Kurambidzwa kweHIV kwakachinja zvikuru mukati memakore gumi apfuura. Hatichaoni makondomu kana kudzivisa maitiro makuru ekuchengetedzwa kweHIV. Nhasi pane urongwa huzhinji huri kukura hwemasarudzo anokwanisa kushanda pamwechete kuderedza dambudziko reHIV kusvika kune-zvisingabatsiri.
Mutungamiri pakati peiyi mave kuve kwekuuya kwe -pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) , piritsi rimwechete-zuva rimwe nerimwe rinogona kuderedza dambudziko reHIV nepamusoro pe 92 muzana.
Kana yakashandiswa nehutachiwana hweHIV pamusoro pehutachiona hwehutachiona hwehutachiona , njodzi inogona kudonha kunyange kupfuura-kusvika pa99 kubva kune imwe inofungidzira.
Asi, pasinei nekubudirira kwayo kwakaratidza, pane zvinetso zvakakura mukushandiswa kwePPR. Mukuwedzera kune basa rekutora zvinodhaka zuva rega rega, hatisi kunyatsoziva kuti kunyatsoteerera kunodiwa sei kuti zvizadziswe zvakakwana kudzivirira. Zvimwe zvidzidzo zvakaratidza kuti varume vanoita zvepabonde nevarume vanoita zvepabonde vangada madoi maviri kana matatu pavhiki, apo vakadzi vangada kuswedera pedyo-kukwana kuti vabudirire zvakafanana.
Kuvandudza chigadzirwa, saka, icho chinogona kupa nguva yakazara kuchengetedzwa kunoonekwa sechinhu chinonyanya kukosha pakati peasayendisiti nevakuru vehutano zvakafanana.
MunaJanuary 2017, Mutemo weBill naMelinda Gates wakarongedza kuongorora gauntlet nekupa $ 50 mamiriyoni kuIntarcia Therapeutics, muBoston-based biopharmaceutical firm, kukudziridza chigoni chinogona kuiswa pasi peganda kupa HIV kuchengetedzwa mukati meawa.
Mipiro inobudirira inoisa zvigadziriswa zvishoma nezvishoma pakukura kwekukurumidza, pamwe chete nemamwe maitiro ekurapa kwenguva refu ari kuongororwa ose ekudzivirira uye kurapwa kweHIV.
Maitiro ekugadziriswa kweGwaro Rakaitwa Ringashanda
Iyo Intarcia chigadziro hachisi chokutanga icho chigadziro chekushandisa shanduro yekugadzirisa zvigadzirwa zvepamusoro kuti ipe chirwere chakasimba chekudzivirira mishonga.
Zviratidzo zvekudzivirira pamuviri , zvinenge zvakaenzana nehupamhi hwechikwata, zvakashandiswa kubvira muna 1983 kudzivirira kubata pamuviri kuvakadzi, nemichina yakatsva inogona kukwanisa kusvika kumakore matatu ekudzivirirwa kunoramba kuripo.
Zvimwe zvakagadzirwa nemishonga zvakatsvakurudzwa kuti zvishandiswe mune chirwere chechirwere cheshuga, chirwere chekenza, kurapwa kwechirwere chetachiona, uye kunyange schizophrenic disorders.
Mumunda weHIV, imwe yekutanga yekuisa pasi pasi yakagadzirwa nePadadena-based Oak Crest Institute yeScience. Kutsvakurudza kwepamberi pezvipfuwo kwakaratidza kuti chigadzirwa chavo, kana chakaiswa pasi peganda remukoko wepamusoro, chakakwanisa kutora chirwere chenguva yeTenofovir alafenamide (TAF) kwemazuva makumi mana pasina kuonekwa nemigumisiro.
Kutsvakurudza kuri kuenderera mberi kuwedzera pamusoro pemigumisiro iyoyo, nechinangwa chekugadzira chigadzirwa chakakwanisa kugovera chinyararire chekupararira kwemwedzi kusvika kumwedzi gumi nemaviri.
Kunyange zvazvo yakafanana mukuswedera, iyo Intarcia device (inonzi ITCA 650) inopa imwechete "mini-pampu" inoshandiswa inoita kuti inatsigise kuderedza kwemwedzi mitanhatu. Mvura inobva ku-extracellular fluid inopera kune rumwe rutivi rwechigadzirwa kuburikidza nemumusoro unotenderera, iyo inowedzera uye inotungamirira osmotic piston. Iyo ITCA 650 inoratidzika kuva inofambira mberi pamusoro pezvigadzirwa zvakapfuura uye yakatova nemigumisiro inonakidza muvanhu chirwere cheshuga chevanhu.
Kana zviitiko zvakafanana zvinowanikwa muHIV, chigadzirwa chinogona kugamuchirwa mukati memakore mashoma, makore mashomanana. Kunyange zvazvo Intarcia isati isarudze kuti mushonga wei antiretroviral unoshandisa, vakawanda vanotenda kuti Truvada (atofunga kuti ndiyo inonyanya kudiwa yePPRP) inenge ichinyatsopihwa iyo iyo yepamutemo inofanira kupera muna 2018.
