Kuchinja kunogona kuitika kunyange nehutachiona husingaoneki
Kana iwe uri nehutachiona hweHIV uye uchitora mishonga yako sezvakanyorwa, unofunga kuti njodzi yako yekupedza hutachiona kune vamwe ichava yakaderera, chaiko?
Muzviitiko zvakawanda, iwe unenge wakarurama, asi pane zviitiko apo vanhu vane mweya usingagoni kuonekwa mumaropa avo kamwe kamwe vanoona hutachiwana muhupenyu hwavo kana mumadzimai ekudzivirira. Ichi ndicho chiitiko chinozivikanwa sehutachiona.
Nepo patinonyanya kutaura nezvekudururwa kana zvichiitika munhurume kana mukomana nhengo dzepabonde (kubuda ropa), zvinogonawo kuitika mumuromo (kunyangadza mumuromo).
Kuwedzerwa kwehutano hwehutachiona-kunyanya mumadzinza kana mumadzimai ekudzivirira-kunoshandura kune unhu hukuru hwekutapurirwa kweHIV kumunhu asina kukodzera.
Nzira iyo Genital Tract Shedding inosvika
Mukusayenzi, shoko rokuti "kuteurwa" rinoreva nzira iyo virus inosunungurwa nayo, kana inoteurwa, kubva kune imwe seni iyo yakatapukirwa. Nzira mbiri dzezvizvi zvinogona kuitika ndeye nzira dzinozivikanwa seB budding uye apoptosis:
- Kubhadharira kunoreva danho rehupenyu hweHIV apo hutachiona hunovhara chipfuva kubva pane imwe sero yakatapukirwa kuti igadzire ganda rayo rekunze. Iyo inogona kubva ichitsva kubva kumubati sevirusi yakasununguka.
- Apoptosis , inozivikanwawo sekuzviuraya, ndiyo nzira iyo sero ichazviuraya pachayo painoiswa pasi pekunetseka. Munguva yehutachiona hunowanzoitika, apoptosis ichaparadza hutachiona hunopinda pamwe chete nemusasa wechirwere pachayo. NeHIV, zvisinei, hutachiona huchaita kuti sero rive apoptosis kuitira kuti isunungure vana varo mukupararira.
Ndezvipi zvezvinhu izvi zvinotsanangurwa nei kushandiswa kweHIV kunogona kuitika munharaunda yebonde asi kwete muropa umo zvingave zvisingaoneki zvakakwana.
Uchapupu hunova hunoratidza kuti zvinhu zviviri zvinogona kuita izvi: kuchinja kwe HIV mukati memasero emuviri wedu nekusiyana kwehutachiona hweHIV mukati memishonga yemuviri wedu.
Chirwere Chetachiona Shedding uye HIV Kusiyana
Chimwe chezvakazarurwa kare zvakatanga muna 2000 apo zvakaonekwa kuti utachiona hweHIV hunogona kusiyana kubva kune chimwe chikamu chemuviri kusvika kune chinotevera. Maererano nekutsvakurudza kubva kune imwe nguva yakareba Multicenter AIDS Cohort Yokudzidza (MACS), vamwe vanhu vane HIV vakaratidzwa kuva nehutano hwakasiyana-siyana hwehutachiwana muropa ravo uye imwe mumumuna wavo.
Chidzidzo chacho chichiwedzera kutarisa maitiro ekudururwa pakati pevadzidzi vanoongorora. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, kudurura kwaive kuenderera mberi kunowanikwa muropa neropa. Mune vamwe, yakanga iri pakati nepakati uye yaiitika zvikuru munharaunda yebonde. Mune vamwe, zvakadaro, pakanga pasina kutyisa zvachose.
Zvinowanikwa izvi zvakawanikwa ndezvipi:
- Kusiyana kweHIV kunogona kushandura kune kusiyana kwezvipirwo zverapi.
- Kurambidzwa kweHIV kunogona kuva mamiriro ekuti munhu anogadziriswa.
Pakati pevanhu avo vane kubudiswa kwepakatikati, izvo zvawanikwa zvakave zvakanyanya. Pakati pevarume ava, vatsvakurudzi veMACS vakaona kuti mabhakitiriya ane hutachiona hweprostate gland akanga akabatanidzwa zvakanyanya nemapikisi muhutachiona hwemuviri. Vaifungidzira kuti kuputika kwemunharaunda yeprostate (iyo nhengo inobereka mbeu) yakatanga kukonzerwa nekuita zvirwere zvakanyanya zvakaputirwa mumasero eprostate gland uye seminal vesicles.
