Kufananidzira Kutengesa Dambudziko neChirangaridzo Chetsika
Pakukurukurirana nezvehutachiwana hweHIV, zvakakosha kutanga kutanga maitiro mana anofanirwa kuitika kuitira kuti hutachiwana hweHIV huvepo:
- Panofanira kuva nemafuta emumuviri umo HIV inogona kukura . Izvi zvinosanganisira semeni, ropa, mumadzimai emadzimai, kana mukaka wemukaka. HIV haikwanisi kubudirira kunze kana mune zvikamu zvemuviri une high acid zvakagadzikana, zvakadai sedumbu kana chiropa.
- Panofanira kunge kune nzira yekufambisa inoshandiswa nemutumbi wemuviri . Nzira dzepamusoro dzekutumira dzinosanganisira zvimwe zvepabonde, zviyero zvakagoverana , kutarisana kwehutano , kana kutapura kubva kuna amai kuenda kumwana .
- Panofanira kunge kune nzira yehutachiona iyo inosvika masero anotambura mukati memuviri . Izvi zvinogona kuitika kuburikidza nokuputika kana kupinda mukati peganda kana kuti kuburikidza nemucheka mucosal we anus kana mukadzi. HIV haigoni kupinda mukati meganda.
- Iko kunofanirwa kuva nehutachiwana hwakakwana hwehutachiwana mumvura yemuviri . Ichi ndicho chikonzero saliva, sweat, uye misodzi hazvigoneki mishonga yeHIV sezvo hutachiona hwehutachiwana mumvura idzi hunofungidzirwa husina kukwana. Kuisa maitiro emakemikari mumatope (anonzi secretory leukocyte peptidase inhibitors, kana SLPIs) anozivikanwa zvikuru kuderedza simba reHIV kuti ribudirire.
Kusarudza kana basa "risina njodzi" kana "pangozi duku", naizvozvo, rinotarisana nezvakanaka sei basa rinogutsa chimwe chezvinhu izvi zvina.
Kutapukira kweHIV Kunogona Kuitika Pashure Pechimwe Chetachiona
Kupa rega muzana kune "ngozi" yeimwe basa ndeyebhizimisi rinonyengera. Kunyange zvazvo nhamba dzingaratidza kuti pane imwe chete-in-200 (kana kuti 0.5 muzana) mukana wekutapukirwa nezvakaitwa-uye-zvakadaro, izvo hazvirevi kuti haungagoni kutapukirwa mushure mekutsvaga kumwe chete.
Pane kudaro, chikamu chezvikamu makumi maviri nezviviri zvezvikamu zvitatu zve "kutaridzika kwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwehutachiona" hunongoratidzira kuratidza kuti chiyero chetachiona chimwe chichaitika kune vanhu 200 vanoita basa rakasiyana. Hazvirevi kuti iwe unoda kuita chimwe chinhu kanomwe kuti utapukwe.
Zvakakosha kuyeuka kuti kuongororwa kwengozi kunobva pane zvinhu zviviri uye zvinhu zviviri chete-kuti munhu mumwe ane HIV uye mumwe haaiti. Zvimwe zvinowanzobatanidzwa, zvakadai sekubatana kwepabonde zvepabonde , hutano hwehutano, uye hutachiona hwehutachiona hwomunhu ane hutachiona , hunogona kuwedzera huwandu hwehutano kusvikira basa rekuisa pangozi risina kuwandisa.
Inofungidzirwa nezveHIV Transmission Risk Per Exposure
Iko kuongororwa pasi apa hakufaniri kuonekwa sekugadzirisa asi kunoshandisa senzira yekunzwisisa dambudziko rehutachiwana hweHIV nehuwandu hwekutsvaga. Nhamba idzi dzinobva pane meta-kuongororwa kwezvidzidzo zvakasiyana-siyana zvekare zvakatarisa zvakananga pangozi yekutsvaga.