Chikonzero nei kuisa pasi kwekugadza kuchikosha zvakadaro
Kunyange zvazvo vanhu vazhinji vachitora PR PrEP vachigona kuchengetedza zvakanyanya kushandiswa kwekuteerera, kushandiswa kwayo pakati pemapoka evanhu vane ngozi kunogona kusiyanisa zvikuru. Maererano nekutsvakurudza kwakaitwa paSvondo 21 reAIDS International muDurban, vanhu vari panjodzi huru yeHIV havasi ivo vanotora PrEP.
Izvi zvinosanganisira African Africa, iyo inomiririra 44 muzana yezvitsva zvepabonde zvegore negore asi gumi chete muzana yezvinyorwa zvePPR.
Kunyange zvazvo mutengo unonyatsoita basa mukuparadzana uku, kunyadzisa uye kuziviswa kunobatsirawo, kunyanya pakati pevamwe varume nevakadzi vanoita zvekuAfrica America vane 50 muzana yehupenyu hwehutano hwekuwana HIV . Kune vamwe vevarume ava, chero maitiro ehutachiona hweHIV (kunyange utachiona hwekuchengetedza) hunoenderana nekuzivisa kwakananga kwehutano hwavo hwepabonde.
Zvichipa zvinhu izvi, zvingave zvisiri izvo zvisingaoneki kudzivirira chigoni kukurira kutya uku?
Uyu mubvunzo unobvunzwa nehutano hwehutano, avo vave vachiedza kwenguva refu kudzivirira hutachiwana muhutano hwevanhu vanotambura, kunyanya vakadzi nevanasikana vasina simba. Zvisinei, dzakawanda zvezvirongwa zvakatsanangurwa, nepamusoro pepa pepa, zvakakundikana kana kuwira zvakanaka zvisingatarisirwi. Pakati pavo:
- Idzo VOICE uye FEM-PrEP miedzo, zvidzidzo zviviri zvePrEP zvekutanga zvakakundikana kudzivirira hutachiwana muboka revakadzi veAfrica, zvichida nemhaka yekusarudzwa kwekunyoresa.
- Maitiro eA ASPIRE uye RING, ayo akarovera zvindori zvakanyatsotarisirwa mumakumbo kune vakadzi vanopfuura 5 000 veAfrica. Muzviitiko zvose izvi, zviyero izvi zvakagadziriswa kuderedza kuzvininipisa kwe HIV (27 muzana uye 37 muzana, zvichienderana). Uyezve, avo vari pangozi yakakura (vane makore 18 ne24) vakanga vasina chavanodzivirira.
Izvo zvinopesana neizvi shure kuti subdermal implants inoratidza chivimbiso chikuru. Kwete chete kana vachikwanisa kubudiswa pamutengo wakadarika pane kurapa kwemuromo, vanobvumira vakadzi nevamwe kuti vadzivirire pachavo nekusanyanya kuona. Uye kusiyana nemhemberero dzomukati nemimwe michina ye microbicidal , haigoni kushandiswa zvisina kunaka kana kuti nyore kubviswa. (Imwe yezvakaderera zvinogona kunge ndeyekuti iyo inogadziriswa inoda kuitirwa pasi pekushaya maitiro.)
Kunyange zvazvo zvingangodaro makore asati aona chigadzirwa chakadaro chinogamuchirwa kurapwa kana kudzivirira kweHIV, tsvakurudzo yepakutanga inoramba ichivimbisa. Nokuda kweizvi, Gates Foundation yakavimbisa imwe $ 90 mamiriyoni muzvipo zvakakosha zvikuru kuti ivimbise zviri nani kuti chivimbiso chekuisa pasi kweHIV chakaitika.
> Sources:
> Bancroft, a. "Intarcia inogamuchira $ 140m Gate Foundation Grant yevasina-vasina HIV Tech." Mu-Pharma Technologist. Yakabudiswa naJanuary 4, 2017.
> Montanya, J. "Handbook yeInterin-Based Based Therapies mu Type 2 Chirwere Cheshuga." June 8, 2016; Springer Link; pp. 77-92.
> Du Toit, L .; Pillay, V .; uye Danckwerts, M. "Tuberculosis Chemotherapy: ikozvino kushandisa zvinodhaka zvinoswedera pedyo." Respir. Res. Svondo 2006; 7 (1): 118.
> Gunawardana, M .; Remedios-Chan, M .; Miller, C .; et al. "Pharmacokinetics ye Long-acting Tenofovir Alafenamide (GS-7340) Subdermal Implants yeHIV Prophylaxis." Antimicrobial Agents uye Chemotherapy. April 15, 2015; 4 (2): 186-190.