inobva kunezvirapa, zvakadai se-anti-estrogens, uyerogen kubviswa kwechirwere, uye chirwere, zvakabatana nekusavapo kwehomoni inowanikwa mumitumbi yedu. Semuenzaniso, kubvisa mazai, uye nokudaro kuderedza isrogen, kunogona kuita kuti kupisa kunopisa uye kuoma kwemadzimai.

Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy inzira itsva inofadza yekurapa kenza uye yakanyorwa kuti Asociation for Clinical Oncology mberi kwegore muna 2016. Kune marudzi akasiyana-siyana e-immunotherapy, asi inowanzo ndeyokuti mishonga iyi inoshandiswa nekuchinja muviri wemuviri kana kushandisa zvigadzirwa zvemuviri wechirwere chemuviri kuti urwise kenza.

Mamwe maitiro e-immunotherapy anosanganisira:

• Monoclonal antibodies - Monoclonal antibodies inoshanda sezvirwere zvatinoshandisa kurwisa zvirwere uye mabhakitiriya, asi pachinzvimbo chekubatanidza ma microorganisms, vanobatanidza pane imwe pfungwa (antigens) pamasero ekenza. Mukuita izvi vangavhara chiratidzo kune kenza yerineni ichikuudza kuti ikure, "tora" kenza yekenza kuitira kuti mamwe masero emuviri anokwanisa kuiwana nekurwisa, kana kuti panzvimbo iyo, angave akabatanidzwa kune "mubhadharo" - chemotherapy drug kana tambo yemirasiyo yakagadzirirwa kuuraya kenza yemukenza.
• Immune checkpoint inhibitors - Zvirwere zvedu zvekudzivirira zvirwere zvinonyanya kuziva nzira yokurwisa kenza masero. Immune checkpoint inhibitors inoshanda nekunyanya kubvisa mabheki kubva mumuviri wemuviri kuitira kuti iite basa raanoda kuita-kurwisa kenza.
• T masero ekurapa - Aya marapirwo anobata nekutora uto duku remasero eT raunokwanisa kurwisana nekenza chaiyo, uye kuwedzera.
• Zvirwere zvepurogiramu - Kusiyana nemirwere inorwisa miviri yedu uye inokonzera zviratidzo zvakadai sehovha yakawanda, aya mavairasi akagadzirirwa kupinda mukenza masero uye kuita se dynamite, kuparadza kenza yesero.
• Makondombera eKenza - Kusiyana nemishonga yawakagamuchira kudzivirira tetanus kana chirwere, zvirwere zvekenza zvinoshandiswa kushandiswa kana kushandisa zvipembenene masero kana zvinhu zvakagadzirwa nemasero emuviri kuti aporere kenza iripo.
• Cytokines - Yokutanga immunotherapy anoshandiswa kushandiswa, cytokines, kusanganisira interleukins uye interferons, inoita kuti zvirwere zvemuviri zvirambe zvichiitwa kune dzimwe nyika, kusanganisira kanomwe masero.

Nyaya inotevera inokurukura chimwe nechimwe chezvinhu izvi zvakadzika zvikuru uye kuti masimba edu emagetsi anoshanda sei kurwisa kenza:

• Immunotherapy 101: Chii ichocho uye kuti inoshanda sei

Ngozi nemigumisiro yeunomunotherapi - Zvose zvinokonzerwa nemagadzirirwo ezvirwere zvinowanzotarisira kuti uve nehutachiona hwemagetsi. Allergic reactions inowanzobatwa nedzimwe yemishonga iyi, uye mishonga yekudzikisa kukanganisa uku kunowanzoshandiswa panguva imwe chete nekukanganiswa kwemishonga. Kuvhiringidzika kwakajairika, uye kune chirevo chokuti migumisiro yemigodhi yemishonga inowanzogadzirisa ne "itis." Semuenzaniso, pneumonitis inoreva kuvhiringidza kwemapapu ane chokuita nemishonga iyi.

Cell Cell Transplants

Chikamu chesero chinopfurikidza , zvakasiyana nekugadzirwa kwechimiro chakasimba sekugadziriswa kwepvo, shandura masero emadziro mumapfupa emapfupa. Iyi hematopoietic stem masero ndiwo mavambo ekutanga anogona kusiyanisa mumasero ese eropa omutumbi, kusanganisira masero matsvuku eropa, masero eropa, uye maplatelet.

