The Molecular Messengers
Cytokine inoshumira semasikeloni nhume pakati pemasero. Cytokines mapuroteni anogadzirwa nemasero. Nezve arthritis, cytokines inodzora mhinduro dzakasiyana-siyana dzekuvhiringidza . Kurotokine inobatanidza nemasero ezvirwere zvemuviri zvekuzvidzivirira kuitira kuronga mitezo yomuviri kune zvirwere uye utachiona, pamwe nekupindirana nemaitiro emagetsi emutumbi.
Aina dzeCytokine
Cytokine dzakasiyana, zvinoreva kuti havasi vose zvakafanana. Cytokine inoshumira mabasa akasiyana-siyana mumuviri:
- coloni inokurudzira zvinhu (kukurudzira kugadzirwa kwemasero eropa)
- kukura uye kusiyanisa zvinhu (basa rinonyanya mukugadzirwa, maitiro ekugadzirisa, uye kugadzirisa)
- immunoregulatory uye proinflammatory cytokines (semuenzaniso, interferons, interleukins, uye TNF-alpha inoshanda mumuviri wemuviri)
Kunyange zvazvo "cytokines" iri izwi remubura rinosanganisira marudzi ose, kune mamwe mazita chaiwo anopiwa ma cytokines zvichienderana nehupi hwechiremera chinoita kuti ivo kana chiito chavo chavo mumuviri:
- lymphokines (yakaitwa ne lymphocytes)
- monokine (yakagadzirwa ne monocytes)
- chemokines (inobatanidza nemakotactic zviito)
- interleukins (yakagadzirwa ne leukocyte imwe chete asi inoshanda kune dzimwe leukocytes)
Nzira dzeCytokines Dzinoshanda Sei?
Zvirwere zvemuviri zvisiri nyore - mhando dzakasiyana dzemasero emununisi nemaproteine anoita mabasa akasiyana. Cytokine iri pakati peavo mapuroteni.
Kutsanangura kuti magytokines anoshanda zvakaoma sei. Icho chidzidzo mu cell cellology. Asi, kuti unzwisise kuputika, unofanira kunzwisisa basa iro cytokines inotamba.
Cytokine inosunungurwa nemasero kupinda mumasaisai kana zvakananga mumatumbu. I-cytokines inowana majekiseni ekuzvidzivirira ezvirwere uye inobatanidza nevanogamuchirwa pamasero ezvirwere mumuviri nekuzvisunga kwavari.
Kutaurirana kunokonzera kana kukurudzira mhinduro dzakananga nemasero anoshandiswa.
Overproduction of Cytokines
Kunyanya kudyidzwa kana kukanganisa kwekugadzirwa kweimwe cytokines nemuviri kunogona kukonzera zvirwere. Somuenzaniso, zvakawanikwa kuti interleukin-1 (IL-1) uye tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) inobudiswa zvakanyanyisa mu rheumatoid arthritis uko inobatanidzwa mukuputika uye kuparadzwa kwezviputi.
Biologic Zvinodhaka Ndiyo Cytokine Inhibitors
Biologic zvinodhaka zvakagadzirwa kuti zvidzivise IL-1 kana TNF-alpha. Kineret (anakinra) yakagadzirwa semushonga we rheumatoid arthritis uye inobata nekudzivisa kusungirirwa kweI-IL kusvika kune yakagamuchira. TNF-alpha inhibitors (inonziwo TNF blockers ) inosunga TNF uye inodzivirira TNF kuti irege kusangana neyero surface receptors. Enbrel (etanercept), Remicade (infliximab), Humira (adalimumab), Simponi (golimumab), uye Cimzia (certolizumab pegol) vane TNF blockers. Actemra (tocilizumab) inosunga IL-6.
Dzimwe biologic zvinodhaka zviri mukugadzirwa. Chidzidzo chekudzidza kubva pachikamu chekutanga chechikamu chechitatu che sarilumab (chinonzi SARIL-RA-TARGET), munhu anopesana nevanhu anopesana neI-6 receptor, akaratidza kuti mishonga inosangana zvose zviri zviviri pakupedzisira kwekuvandudzwa kwezviratidzo uye zviratidzo zverheumatoid arthritis uye kuvandudzwa kwemuviri basa.
Sarilumab inosungirirana nehupamhi hwepamusoro neI-6 receptor, ichivhara kusungirirwa kweI-6 nekuvhiringidza chiratidzo chechitokine-mediated inflammatory. Zvisinei, musi waOctober 31, 2016, FDA yakaramba sarilumab zvichienderana nokushaikwa kwavakawana panguva yekuongorora kwekugadzira. Apo imwe nzira yekugadzirisa inogadzirwa, Regeneron neSanofi chinangwa chokudzosa zvakare kubvumirwa muna 2017. Munguva iyi, musi waFebruary 1, 2017, Health Canada yakabvumira mushonga pasi pezita, Kevzara (sarilumab).
Shoko Rinobva
Kunyange zvazvo ma cytokines achiita semusoro wakaoma, zvinokosha kunzwisisa chirwere chinoputika chiri pamucheto wezvokuvhiringidza maitiro eArthritis.
Tinoziva kuti pane zvose zvinonzi proinflammatory cytokines uye anti-inflammatory cytokines. Izvo zvinonzi protoflammatory cytokines zvinobatsira mukurudzirwa kwehupuka uye neuropathic kurwadziwa. Iro-anti-inflammatory cytokines inonyanya kuvhiringidza cytokine antagonists. Pane uchapupu hunoratidza kuti chemokines inobatanidzwa pakuita marwadzo, uyewo mukuramba kwekutambudzika.
> Sources:
> Growth Factors uye Cytokines. > Primer > paRheumatic Diseases. Mharidzo 12. Yakabudiswa neArthritis Foundation.
> Regeneron uye Sanofi Parizvino Zvakawanikwa kubva Pivotal Phase 3 Chidzidzo cheSarilumab paAmerican College yeRheumatology Annual Meeting. Regeneron. November 8, 2015.
> McInnes I. uye Schett G. Cytokines mumapathogenesis ehurmatoid arthritis. Nature Immunology. June 2007
> Cytokines. BioBasics. 4/24/2006.
> Zhang, JM et al. Cytokines, Inflammation > and > Pain. International Anesthesiology Clinics. Spring 2007.