Izwi rokuti "precancerous cells" rinotyisa. Zvakakosha kutanga kutaura pamusoro pemasero acho nokutaura kuti kwete ose masero anononoka anova kenza. Ichokwadi, vazhinji havaiti.
Vanhu vazhinji vakanzwa nezvemasero akachengeteka emuviri wechibereko anowanika panguva yeP-smears , asi masero anonyatsooneka anogona kuitika munharaunda ipi zvayo yemuviri: bronchi, ganda, mazamu, mboni, nezvimwewo.
Ngatitange nekurondedzera kuti masero aya ndeapi uye kuti akasiyana sei nemasero "akaenzana" mumitumbi yedu.
Tsanangudzo
Masero anonzi Precancerous (anonziwo masero anotangira) anorondedzerwa semasero asina kukwana anogona kuchinja kuva masero anokonzera asi ayo pachawo haasviki.
Mhedziso yemasero anonyatsogadzikana anovhiringidza nokuti haisi nyaya yakasviba nechena. Kazhinji, masero haafaniri kubva pane zvakajairika pazuva rimwe, kufananidzira zuva repiri, uyezve kusvika kune kenza pazuva rechitatu. Dzimwe nguva masero anononoka anofambira mberi kune kenza, asi kakawanda haaiti. Vanogona kuramba vachifanana-ndiko kuti, kuramba vasina kukanganisa asi kwete kushaya simba-kana kuti vangave vakagadzikana zvakare.
Izwi rekupedzisira ndechimwe chinhu chitsva kune vatsvakurudzi vekenza. Munguva yakapfuura, yakatendwa "kukanganisa kwakaitwa" apo sero rakashandurwa kuti rive rakananga nemakemikari munzvimbo. Isu tiri kudzidza iye zvino (mumunda unonzi epigenetics) kuti masero edu anonyanya kugadzikana kupfuura izvozvo uye zvinhu mumamiriro edu ezvinhu (kana mapegenogens, mahomoni kana zvimwe kunyanya kushungurudzika) vanoshandisa pamwechete kuti vaone kuti maitiro asina kuchinja mune sero anogona kuenda.
Zvakakosha kusimbisazve zvakare kuti masero anonyanyisa haasi masero emukenza . Izvi zvinoreva kuti izvo zvakasara ndoga, hazvisi izvo zvinopesana-izvo, hazvingaparidzi kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzomuviri. Iyo inongova masero asina kukwana anogona, nekufamba kwenguva, achinje kuchinja kwaizovashandura kuva kenza kenza.
Chimwe chikonzero chokuvhiringidzika ndechekuti masero ekenza uye masero epamberi anokwanisa kubatana. Semuenzaniso, mune vamwe vanhu vanoonekwa kuti vane kenza yemazamu, kune dzimwe nzvimbo dziri mazamu uye kunyange mumaronda pachake umo masevhenekeri anenge aripo anowanikwawo saizvozvo. Muzviremera zvakawanda, masero anonyadzisa uye anotarisa anowanikwa.
Degrees of Dysplasia Changes
Izwi rokuti dysplasia rinowanzoshandiswa zvakafanana nemasero anononoka, asi pane zvishoma zvakasiyana. Apo vanachiremba vanotaura nezve dysplasia, vari kutaura nezvemasero asina kukwana anogona kuva kenza. Asi mune dzimwe nguva, mazwi akaoma dysplasia anoshandiswa kurondedzera masero anenge atova nekenza asi ane mukati mehutachi hwavakatanga-chimwe chinhu chinonzi carcinoma-in-situ .
Kuchinja kwepakutanga kunowanzotsanangurwa muzviyero kana maitiro ezvakaipa. Kune dzimwe nzira mbiri dzinokosha idzi dzinotsanangurwa: kusimba uye gorosi.
Kusuruvara
- Dild dysplasia: Diny dysplasia inoreva masero anongoita zvisiri zvishoma. Aya masero haawanzofambira mberi kune kenza.