Mune nzira iyi, kukwirira kwemishonga yemakemikrasi uye majekiseni anopiwa kuparadza masero mumapfupa emapfupa. Kutevera izvi, masero ematsipa anotsiviwa mune imwe yenzira mbiri. Mune autologous stem cell transplant, munhu wega stem masero anobviswa vasati vasvika chemotherapy uye vobva vatsiviwa. Mune allogeneic stem cell transplant, stem masero kubva kune vanofananidza vakashandiswa anoshandura kutora masero mufupa remafupa. Simba remasero rinoshandiswa rinowanzoshandiswa kweeukemias, lymphomas, myeloma, uye majekiseni emakumbo.

Clinical Trials

Kune ngano dzakawanda pamusoro pekuongororwa kwemakiriniki , asi chokwadi ndechokuti mushonga umwe neumwe unowanikwa ikozvino nekenza wakambodzidza muchechi yekutongwa. Zvakakosha kuziva kuti, nekufambira mberi pakutsvakurudza kwekenza, kliniki miedzo yave ichichinja zvakare. Sezvo munguva yakapfuura chikamu I chekuedza (miedzo yokutanga iyo kurapwa kunoedzwa kuvanhu) kazhinji yaiva "yekupedzisira-tsanga" nzira uye zvisingaiti kubatsira vanhu vanoga nekenza, izvozvi mimwe miedzo ingave iye zvino dzimwe nguva inopa chete inowanika kurapwa kwekenza. Musiyano ndewekuti dzakawanda zvezvirapa zvitsva zvakanyatsogadzirirwa kutarisa zvakasiyana-siyana zvema molecular zviripo mune mamwe masero emukenza. Maererano neNational Cancer Institute, vanhu vane chirwere chekenza vanofanira kufunga nezvekuongororwa kwemakiriniki pavanoita zvisarudzo pamusoro pekuchengetwa kwekenza.

Muenzaniso unobatsira mazwi ane chiuru. Muna 2015, paive nemishonga mitanhatu mitsva (yakarongwa nemishonga uye immunotherapy mishonga) yakabvumirwa kuitira kurapwa kwekenza yemapapu. Iyi mishonga yakagamuchirwa sezvo yakawanikwa yakakwirira kupfuura mishonga yakanakisisa yatakanga tine panguva iyoyo. Rimwe gore zvisati zvaitika, muna 2014, vanhu chete vanogona kugamuchira mishonga iyi mitsva uye yakanaka ndivo avo vaibatanidzwa mumatambudziko emakiriniki.

Alternative / Complementary Cancer Treatments (Integrative Treatments)

Tiri kunzwa zvakawanda nezvedzimwe nzira dzokurapa, uye vazhinji vanorwara nekenza varikupa kurapwa kwekubatanidza kwekenza , asi ndeipi basa ravanogona kuita mukutarisa kenza yenyu ? Pane humwe humwe uchapupu hwokuti kune imwe yemishonga iyi inogona kuporesa kenza kana kuderedza kukura kwayo, asi pane humwe uchapupu hunoti humwe hwei hunogona kubatsira vanhu kukunda zviratidzo zvekenza uye mishonga yekenza. Mimwe yemishonga iyi inobatanidza inosanganisira:

• acupuncture
• kushambadza rushonga
• kufungisisa
• yoga
• Qigong
• kuporesa kubata
• pet therapy
• mimhanzi therapy
• art therapy
• munyengetero

Zvakare zvinofanira kuonekwa kuti hakuna marapirwo akasiyana-siyana akawanikwa akabudirira mukurapa kenza zvakananga uye kuti chinangwa chavo chinofanira kuva chekuita zviratidzo zvekenza.

Kugadzira Chisarudzo - Kusarudza Kurapa Kwekenza Yakanakisisa Kwauri

Iwe unganzwa uchinetseka sezvaunenge uchiverenga pamusoro pehuwandu hwehuwandu hwekurapa kwekenza ikozvino huripo. Ungasarudza sei zvisarudzo zvakakunakira iwe? Heano matanho mashomanana ekukubatsira kutungamira pane zvaunosarudza.

