Kana iwe wakamboona bhazha ra2011 "Contagion," iwe unoziva kuti imomo misoro-biter. Muchiri, iwe unotevera denda rinoparadza rinopararira pasi rose sehutano hwehutano huri kuratidzika kuti humise. Iyo firimu, pane dzimwe nguva, inotyisa. Izvo zvinonyatsotaridzika.
Vashandi vehutano hwehutano vanorwara zvirwere zvezuva nezuva, uye nepo basa racho harisi nguva dzose seinofadza sezvinoitwa neHollywood, iyo inokosha yebasa rehutano hwehutano-imwe yezvinhu gumi zvinokosha zvemashoko, chaizvoizvo.
Nhoroondo
Mishonga uye hutano hwehupfumi huzhinji hunopindirana, asi vanosangana nehutano kubva kune maonero maviri akasiyana. Kunyange zvazvo vashandi vezvechiremba vanowanzofunga nezvekuongororwa, kurapa, uye kutarisira murwere mumwe nomumwe pamberi pavo, hutano hwepaguru hunotora huwandu hwemaonero - evanhu vemunharaunda yose. Kana yaita zvakanaka, hutano hwevanhu hune humwe hunokwanisa kuita chimwe chinhu chinoshamisa: hapana. Hapana kuputika. Hapana zvinetso zveutano. Kwete mararamiro akarasika vasati vasvika. Izvo zvakakwirira-uye zvichida hazvigoneki - chinangwa, asi chinosanganisira chinhu chinonyanyokosha chehutano hwevanhu. Iko ndiko, kudzivirira.
Imwe mitambo inokosha yakasimuka mumakore ekutanga makumi mapfumbamwe nematatu pamwe chete nemakakava pamusoro pekushandura kwehutano. Panguva iyo chete mitatu "miviri yepamusoro" yehutano hwehutano yaive yakazivikanwa: kuongorora, kukurudzira mitemo, uye kuvimbiswa. Kunyange zvazvo hutsika hukuru huripo, hwaive hwakakura kwazvo kuti huve hunoshanda. Vatungamiri vehutano vehupfumi vaida kupa humwe hutungamiri hwehutano hwemashoko ehutano uye vatongi vanoita nekuchengetedza utano hwemunharaunda yavo. Chigumisiro chacho chaiva chirevo chekubvumirana kwakarondedzera mazano makuru munhu wose anoshanda mune hutano hwepachena anofanira kuedza.
Hezvino ndizvo zvavakauya nazvo.
Tarisa Utano Hwakanaka Kuziva uye Kugadzirisa Matambudziko Ehutano Evanhu
Chinhu chakakosha chinonyanya kukosha kune yese yehutano huri dhese. Pasina iyo, vagari vemo havazivi zvinodiwa, pane zvinotarisirwa kuitika, kana kuti kugovera sei zvigadzirwa zvakanaka. Mu "Kutapukisa," masangano ehutano ehurumende seCenters for Disease Control and Prevention uye World Health Organization vakanga vatotopisa mumugwagwa wekuputika vanhu vasati vaziva kuti zvaive zvichiitika nekuda kwekutarisa nzira dziri munzvimbo.
Kune mamiriro ezvinhu munyika yose kubatsira malarms anonzwika kana zvinhu zvisina kunaka. Nepo netsika ivo vakanyanya kuvimba nezvinhu zvakadai sekurondedzera nevashandi vezvechiremba, kuitisa kuongororwa, kana kuenzanisa mabhii ekuongorora, internet yakapa nzira itsva dzekutarisa zvirwere mumatanho ekutanga, kana kunyange vasati vatanga. Munda mutsva unonzi digital zviratidzo zvehutachiona zvakauya kuzobatsira vashandi vehutano hwehutano uye vatsvakurudzi vanoona kuputika nokukurumidza kuburikidza nekutsvaga mitsara inokosha pamagariro evanhu kana kusangana nenyaya dzepaIndaneti nhau. Aya maitiro haangotaridzi zvirwere zvinotapukira. Kuongorora hutano hwehutano hunorevawo kutarisa zvinhu zvakadai sekukuvadzwa, zvirwere zvisingaperi, uye zviratidzo zvekuberekwa kuti uone kuti zvii-kana zviripo-zviripo.