- Moderate dysplasia: Aya masero anongwarira uye ane ngozi yakakura yokuva kenza.
- Dysplasia yakasimba: Ichi ndicho chisingaoneki zvakanyanya kuonekwa musati kero sero rinogona kurondedzerwa sekenza. Dysplasia yakanyanyisa inonyanya kufambira mberi kune kenza.
Muenzaniso unogona kuita kuti izvi zvinyatsojeka ndeyomudzimai dysplasia yakawanikwa mune dzimwe Pap smears . Maseji ayo ari kunyoroka dysplastic haawanzove ane kenza. Kune rimwe divi, kana risina kutenderwa, dysplasia yakanyanya yakawanikwa pamap smear ichapfuurira kukenza 30 kubva kune 50 muzana yenguva.
Pane kunyonganiswa pamusoro pekunyatsotarisa mutsara pakati pekuda dysplasia uye carcinoma in situ. Carcinoma in situ izwi rinoshandurwa se "kenza munzvimbo." Aya ndiwo masero anouraya asi asati aputsa kuburikidza neinozivikanwa sechando chepasi.
Makoro
Imwe nzira yekutsanangurira kukwirira kwekuchinja kwemawere mumasero kune mazinga.
Iine masevhisi emudzimai, izvi zvinowanzoshandiswa apo bhiopsy iri kuitwa mushure mokuwana dysplasia pane pap smear.
- Low-grade dysplasia: Kuchinja -gorosi kuchinja hazviitike kufambira mberi kune kenza.
- High-grade dysplasia: Maselo ane high-grade dysplasia anowanzoita kuti afambe mberi nekenza.
Muenzaniso weizvi ungadai uri wepasi-grade dysplasia wakaonekwa paine biopsy yemukirini. Ukana hwekuchinja uku hunoenderera mberi nekenza hakusi pasi. Kusiyana neizvi, kukwirira-grade grade colon dysplasia inosanganiswa nekoloni polyps ine ngozi yakawanda yekuenderera mberi kuva kenza yekoloni .
Kuziva
Masero epakutanga anofungidzirwa nekuonekwa kwavo kusingaoneki pasi pekroscope, kazhinji mushure mokunge biopsy yaitwa.
Zvinokonzera
Pane zvinhu zvakawanda zvinogona kukonzera masero kuti ave akajeka, uye izvi zvinowirirana zvichienderana nemhando yakasiyana yemasero anobatanidzwa.
Nzira iri nyore yokunzwisisa zvinokonzera kutarisa zvinoshandiswa mumamiriro ezvinhu zvinogona kukanganisa masero ane utano, zvichiita kuti kuchinjwa muDNA yesero, iyo inogona kutungamirira pakukura kusina kunaka uye kubudirira. Zvishoma zvishoma zvinokonzera izvo zvinogona kukonzera kusakwana mumasero (ane mienzaniso mishomanana kuenzanisira) inosanganisira:
- Kutapukira: Kunyange zvazvo 4 kusvika kuzana muzana yekenza muUnited States inobatana nehutachiona, hutachiona nemavirusi, mabhakitiriya, uye zvipembenene zvinokonzera chikamu chechina chekenza pasi rose.
Kuvharirwa nepillomavirus yevanhu (HPV) kunogona kukonzera kuvhiringidza, zvichiita kuti masero anononoka mumuviri . HPV inokonzerawo chikonzero chakakosha che dysplasia chinotangira mutsara yakawanda yemusoro nemutsipa, zvakadai sekenza yemutauro uye chirwere chepuropa . Kuwanda kwezvirwere neHIVV zvakajeka zvisati zvaitika kushandiswa kwesero kusina kuitika. Kana dysplasia inokura, inogona kugadzirisa pachayo kana yekurapa, kana kufambira mberi kumukenza wechibereki pasina mushonga.