Zvidzidzo zvekupedzisira zvakanyatsotsigira izvi zvakawanikwa uye zvakaratidza kuti kuteura kunogona kuitika semugumisiro wakananga wezvirwere zvepabonde (zvirwere zvepabonde) , zvirwere zvinogara pamwe, uye kunyange kuenda kumwedzi .
Kubudirira kwezvinodhaka zveHIV zvinogona kupera muRopa, maTishu
Isu tinoedza ropa reHIV kwete nekuti ndiyo yakanakisisa yekutapukirwa asi nekuti inopa kuwanika nyore kana ichienzaniswa, ichiti, marora emasera kana zvimedu. Izvozvo hazvirevi kuti haisi chiyeuchidzo chakasimba kwazvo-asi-asi hazviiti kuti tiwane mufananidzo wakazara mukubudirira kwemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya inopinda mumasero akasiyana nemaviri emumuviri wedu.
Isu tagara takaziva, somuenzaniso, kuti zvinodhaka sezidovudine (AZT) zvinokwanisa kupindira muuropi uye masero emasipinha zvakanyanya kubudirira uye pamagariro anopfuura kupfuura mamwe ose mishonga yeHIV. Ichi ndicho chikonzero chakave chakashandiswa kwenguva refu kune vanhu vane AIDS chinetso chemaitiro senzira yekugadzirisa kufambira mberi kwechirwere ichi.
Saizvozvowo, kune uchapupu huri kukura huri chirwere cheTruvada, kana chinoshandiswa sechirwere chekudzivirira ( chinozivikanwa sePrEP ), hachipindi mumatehwe emukadzi nenzira imwechete iyo inoita rectum.
Tsvakurudzo inobva kuYunivhesiti yeNorth Carolina kuChapel Hill yakaratidza kuti Truvada yekufungidzirwa muzvikamu zvinyorwa zvinogona kupa zvinopfuura 90 muzana kudzivirirwa nemaviri maviri kana matatu PREP mavhiki . Kusiyana neizvi, kuwedzera kweTruvada mumakumbo echikadzi kwaive kwakadzika kwazvo, zvichipa huwandu hwemazana makumi manomwe chete kudzivirirwa kunyange neve pedyo-yakakwana kuterera zuva nezuva.
Izvo zvinogona kunyanya kushandiswa kune chikamu chebonde chechikadzi. Kana zvakadaro, zvinoita kuti utachiona hweHIV hugadzirise hutachiona kune imwe nzvimbo mumuviri asi hupere muhutachiona kana pane hutachiona.
Muchiitiko ichi, zvinofungidzirwa kuti zvirwere zvezvirwere zvinogona kunge zvakakonzera kuti zvive izvo zvinokonzera kuparara mumurume nemadzimai.
Maitiro Azvo Simba Rako Rokuzvidzivirira Mumuviri Rinokonzera Shedding
Kuvapo kwehupi hwehutachiona huchaita kuti zvirwere zvemuviri zvirwe. Kana izvi zvikaitika, muviri unopindura nekusunungura zvinhu mumutumbi unonzi cytokines inoshanda kuratidza uye kuendesa masero ezvirwere kumusana wehutachiona. Nepo dzimwe dzei-cytokines dzinobatsira kurwisana nehutachiona, zvimwe zvinopesana ne "kumuka" isina hutachiona hweHIV yakavanzwa mumasero akasiyana-siyana uye maviri emuviri.
Anozivikanwa sezvivako zvakachengetedzwa , idzi idzi dzinoshandiswa mumagetsi dzinochengetedza zvakasimba hutachiwana hwekuchengetedzwa kwemuviri mumuviri. Inowanzoitika panguva yehutachiwana hwehutachiona, apo maitiro ezvirwere zvemumasimba anogadziriswa, kuti hutachiona huchaerekana hwavazve. Ichi ndicho chikonzero vamwe vanhu vanogona kuenda kwemakore vasingagoni kurapwa uye kamwe kamwe vane chirwere chikuru chinotungamirirwa nenyoka yakakura mumabasa eropa.
Chimiro ichocho chinoratidzika sechishanda kune chikamu chemukati chekuderedza HIV. Muhupo hwehutachiona, taura chirwere chepabonde kana prostatitis , maitiro ezvirwere zvekudzivirira muviri achabudisa pachena zvakasiyana-siyana zveproinflammatory cytokines (rudzi rwakabatanidzwa nekuputika). Uku kuputika kwechimbichimbi chekuputika kwepamunharaunda kunobatanidzwa zvakananga nekuwedzera kwekuderera kwemhepo.
