Kuwedzera Kunokonzera Matambudziko Kuramba Uchienda Kune Dambudziko Vanotsvakurudza
Imwe yezvipingamupinyi zvekurapa kana kukudziridza chirongwa chinogadzirisa cheHIV ndezvepamusoro yehutachiona hwehutachiwana pachahwo. Kunyange zvazvo mavairasi anoshandisa kaviri-strand DNA kuti adzore haana kunyatsogadzikana, retroviruses yakafanana neHIV inodzokera kumashure mukudzokorora kwavo (kushandisa RNA imwe chete) uye haina kusimba. Somugumisiro, HIV inonyanya kuchinja kuchinja- kutora, chaizvoizvo, inenge mamiriyoni kazhinji pane masero anoshandisa DNA.
Sezvo hutachiona 'hutachiona hwakasiyana-siyana huchiwedzera uye hutachiona hwehutachiona husati huripo hunopfuudzwa kubva kumunhu kusvika kumunhu, zvakakanganiswa mazita ezviko zvinogona kuumba itsva maHIV ma hybrids. Kunyange zvazvo vazhinji vezvirimwa izvi vachifa, vashomanana vanenge vasara vanowanzoratidza kukurudzirwa kweHIV thérapie, uye mune dzimwe nguva, kukurumidza kukura kwezvirwere.
Kusiyana kweHIV, saka, kunogadzira chimwe chinhu che "chinangwa chinokonzera" kune vatsvakurudzi, vane tsvina itsva (yakabatanidzwa yegenetic) inogona kukwanisa kana zvachose kudzivisa kusagadzirisa maitiro. Vamwe, kufanana nedambudziko reA3 / 02 rakanzwisiswa nevatsvakurudzi veSweden muna 2013, vanokwanisa kupedza simba rekudzivirirwa kwemunhu zvakanyanya kukuvadza kupfuura matambudziko aimbozivikanwa kare.
Chii chiri HIV-1 uye HIV-2?
Kune marudzi maviri eHIV: HIV-1 neHIV-2. HIV-1 inonzi ndiyo inonyanya kukosha, iyo inomiririra huwandu hwehutachiona munyika yose, nepo HIV-2 inonyanya kushandiswa uye inonyanya kuiswa munzvimbo dzekumavirira uye pakati peAfrica.
Kunyange zvazvo zvose zvehutachiona hweHIV zvinogona kutungamirira kuAIDS , HIV-2 inonyanya kuoma kuparadzira uye yakawandisa kudarika HIV-1.
Muchikamu chimwe nechimwe chezvivhiringidzi zveHIV mune mapoka mashoma, subtypes ("clades"), uye sub-subtypes. Pasina mubvunzo, mamwe maitiro e-subtypes uye maitiro anogadziriswa achaonekwa sekupararira kwehutachiona hweHIV kuchiri mberi.
VHIV-1 Mapoka uye Zvikamu
HIV-1 yakakamurwa kuva mapoka mana: Gulu M (rinoreva "guru"); Boka O (rinoreva "kunze," kana kupfuura uko mamwe maboka anoonekwa); uye neboka N (zvinoreva "kwete M" uye "kwete"); uye neboka P (zvinoreva "kumira"). Mapoka mana akasiyana akarongedzwa nemhando dzakasiyana dzakasiyana dzemu simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIV) iyo yaizivikanwa kuti inopfuudzwa kubva kumapes kana chimpanze kune munhu.
HIV-1 Boka M
VHIV-1 Gira M raiva boka rokutanga rinozivikanwa uye nhasi rinomiririra vanenge 90 muzana yeHIV mamiriro enyika yose uye inogona kuwanikwa munzvimbo dzose dzepasi. Pakati peboka iri 10 subtypes, iyo inogona kusimbiswa, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, nzvimbo yavo yekuparidzirwa uye zvinopindira pamapoka akasiyana- siyana .
- Subtype A: inoonekwa kuWest Africa uye inosanganisa hutachiona hwepabonde uye injecting drug users (IDUs).
- Chikamu B: chikamu chinonyanya kukosha muEurope, America, Japan, Thailand neAustralia, inomiririra kuvhara kwose kuNorth America uye inenge 80% yevose muEurope. Zvirwere zvinowanzoitika pakati pevarume vanoita zvepabonde nevarume (MSM) uye IDUs kupfuura hutano hwepabonde.