Utachiona uye kuputika kunotevera nemabhakitiriya Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) kunogona kukonzera kusagadzikana kweatrophic gastritis, kuputika kwechirwere chepachimara chinogona kutungamirira kumaronda emudumbu . - Kusaporesa Kuberekwa: Kugara kwechirwere mumapfupa kunogona kutungamirira kuchinjodzi chekare chinogona kufambira mberi kune kenza. Muenzaniso uri kune vanhu vanotambura ne gastroesophageal reflux chirwere (GERD) kwenguva yakareba. Kurwara kwechirwere chepopu nemasimba acids kunogona kukonzera mamiriro ezvinhu anozivikanwa seanophagus yaBarrett . Pakati pevanhu vane chirwere cheBarrett, inenge imwe yezana pagore ichava nekenza yekusagadzikana . Nzvimbo inokosha yekutsvakurudza inotarisa kana kuti kwete kubvisa nzvimbo dzepamusoro-grade dysplasia dzichaderedza dambudziko rekudzidzira kenza yerophageal.
Imwe muenzaniso ndeyokuputika kwekoloni kune vanhu vane chirwere chinoputira chirwere (IBD) . IBD inogona kutungamirira kumapurasitiki ne colon dysplasia, iyo inogonawo kutungamirira kukenza yekoloni. - Irritation Yenguva Isingaperi: Kushungurudza kwenguva refu kwemhepo inobva muutsi hwefodya , kusvibiswa kwemweya , uye mamwe makemikari emakemikari anogona kuita kuti bronchial dysplasia (dysplasia yebronchi ). Kana izvi zvikaonekwa kare-panguva ye- bronchoscopy uye biopsy, somuenzaniso-machechi akachengetedza dzimwe nguva anogona kurapwa nemagichigorika vasati vawana mukana wekufambira mberi mukenza yemapapu .
Zvinyorwa zve Precancerous Conditions
Cancers inotanga mumasero epithelial (inenge 85 muzana yekenza) inogona kunge yakanyanyisa. Izvi zvinopesana nekenza zvinotanga mu mesothelial masero akadai sarcomas. Zvimwe zvinonzwisisika zvinotaurwa zvakataurwa pamusoro, asi zvinosanganisira:
- Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) - Inonyatsoziva nezvekenza yemukomana
- Bhararett's (anormal esophageal cells inogona kuenderera mberi kuva kenza yemazino)
- Atypical lobular hyperplasia (iyo inogona kukura kuva kenza yemazamu)
- Adenomatous polyps mukoloni (iyo inogona kukura kuva kenza yekoloni)
- Actinic keratoses (kusina kushanduka mukati meganda iro rinogona kukura rikava chepamusi yecenous cell cancer)
- Dysplastic moles (iyo inogona kukura kuva melanoma)
- Bronchial epithelial dysplasia (iyo inogona kukura kuva mukenza wemapapu)
- Atrophic gastritis (precancerous changes in the stomach which may develop into gastric (stomach cancer)
Zvakare zvakakosha kucherechedza kuti majekiseni angangodaro kana kuti kwete aisazoenderera mberi kuti ave masero ekenza.
Chii Chinonzi Nguva Yenguva?
Kurukura kushandura mberi kwemukana mukana wakanaka wekutaura pamusoro peimwe pfungwa yakaoma-kunzwisise mukukudzirwa kwekenza: latency.
Nguva yenguva yakareba inotsanangurwa seyo nguva yenguva pakati pekutsvaga kune chirwere chinokonzera kenza (kenzajeni) uye nekukurumidza kukura kwekenza. Vanhu vanowanzoshamisika pavanenge vava nekenza makore akawanda mushure mekunge vawana kenzajeni; somuenzaniso, vamwe vanhu vanovhiringidzika pavanokura mukenza wemapapu kunyange pavanenge varega kusvuta makore masere apfuura.