1. Tsanangura zvinangwa zvekurapa kwako . Chinangwa chako chekuporesa kenza yako, kukurisa hupenyu hwako, kana kuti kuwedzera huhu hwehupenyu hwako nenguva yawakasiya.
2. Rondedzera zvose zvinoshandiswa kurapwa.
3. Funga nezvemigumisiro yemigumisiro yezvinogona kurapwa.
4. Bvunza mibvunzo uye fambisa tsvakurudzo - Zvakakosha kuva nebhuku rinobatsira apo iwe uchangobva kuongororwa nekenza. Nyora mibvunzo kuti ubvunze wako oncologist uye uuye nemibvunzo iyo pamwe kuti uone kuti inopindurwa. Tiri kurarama munguva iyo vanhu vanogona kuwana ruzhinji rwehutano ruzivo rwepamusoro paIndaneti, asi kwete zvose zvaro ndezvechokwadi. Dzidza kuti ungawana sei ruzivo rwakanaka rwekenza paIndaneti uye uite zvimwe zvekutsvakurudza kwako. Zvidzidzo zvinotiudza kuti kudzidza pamusoro pekenza yako kunogona kukubatsira zviri nani kubata nemanzwiro ehupenyu uye zvinogona kutotora chikamu mumugumisiro wako.
5. Nyatsofunga kufunga imwe pfungwa . Kwete izvi zvingangokupai mamwe maitiro, asi kuva nemaonero aya kunogona kuvimbisa kuti uri kusarudza nzira yakakodzera yekurapa. Dzimwe nyanzvi dzinokurudzira kuwana wechipiri (kana wechitatu kana wechina) maonero pane imwe yenyika yakakura yeCancer Cancer Institute-mishonga yemukenza yakasarudzwa apo iwe unowanzowana chiremba anonyanya kugadzirisa chirwere chako chekenza.
6. Taura newe oncologist, mhuri, neshamwari. Iwe unogona kuda kubvunza wako oncologist zvaaizoita achipa zvakafanana. Vanhu vazhinji vakawana rubatsiro rwemagariro evanhu kuti vave nzvimbo yakanakisisa yevatsigiri uye dzidzo. Usati wasvika paIndaneti, zvisinei, nyatsoziva nyaya dzevamwe nehuwandu hwemagariro evanhu nekenza .
7. Iva iwe mupepeti wako - Kunyange kana iwe uine nyara uye uine zvinetso kuzvimiririra iwe, dzidza kudzivirira iwe segwere rekenza .
8. Chengetedza zvaunogona kuita.

Mukuita sarudzo yako, iwe unogona kunge uchinzwa pfungwa dzakawanda dzemhuri yako neshamwari. Aya mazano anokosha mukukubatsira kufunga nezvemaoko akasiyana, asi anogonawo kusimbisa kupesana kana nhengo dzisingabvumirani. Pakupedzisira, unofanirwa kuita sarudzo yakakunakira iwe woga.

Mibvunzo Yekubvunza Pamusoro peKenza Kurapa

Kuunza mhinduro yemibvunzo kune vakakodzera iwe kunogona kuva nechokwadi chokuti unowana mhinduro dzaunoda. Tarisa mibvunzo iyi uye uwedzere iwe pachako sezvavanouya mupfungwa.

• Ndeapi marapirwo aungada kukurudzira kenza yangu kubva pane zvandinoda?
• Sei uchikurudzira imwe neimwe yezvirapa izvi?
• Chii chaizova chisarudzo chechipiri pakati pezvisarudzo zvangu?
• Ndeapi marapirwo aungasarudza kana iwe uri kurwara nekenza iwe pachako?
• Ndezvipi zvinokonzerwa nemigumisiro-iyo nguva pfupi uye nguva refu-yezvirapa izvi?
• Pane mumwe wandinokwanisa kutaura naye ndiani akagamuchira kurapwa uku?
• Pane here kliniki miedzo iyo inogona kunge iri sarudzo kwandiri?
• Ndeipi danho rinotevera kana kurapwa uku kusingabatsiri?