Iyi basa rinokosha. Mushure mezvose, pamberi pehutano vakuru vehurumende vanogona kuita chinhu chipi nechipi kuti vavandudze hutano hwemunharaunda, ivo vanofanira kutanga vatora kuti chii chinofanira kuitwa.
Kuongorora uye Kuongorora Matambudziko Ehutano Nehutano Hwehutano Munharaunda
Pane imwe nguva maawa anokwidziridzwa, vakuru vehutano vehutano vanozoshanda kuti vaone kuti ndiani anonyanya kuchinjwa uye nei. Sangano rose rezvesayenzi rakanyatsozvitsaurirwa kuongorora maitiro ehutano. Inonzi epidemiology.
Epidemiologists vanounganidza uye vanoongorora deta kuti vaone kuti zvirwere kana hutano huri kugoverwa sei munharaunda inopiwa, zvipi zvinokosha izvo zviitiko izvi zvakafanana, uye-zvinonyanya kukosha-kuti ruzivo urwu runogona kushandiswa sei kudzivirira matambudziko anotevera. Apo pane salmonella kuputika, epidemiologists ndivo vanotaura kune avo vanorwara, vachiunganidza mashoko pamusoro pezvavanodya, uye vanongoratidzira zvokudya zvipi zvingave zvakakonzera kuitira kuti zvigone kubviswa kubva pamashafurifu.
Inform, Kudzidzisa, uye Kupa Vanhu Nezvehutano Hwehutano
Pane imwe nguva vashandi vehutano hwehutano vachiziva zviri kuitika, ndiani anokonzera, uye-kana zvichikwanisika-kuti angaidzivirira sei, ivo vanozoparadzira shoko kuvanhu vakawanda.
Imwe mienzaniso yakabudirira zvikuru yebasa rinokosha mukuita kwakange iri Mushandira Wekudzokera Kumubhedha. Apo magadzirirwo epidemiologist munyika yose akatanga kutora nzvimbo yekurara sechinhu chinokonzerwa nechirwere chisinganzwisisiki kufa syndrome, American Academy of Pediatrics uye mamwe mahofisi eheath muUnited States akatanga sangano rekudzidzisa rinokurudzira vabereki kuti vaise vana vavo kurara pamusana wavo, panzvimbo pane mudumbu kana kumativi avo. Vanachiremba vakataura nezvazvo nemhuri yevarwere vavo, mapepa akaparadzirwa, uye nyanzvi dzakaenda kuterevhizheni kuparadzira shoko.
Uye zvinoita sokuti yakashanda. SIDS inodonhedzwa nepamusoro pe50 muzana mumakore achangobva kupera kwechikwata.
Itai kuti hurumende ishamwaridzane uye chiito chekuziva nekugadzirisa matambudziko ehutano
Kazhinji kunodzivirira zvirwere uye kukurudzirwa kwehutano kunoitwa nesangano rimwe chete muvharo. Utano hwehutano hunoenderana nekubatana nekusigirwa kwevanhu vakasiyana-siyana vanobatana kuti vaongorore, vagadzirise, uye vadzivirire nyaya dzehutano. Izvo zvinosanganisira vanhu nemasangano avo vangave vasina kubatanidzwa mune hutano zvakananga, asi avo vane rubatsiro rwakakosha mukuunganidza ruzivo rwakarurama nekupa simba kune vamwe kuti vatore humwe hutano hunochinja.