Apo masero anotanga kuzarurirwa kune checogogen, kukanganisa kunoitwa kune DNA iri muchitokisi. Inowanzova kuwedzera kwekukuvadza uku (kuwedzerwa kwekuchinja-chinja) kwekufamba kwenguva izvo zvinoita kuti sero rive rakanyanyisa. Kutevera nguva iyo, sero rinogona kufambira mberi kuburikidza nezvikamu zvezvinyoro kusvika pakuenzanisa-uye kusvika kune-dysplasia asati asvika pakuva kenza yemukenza. Sero rinogonawo kuratidzwa kune mamiriro ezvinhu anodzivisa kufambira mberi kwayo kune kenza, kana kutodzorerazve kune rimwe rema cell (nei kudya kwakanaka uye kurovedza muviri kuchikosha kunyange kana wakambosangana nekenzajeni).
Iyi inzira inonyoresa yekutsanangura nzira yacho, uye isu tiri kudzidza kuti yakaoma zvikuru kupfuura yatakambofunga. Asi kunzwisisa chirevo chekutanga chinobatsira kunotsanangura nguva ye latency yatinoona neyevanhu vakawanda kanzira.
Ndeipi Apo Maseji Anova Anogona Kuuraya?
Mhinduro ndeyokuti nguva yakawanda, hatizivi kuti zvinotora nguva yakareba sei kuti maseli akachengeteka ave kenza. Mukuwedzera, mhinduro yacho zvechokwadi inowirirana zvichienderana nerudzi rwema cell rinodzidzwa.
Sezvakataurwa pamusoro apa, masero emakondomu ane dysplasia akakura akafambira mucheche 30 kusvika ku50 muzana yenguva yacho, asi nguva yakatarwa ichi ichiitika kuti yakange yakasiyana. Mune rumwe ruzivo rwakatarisa vanhu 115 vane dysplasia yemaketani ezwi, 15 vakaenderera mberi kukura kenza inopisa (imwe yakanga ine dysplasia inononoka, imwe yakanga ine dysplasia inononoka, yechinomwe yakanga ine dysplasia yakaoma uye 6 ine carcinoma in situ). Muna 73 kubva muzana yevarwere ava, zvipembenene zvavo zvakajeka zvikava kenza inopararira yemakumbo ezwi mukati memakore rimwe chete, pamwe chete nemasara ekudzivirira kenza yemakore gare gare.
Pane Zviratidzo Here?
Masero epakutanga anowanzovapo asina zviratidzo. Kana zviratidzo zviripo, dzichatsigira pane nzvimbo yekugadziriswa kwakasimba; somuenzaniso, kushandura kwakasimba mumuromo wechibereko kunogona kukonzera masero kuti awedzere nyore nyore, zvichiita kuti uterine ropa risina kunaka . Kuchinja kwepakutanga mumuromo kunogona kuonekwa sevhena mavara (leukoplakia). Uye munzvimbo dzisingaratidziki kune ziso risina kusimba, dzakadai sechigunwe chechigunzva mhepo, dysplasia inowanzowanikwa apo kuongorora kwepfungwa kunoitwa kune chimwe chikonzero.
Kurapa
Kuchengetedzwa kwemasero ekuchengetedza zvakare kuchawedzerwa pane nzvimbo yemasero.
Dzimwe nguva kutarisa kwakatarisa ndezvose zvinokurudzirwa kuona kana dysplasia inofambira mberi kana kugadzirisa pasina kurapwa.
Kazhinji masero aya anonyatsogadziriswa achabviswa nemitoo yakafanana ne cryotherapy (kupisa masero) kana kuvhiyiwa kuti abvise nzvimbo iyo masero asina kukwana aripo. Kunyange kana masero asina kukwana ari kubviswa, zvakakosha kuchengeta mupfungwa kuti chero chii chakaita kuti masero ave asina kufanira munzvimbo yekutanga angakanganisa mamwe masero munguva yemberi.