Apo izvi zvinenge zvichiitika, masero machena ezvidziviriro (leukocytes) achaerekana anyura nzvimbo yehutachiona. Imwe yea leukocyte, inonzi CD4 T-cell , ndiyo inonyanya kukosha yeHIV. Sezvo idzi T-seli dzakatapukirwa mukurwiswa kwokutanga, nhamba dzehutachiona dzinomuka kusvikira panguva yakadai sehutachiwana hwemunharaunda hunoiswa pasi pesimba.
Icho chiri panguva iyi yakawanda yebasa rehutachiona iyo munhu ane hutachiona hweHIV anogona kutapurira utachiona kune vamwe. Kunyange zvazvo hutachiona hwehutachiona hunogona kuwedzera nehogi imwe chete kana zvakadaro (kuruka kubva, inoti, kusvika ku100 kusvika ku1000), zvinogona kunge zvakakwana kuti zvive nyore kukanganisa.
Kurwiswa kweHIV Panguva yekuenda kumwedzi
Kuparara kwechirwere che HIV kunogona kuitika semugumisiro wekuenda kumwedzi. Panguva yekudururira hakugoni kuwedzera kuwandisa kwekutengesa kwevakadzi kune HIV, iyo inogona kune avo vasingazivi nezvehupenyu hwavo kana kuti vasina kutorwa.
Chidzidzo chinobva kuOregon Health and Science University (OSHU) chakaongorora boka revakadzi raive vakagadzirirwa kunatswa kwepabonde semugumisiro wekugara pamwe chete kwehepes simplex (HSV-2) . (HSV-2, utachiona hunoita 67 muzana yehuwandu hwevanhu vese, hunozivikanwawo hunoita kuti vagari vese vagare mumadzimai ane zviratidzo uye vasingazivi .)
Pakati peboka iri revakadzi, HIV yakateura yakajairika panguva yokuenda kumwedzi uye inowedzera huwandu huwandu huwandu hwehutachiona hunofananidzwa nehutachiona hwekutanga. Izvi zvakaitika kana mukadzi aiva nezviratidzo zveHSV-2 kana kwete. Kunyange zvazvo kuwedzerwa uku kungave kusingaverengeki kune vakadzi vane basa rehutachiwana rakadzingwa, raifungidzirwa zvikuru kune avo vane hutachiona hwepamusoro.
Maererano nevatsvakurudzi, kuderedza hutachiona panguva yekuenda kumwedzi kunogona kureva zvakanyanya sekuwedzera kwemazana makumi matanhatu nemashanu kubva muhutachiwana hweHIV kana mukadzi asingateereri. Kusiyana neizvi, hutachiona hweHIV hunogona kuderedza, kunyange zvazvo husingaregi zvachose, njodzi kune murume ane HIV.
Shoko Rinobva
Kubvira pakuiswa kwePrEP, taona donyo rinogona kuenzaniswa mukushandiswa kwekondomu. Chimwe chidzidzo cheFrance, chaizvoizvo, chakaratidza kuti kunyanya munhu akatora PrEP, zvishoma kuti iye angashandisa makondomu (54 muzana zvishoma zvishoma kuti ive yakarurama).
Kunyange zvazvo kubudirira kwePPR kunenge kusina mubvunzo, kunyanya muvanhu vakasiyana-siyana vakaroorana uye vanhu vari pangozi yekutapukirwa, haifaniri kureva kuti makondomu haana kukosha kudarika kare.
Pakupedzisira, chero hutachiwana hutachiwana hweHIV hunokonzerwa nezvinhu zvakawanda zvinosanganisira, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, rudzi rwemhando dzepabonde dzinobatanidzwa uye hutano hwevanhu vasina hutachiona. Kunyangwe kana hutachiona hwehutachiwana huri pasi, zvimwe zviitiko zvinogona kukwira imwe pamusoro pekuwedzera kuwedzera ngozi, dzimwe nguva inokosha.
Chirwere chepabonde chisingazivikanwi chakabatana neBacterial vaginosis chinotarisana neinonzi spike mumushonga wehutachiona pane dzimwe nguva zvinotora kuchinja "huwandu hwehutano" hwepabonde mukana wekutapukirwa.
Kana usina mubvunzo pamusoro pemukomana wako wepabonde, uye kana uine vazhinji vanoita zvepabonde, usatora mukana. Shandisa makondomu nemamwe mabhii ekudzivirira kuti uzvidzivirire iwe nemumwe wako.
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