Semuenzaniso, zvirongwa zvakawanda zvehutano hwehutungamiri hwevanhu zvakashandura kumapoka evanhu pamwe nevamwe kuti vabatsire kurwisana neHIV mune vanhu vakawandisa. Panzvimbo yekushandisa masimba mashoma kuparadzira ruzivo rwakakosha, mapurogiramu anoshanda mukati pezera rezveruzhinji kuti asvike kune avo vari pangozi yekutapukirwa. Mushure mezvose, ndiani ari nani kubatsira kubatsira kuchinja kwakanaka munharaunda kupfuura vanhu vatove vari chikamu chayo?
Ita Zvinangwa neMapurogiramu Anotsigira Mumwe Nomumwe uye Mushandirapamwe Wehutano Hwemunharaunda
Zvimwe zvehutano hukuru hwehutano hwehupenyu hwezana remakore rapfuura dzakanga dzisiri pamusana pekudzidzisa-kana-imwe-imwe, maitiro emunharaunda. Izvo zvaive chikonzero chechinangwa chekuchinja. Nzvimbo dzekuchengeteka kwebasa rekushanda, mitemo yebhandi remakumbo, uye zvigadziro zvehutano hwemvura yekunwa, somuenzaniso, zvose zvakakonzera kuvandudzika kwehutano hwedu nekuchengeteka.
Chikoro zvirwere zvinodiwa, somuenzaniso, zvakagadzira hukuru mukuwedzera kwehutachiwana hwehutachiona uye, zvakare, kurwisa zvirwere-zvinodzivirirwa sejesu uye chickenpox. Hakusi chete zvaidiwa kushanda kuchengetedza vana nevana, asi zvakakonzerwa nemazinga ekuzvidzivirira akaita kuti zvive zvakaoma kuti zvirwere zvipararire-chirongwa chinozivikanwa seboka rekudzivirirwa kwechirwere-isu tichibatsira kuchengetedza kunyange vanhu vazhinji zvikuru munharaunda.
Simbisa Mitemo neMitemo inodzivirira Utano uye Kuchengetedza kuchengetedzwa
Utano hwehutano hunobatsira kudzivirira chirwere chinotakura chirwere nekudyira nzvimbo dzekutsvaga kuti dziite maererano nemimwe mitemo, asi ingadai inoshanda here kana vakuru vehutano vasina kumbobuda kuzoongorora makicheni? Izvo zvinogona kutaurwa nemishonga. Kuongororwa kwezvivako zvekugadzira neAkadya neDrug Administration kunobatsira kuderedza dambudziko kuti mishonga yemishonga inosvibiswa. Zvinetso zvinogona kutungamirira kuhuwandu hwehutano hwehutano huri nani, asi bedzi kana hukasimbiswa.
Itai Vanhu Kudikanwa Nezvehutano Hwehutano Hwevanhu
Utano hwehutano muUnited States hwakapatsanurwa uye hwakaoma zvikuru. Kana iwe uchikwanisa kuwona chiremba iwe kana kuti iwe usingakwanisi kuona chiremba paunoda kuti ugosiyana-siyana zvichienderana nemhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzezvinhu, kusanganisira makore ako, nzvimbo, mamiriro emari, utano hwehutano, nemamiriro emabasa. Masangano ehutano ehurumende anobatsira kuona kuti vamwe vevanhu vanotambura zvikuru munharaunda vanokwanisa kuwana hutano-uye kuwana hazvirevi kungopinda kuzoona chiremba. Inogonawo kureva kuva nekutakura kune uye kubva kumabasa ekurapa, kukwanisa kwekuchengetwa kwakapiwa, nekushandurwa kwemhando yezvinyorwa.
Imwe yenzira dzakawanda dzemasangano ehutano hwehutungamiri hwevanhu inobatsira kubatanidza vanhu kune mabasa kuburikidza nezvipatara zvehutano. Kunyange zvazvo kazhinji nzvimbo idzi dzichipa rubatsiro rwakananga kune vanhu vanoita mari shoma uye vasina kuvimbiswa, vanowanzopa zvinhu zvakadai sehutano hwehutano, kupa mazano, uye kutumira mabasa. Semuenzaniso, Special Supplemental Nutrition Program yeVasikana, Vacheche, nevana-inowanzonzi WIC-inowanzotungamirirwa nedhipatimendi rehutano hwenyika mukuedza kuita kuti vana vose pasinei nemari inowana mari yekuwana kudya kwakanaka mumakore mashomanana eupenyu .