Semuenzaniso, kana maitiro emakondomu asingasviki akabatwa ne cryotherapy, zvichiri kuve zvakakosha kutarisa zvinetso zvePap smears munguva yemberi. Uye kana sarudzo yaBarrett ichibatwa ne cryotherapy, iwe uchange uchiri kuda kuve neshoko rako rinotariswa panguva dzenguva yemberi.
Kune zvimwe zvisingaiti, chiremba wako anogona kukurudzira chemoprevention. Uku ndiko kushandiswa kwemishonga inoderedza dambudziko remasero kuti rive risina kujairika mune ramangwana. Chiitiko cheizvi ndechekutarisa utachiona neH H. pylori mabhakiteriya mudumbu. Kubvisa mutumbi webhakitiriya kunoratidzika kuderedza masero anononoka uye kukura kwekenza yemuviri. Vatsvakurudzi vari kutarisa kushandiswa kwemishonga yakasiyana-siyana uye mavitamini kuti vaone kana kushandiswa kwavo kune vekare uye vanoputa zvino vachaderedza ngozi yavo yokuva nekenza yemapapu mune ramangwana.
Pfungwa yekupedzisira uye inokosha yekuita inoyeuchidza kuti, pane dzimwe nguva, kuwedzera kwekuchinja kwakanaka kunogona kuchinjwa nemamiriro edu ezvinhu: zvokudya zvatinodya, basa ratinowana, uye mararamiro atinoita muupenyu. Zvokudya zvinowanikwa mune zvekudya zvine mamwe mavitamini, somuenzaniso, zvinogona kubatsira muviri kujekesa chirwere cheHIVV nekukurumidza.
Precancerous Progression Terms
Kune mazwi mazhinji anotsanangura masero anoita kuti kunzwisisa nyaya iyi iome, saka muenzaniso unogona kubatsira kuita izvi kunzwisisa zvishoma.
Nechirwere chekamu memapapu memumapapu , zvinoratidzika kuti masero anopinda mune imwe nzira mberi kenza isati yatanga. Inotanga nemasero emapapu evamwe. Shanduko yekutanga i hyperplasia, iyo inotsanangurwa semasero anokura zvakakura kana kukurumidza kupfuura anotarisirwa. Somuenzaniso, hyperplasia yemwoyo yaizova izwi rinoshandiswa kurondedzera mwoyo wakawedzerwa.
Nhanho yechipiri metaplasia apo masero anoshanduka kuva rudzi rwechiremera rusingawaniki. Metaplasia muhuputi (iyo inogona kunge iri mhanho yekukonzera kenza), somuenzaniso, apo masero anotaridzika seaya anowanzowanika mudumbu maduku anowanikwa mudumbu. Danho rechitatu ndere dysplasia, iyo inoteverwa necarcinoma in situ uye, pakupedzisira, invasive squamous cell carcinoma.
Kuderedza Dambudziko Rako
Hazvina kunonoka kutora matanho ekudzivirira-kunyange kana wakamboonekwa nekenza. Maererano neAmerican Institute for Cancer Research, vanhu vane kenza vanogonawo kubatsirwa nekudzidza nezvekudzivirira kenza yekenza kana kuderedza kudzokorora kuburikidza nekudya uye zvekurovedza muviri.
Tora nguva yekuongorora mazano ekuderedza dambudziko rako rekenza , izvo zvingabatsira mukuderedza kenza yemapapu nemamwe makondombera, uyewo zvokudya zvinonaka zvekudya zvinogona kubatsira kuderedza dambudziko rako rekenza kana kechipiri chekenza.
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> Keith, R. Lung cancer chemoprevention. Proceedings of the American Thoracic Society . 2012. 9 (2): 52-6.
> Rohde, M. et al. Kushungurudzwa kwechisimba kwezvipembenene zvisinganzwisisiki zvemashoko ezwi kuti udzivirire njodzi yekenza. Danish Medical Journal . 2012. 59 (5): A4399.
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