- Chinyorwa C: inotsanangurwa seyakanyanya kufanana neHIV subtype inomiririra 48 muzana yehutachiona hwepasi rose, kunyanya hutano pamwe uye zvikurukuru muAfrica yeSouth Africa, India uye zvikamu zveChina.
- Mutsara D: kusanganiswa zvikuru kuEast uye Central Africa.
- Subtype E: a subtype inongowanikwa mu fomu recombinant ne subtype A.
- Muchikamu che F: pakati pediki mazana ehutachiwana hunoonekwa muCentral Africa, South America neEurope.
- Muchikamu chechiG: pakati pezana mazana ehutachiona hunoonekwa mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzeAfrica neEurope.
- Subtype H: pakati pezana shoma rwehutachiona hunoonekwa muCentral Africa.
- Subtype J: yakaona kuNorth, Central and West Africa, neCaribbean
- Subtype K: inogumira kuDemocratic Republic of Congo (DRC) neCameroon.
HIV-1 Boka O
Hondo-1 Gira O yakawanikwa muna 1990 uye inomiririra 1% chete yezvirwere pasi rese.
Iri boka reHIV rinopararira muCameroon uye nyika dzakapoteredza dzeAfrica.
HIV-1 Boka N
VHIV-1 Gira N yakawanikwa muna 1998 uye, zvakare, yakangoonekwa muCameroon ine mazana mashoma makumi maviri nemakumi maviri akanyorwa mairi.
HIV-1 Boka P
VHIV-1 Gira P ndiyo inowanikwa isina hutachiona hweHIV, inotanga kuonekwa mumukadzi kubva kuCameroon muna 2009. Inogona kusiyanisa kubva kune rimwe boka reHIV maererano nekutanga kwaro kwakabatanidzwa nechimiro cheSIV chinowanikwa kumagero ekumadokero. Kunyange zvazvo "P" yakagadzirirwa kuti iite "chimiro" chairo (kureva, kumirira kugutsikana kwehutachiwana humwe), yechipiri nyaya yakanyorwa yakaonekwa muna 2011 mumurume weKamerbia.
HIV-2 mapoka
Kunyange zvazvo mamiriro eHIV-2 ave akaonekwa pane imwe nzvimbo, zvirwere zvinowanzoonekwa muAfrica chete. Iko kune mairi masere mapoka eHIV-2, kunyange zvazvo mazana mashoma eA uye B ndivo chete avo vanoonekwa sehosha. HIV-2 inofungidzirwa kuti yakave yakasangana nemarudzi akasiyana-siyana kubva muhutachiona hweSIV hunoita kuti mhuka dzinokanganisa mangabeys dzive zvakananga kuvanhu.
VHIV-2 Boka A inonyanya kuonekwa muWest Africa, kunyange zvazvo kufamba kwenyika dzose kwakaita kuti zviduku zviduku zvakanyorwa zvinyorwa muU.S., Europe, Brazil neIndia. Kusiyana neizvi, HIV-2 Boka B rave rakachengetwa kune zvikamu zveWest Africa.
Sources:
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Palm A .; Esbjörnsson, J .; Månsson, F .; et al. "Kufambira mberi nokukurumidza kuAIDS neAIDS inosangana nehupenyu pakati pekuparadzanisa vanhu vanotapukirwa neHIV-1 A3 / CRF02_AG yakaenzaniswa ne-sub-subtype A3." Zvinyorwa zveHIV Zvinotapukira. March 1, 2014; 209 (5): 721-728.
Vallari, A .; Holzmayer, V .; Harris, B ;; et al. "Kuvimbiswa kwechirwere cheHIV-1 boka muCameroon." Journal of Virology. February 2011; 85 (3): 1403-1407.
Abecasis, A .; Wensig, A .; Paraskevis, D .; et al. "Kutapurirwa kweHIV-1 subtype uye maitiro evanhu vanoongorora vatsva muEurope vanoratidzira zvirwere zvakanyanya." Retrovirology. January 14, 2013; 10: 7; doi: 10.1186 / 1742-4690-10-7.