Iva nechokwadi Chekugonesa Kwevanhu Nehutano Nehutano Hushandi Vashandi
Mishonga nguva dzose inoshanduka kuenderana nekutsvakurudza kwemazuva ano uye hutaneti huripo. Ndosaka vashandi vezvokurapa muUnited States vanodiwa kutora zvidzidzo kuti varambe vachienda kune imwe nguva. Masangano ehutano ehurumende akadai seCenters for Disease Control and Prevention, pamwe nemasangano ehutano hwenharaunda, anobatanidza nesangano rezvechiremba kupa zvidzidzo zvidzidzo zvakapfurikidza pane zvakasiyana-siyana nyaya, kusanganisira zvinhu zvakadai sebioterrorism nekugadzirisa dambudziko-hongu, kunyange kutarisa kune zvakasikwa njodzi dzinowira pasi pehutano hwevanhu, zvakare.
Ongorora Kubudirira, Kubatikana, uye Unhu hweZvipatano
Sezvo kubudirira sekuedza kwehutano kwevanhu kwakave kuri kuchengetedza hupenyu nekuvandudza hutano hwevanhu, pane nguva dzose zvinogona kuitwa. Zvirongwa zvehutano zviri pasi pedyo nguva dzose zvichitevera kuongorora nekuongorora kuti zvive nechokwadi kuti zvinoshanda, uye mapurogiramu anoda mari yekubhadhara anoongororwawo kuti ave nechokwadi chokuti zvishandiswa zviri kushandiswa zvinobudirira uye zvinobudirira.
Kuti uite izvi, masangano anotarisa zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana uye anosanganisira mauto akasiyana-siyana. Vashandi vezvehutano, semuenzaniso, vanogona kubatsira kuenzanisa kukosha kwehutano hwechinangwa chekushandurwa. Epidemiologists anotarisa zvirwere zvinotarisa pakati pevatori vechikamu cheimwe nzira yehutano yekuona kana vakagadziridzwa. Biostatisticians vanoongorora nhoroondo kubva kuongorori uye marekodhi ezvokurapa kuti vaone kana zvimwe zviratidzo zvehutano muhuwandu hwakapiwa zvashanduka. Hazviiti chete kuti migumisiro iyi inobatsira kuvandudza mapurogiramu, asi kunzwisisa kwakagoneka kunogonawo kushandiswa pakutsvaga kwekutanga kwebasa rinokosha pamusoro apa.
Kutsvakurudza kweNew Insights uye Nzira Dzokugadzirisa Dambudziko Rehutano
Imwe yenzira dzinonyanya kukosha hutano hunoita basa rekuchengetedza hutano nekuchengetedzwa kwevanhu munharaunda ndeyokubvunza mibvunzo, kuunganidza dambudziko, nekuwana nzira itsva uye dzakanakisisa dzokugadzirisa zvinetso. Kutsvakurudza kwehutano hwepaguru kwakaitwa pamotokari yemotokari kwakaita kuti tive nemoto yakachengeteka uye mabhandi emakumbo. Kutsvakira kutsvaga kwemazino anomaly kwakaita kuti kuve nekubatanidzwa kwe fluoride mumvura yekunwa. Kunyatsonzwisiswa kwemasimba edu emagumisiro kwakaguma mukuvandudza zvirwere zvakachengetedza mamiriyoni ehupenyu uye mabhiriyoni emadhora.
Saka kwete, hutano hwevanhu hahuna kunaka. Asi zvinoshamisa zvishamiso.
> Sources:
> Centres for Disease Control and Prevention. The Public Health System uye 10 Essential Public Health Services.
> Community Communitybox. Chitsauko 2: Chikamu 7. Ten Essential Public Health Services. Centre for Community Health and Development at University of Kansas.