Kutsigira Muviri Wenyu MuKenza Kurapa

Isu tangotanga kudzidza pamusoro pebasa rekudya kunoitwa nekenza. Tinoziva kuti kudya kunovaka muviri uye kurovedza muviri zvine mwero kunogona kuvandudza hukama hwakanaka, uye dzimwe nguva kunyange kugadzirisa kupona. Zvinosuruvarisa, mamwe emishonga anowanikwa nekenza anogona kuwedzera kune-pane kuderedza-kukwanisa kwako kuwana chikafu chakaisvonaka.

Sezvo munguva yakapfuura kudya kwekudya kwakange kusina kufuratirwa mune incology, vazhinji veoncologists zvino vanofunga kudya kwakanaka chikamu chekurapa kenza. Chikafu chakanaka chinogona kubatsira vanhu kubvumira kurapa zviri nani uye vangave nechinzvimbo mumigumisiro. Ichangopfuura ichangobva kuzivikanwa kuti kenza cachexia , chirwere chinosanganisira kuora kwemaviri uye kuparara kwemasisita, chiri kutarisana zvakananga ne20 muzana yekufa kwekenza. Kunyange isu tisingazivi kuti kudya kwakanaka kunobatsira sei pakudzivirira iyi syndrome, izvi zvinotsigira kukosha kwekudya kwakanaka.

Taura nachiremba wako pamusoro pekudya kwako kwekudya panguva yekurapa kwako. Mimwe mishonga yekenza ine nutritionist kune vashandi vanogona kukubatsira, uye vamwe vanopa zvidzidzo zvekudya uye kenza pamwe chete. Vazhinji ve oncologists vanokurudzira kuwana michero yaunoda zvikuru kuburikidza nemafuta ezvokudya uye kwete kuwedzera. Kunyange zvazvo mamwe mishonga yekenza inogona kukonzera mavitamini kukanganisa, pane kunetseka kuti mamwe mavitamini nemaminerari anowedzera zvinogona kukanganisa kurapwa kwekenza .

Shoko Rinobva

Nehuzhinji hwezvasarudzo zvino zvawanikwa kuti uwane chirwere, zvinogona kuva zvakaoma kusarudza mishonga inonyanya kukubatsira iwe. Ongorora maitiro ekuita kurapwa kwepamusoro pamusoro apa. Upenyu hunogona kuva hwakaoma apo iwe unowedzera kurapwa kwekenza kune zvawakatotanga kuita zuva nezuva. Dzokera kumhuri yako neshamwari uye kubvuma rubatsiro. Vadikanwa vanowanzotaura kuti chikamu chakaoma zvikuru chekutarisana nekenza mudiwa wavo inzwi ravo risina basa. Mukukumbira rubatsiro iwe usati uchingoderedza mutoro wako chete asi gadzirisa zvinodiwa zveadiwa vako.

Shingairira uye tsvaka rubatsiro kubva kune vamwe vari kutarisana nekufungidzirwa kwakafanana, kana munharaunda yenyu kana paIndaneti. Ikozvino mava nemapoka emapoka ekutsigira uye masangano ekutsigira pasi pose, kuitira kuti kunyange kana iwe uine utano husingawanzo kenza, haufaniri kuva wega.

Chinonyanya kukosha, tarisira kune tariro. Kanzira mishonga yekurapa-uye kuponeswa kwemari-iri kuwedzera. Inofungidzirwa kuti pane vaparidzi vane mamiriyoni gumi neminomwe vanorwara nekenza muUnited States chete, uye nhamba iyoyo iri kukura. Kwete chete vanhu vari kupona kenza, asi vazhinji vari kubudirira, vane pfungwa itsva yechinangwa uye kuonga kwehupenyu shure kwekenza.

_Sources:

_{American Society of Clinical Oncology. Kuita Zvisarudzo Pamusoro peKarapwa Kuchengetedza. Updated 11/2015. http://www.cancer.net/navigating-cancer-care/how-cancer-treated/making-decisions-about-cancer-treatment}

_{Mabhiriji J, Hughes J, Farrington N, Richardson A. Cancer Treatment Zvisarudzo-Kugadzira Zvirwere zvevarwere Vakwegura Nezvinodiwa Zvakakosha: Chidzidzo Chakanaka. BMJ Open . 2015. 5 (12): e009674.}

_{National Cancer Institute. Mhando dzeCancer Treatment. Updated 04/29/15. http://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types}