Mepu yeMhinduro yeViral Inotibatsira Kuti Tive neHIV Zvinodhaka
Kunzwisisa hupenyu hweHIV kwakaita kuti zvive nyore kugadzira mishonga yatinoshandisa kurapa chirwere. Inotibvumira kuziva kuti hutachiona hunoita zvipi zvayo, iyo iyo inotibvumira kuti tive ne nzira dzekudzivisa (kana kudzivisa) iyo nzira.
Utano hwehutachiona hweHIV hunowanzogoverwa kuva matanho matanhatu akasiyana, kubva pachigadziro chetachiona kusvika kumusasa wechirangaridzo kusvika kuhuwandu hwehutachiwana hweHIV huripo ( hunofananidzwa ).
Viral Attachment
Kana kamwe HIV inopinda mumuviri (kazhinji kuburikidza nekuita zvepabonde, kubuda ropa, kana kutapurirwa kweamai kuenda kumwana), inotsvaka seni yakagadzirirwa kuitira kuti iite. Munhu ari munyaya yacho ndiye CD4 T-cell inoshandiswa kuratidza kudzivirirwa kwezvirwere zvemuviri.
Kuti uwane hutachiwana sero, inofanira kuzvibatanidza nenzira yekuvhara-kay-kay type system. Maikirwo mapuroteni ari pamusoro pehutachiona hunobatana nemapuroteni anonyorera paCD4 cell mune imwe nzira iyo inopindira muchikanda. Izvi ndizvo zvinonzi viral attachment .
Viral attachment yakavharwa nevanopinda inhibitor-class drug inonzi Selzentry (maraviroc) .
Kuvhara uye Kusanganiswa
Kana imwe nguva yakabatanidzwa nechitokisi, HIV inokonzera mapuroteni ayo ari mumasero emuviri (cytoplasm) yeT-cell. Izvi zvinokonzera fusion ye membrane yesero kumusviputi wekunze weHIV. Iyi ndiyo nhanho inozivikanwa sehutachiona hwehutachiona .Umumwe akabatanidza, utachiona hunokwanisa kupinda muchitokisi.
Chirwere chinoshandiswa chinonzi Fuzeon (enfurvitide) chinokwanisa kupindira nehutachiona hwemhepo.
Viral Uncoating
HIV inoshandisa maitiro ayo (RNA) kubereka kuburikidza nekupamba mazai emagetsi emusasa. Mukuita kudaro, inogona kubvisa makopi akawanda ega. Iyo nzira, inonzi uncoating yevirus , inoda kuti kuvhara nekudzivirira kwakakomberedza RNA kunofanira kuparara. Pasina danho iri, kutendeuka kweRNA kusvika kuDNA (chivako chemugombwe mutsva) hakugone kuitika.
Transcription uye Shanduro
Pane imwe nguva muchitokisi, imwe chete yakagadzirirwa RNA yeHIV inofanira kuchinjwa kuDNA yakanyanyisa. Icho chinozadzisa izvi nekubatsirwa kwe enzyme inonzi reverse transcriptase .
Reverse transcriptase inoshandisa zvivakwa kubva paT-cell kuti ichinyatsorondedzera mazita ezve genetic mumashure: kubva kuRNA kusvika kuDNA. Kamwe kana DNA yakashandurwa, mazita emagetsi ane coding inofanira kuitika kuti kudengenyeka kwehutachiwana.
Zvinodhaka zvinonzi reverse transcriptase inhibitors zvinogona kudzivisa urongwa uhwu zvachose. Mitatu mitatu yemishonga, nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), nucleotide transcriptase inhibitors (NtRTIs) uye isiri nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), ine zvikanganiso zvepuroteni dzinozviisa muDNA iri kusimukira. Mukuita kudaro, DNA yakanyungudutswa yakagadzirwa neDNA haigoni kuumbwa zvakakwana, uye kudzokorora kunodziviswa.
Retrovir (zidovudine), Ziagen (abacavir), Sustiva (efavirenz) uye Viread (tenofovir) ndezvimwe zve reverse transcriptase inhibitors zvinowanzoshandiswa kurapa HIV.
Kubatanidzwa
Kuti hutachiona hweHIV hupfekedze seni rinogadzirisa maitiro emagetsi, inofanira kubatanidza DNA itsva ichangobva kuumbwa mukati memusero wesero. Zvinodhaka zvinonzi integrase inhibitors zvine simba rekudzivirira kubatanidzwa kwepakati nekudzivirira enzyme ye integrase inoshandiswa kutumira mazita ekuberekwa.
Isentress (ratelgraviv), Tivicay (dolutegravir), uye Vitekta (elvitegravir) ndevaya vatatu vanonyanyogadzirirwa integrase inhibitors.
Gungano
Kamwe kubatanidzwa kwakaitika, HIV inofanira kugadzira mapuroteni emadziro ayo anoshandisa kuunganidza hutachiona hutsva. Izvo zvinodaro neprotease enzyme, iyo inotora mapuroteni kuita zviduku zvishoma uye inounganidza zvidimbu muzvikamu zvitsva, zvakazara zvizere neHIV virions.
Kirasi yemishonga inonzi protease inhibitors inogona kunyatsovhara musangano . Zvose zvinosanganisira madhiragi akadaro sePrezista (darunavir) uye Reyataz (atazanavir).
Kuchengetedza uye Budding
Imwe mhuka inounganidza, inopinda nepakati yekupedzisira iyo yakakura inowanzobudirira kubva kumuchengetedzi wemutachiona.
Kana uchinge wasunungurwa musununguka, izvi zvinoitika zvinopfuurira kutapura imwe seni reimba uye kutanga kutorazve kudzokorora zvakare.
Hakuna mishonga inogona kudzivirira kusimwa nekugadzirisa .