| Kuchengetedza | Rudzi rwekutsvaga | Ngozi yePe-Exposure |
| Anal | Kunyoresa zvepabonde pabonde nejeri | 1.43% (rimwe muna 70) |
| Kubvuma kubatana pabonde pasina kubvisa | 0.65% (imwe mu154) | |
| Kuita zvepabonde zvakashata, kusadzingiswa | 0.62% (imwe muna 161) | |
| Kuvhiringidza zvepabonde, kunodzingiswa | 0.11% (rimwe muna 909) | |
| Vaginal | Vaginal zvepabonde, mukadzi-ku-murume (nyika inobhadharwa) | 0.04% (rimwe muna 2500) |
| Vaginal zvepabonde, varume nevakadzi (nyika inowana mari yakakwirira) | 0.08% (imwe muna 1250) | |
| Vaginal zvepabonde, mukadzi-ku-murume (nyika inotora mari shoma) | 0.38% (rimwe muna 263) | |
| Vaginal zvepabonde, varume nevakadzi (nyika inotora mari shoma) | 0.3% (imwe muna 333) | |
| Vaginal zvepabonde, kusagadzikana kweHIV | 0.07% (imwe muna 1428) | |
| Kuita zvepabonde zvepabonde, nguva dzekupedzisira-chiratidzo che HIV | 0.55% (imwe muna 180) | |
| Oral | Chirevo-penile (fallatio), chinogamuchira | 0% kusvika ku 0.04% (imwe muna 2500) |
| Oral-penile (fallatio), kuisa | 0% kusvika ku005% (rimwe muna 20000) | |
| Mutauro wemukanwa (anilingus), pamwe chete | kusaremekedzwa | |
| Nhengo dzemumuromo-dzemadzimai (cunnilingus), pamwe chete | kusaremekedzwa | |
| Percutaneous | Yakagoverwa kushandiswa kwezvinodhaka zvekushandisa zvinodhaka , isina kuiswa ropa | 0.67% (imwe mu149) |
| Occupational needlestick kukuvara | 0.24% (rimwe muna 417) | |
| Izvo zvisina basa pabasa rekusimbisa w / sirusi yakaraswa | zvakaderera kusvika zvisina hanya | |
| Kuwedzerwa ropa (US) | 0.0000056% (imwe mu 1.8 mamiriyoni) | |
| Kuberekwa | Amai-ku-mwana, hapana antiretroviral therapy (ART) | 25% (rimwe muchina) |
| Amai-ku-mwana, ART masvondo maviri vasati vasunungurwa | 0.8% (imwe muna 125) | |
| Amai-ku-mwana, paAART ane simba risingaoneki reropa | 0.1% (imwe muna 1000) |
Kuderedza Dambudziko Rako rega reHIV
Chinangwa chekunzwisisa njodzi yakaoma ndeyekugadzira nzira dzinogona kuderedza iwe pachako pangozi yehutachiwana kana kuti njodzi yekuendesa HIV kune vamwe. Kazhinji, zvinotora zvishoma kuderedza ngozi. Semuenzaniso, kushandiswa kwemakondomu kusinganzwisisiki kusvika pakuderera kwema20 muhutachiwana hweHIV, asi kusarudza kuisa insatitive fallatio pamusoro pekubatisa zvepabonde zvepabonde kunoguma nekuderera kwema 13. Kusiyana naizvozvo, kuvapo kwechirwere chepabonde kana chirwere chepabonde kunowedzera mungozi yeHIV kune imwe nzvimbo kubva pa200 kusvika ku400 muzana.
Zviri pachena kuti chinhu chinonyanya kukosha kuongorora mikana yekutapurirwa kweHIV ndeyomuviri wehutachiwana hwehutachiona .
Nhasi data inoratidza kuti munhu ane hutachiona hweHIV ane hutachiona hwehutachiona husingaoneki ari 96 muzana zvishoma kudarika kuendesa HIV kune munhu ane HIV inoonekwa.
Iro urongwa hunonzi kurapwa sekudzivirira (TasP) inotsigira zvakasimba kushandiswa kwemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya kuderedza kusagadzikana kwevanhu vane HIV. Inowedzerawo chido chekuedza kuedza kuti kuderedze njodzi muhutano hwakasanganiswa ( serodiscordant ) vakaroorana.
Kuziva serostatus yako uye yewawakaroorana newe kunoita kuti iwe uite chisarudzo chakanaka pamusoro pekuzvidzivirira zvakanakisisa iwe-kunyangwe kuve kurega mabasa makuru, kushandisa kondomu, kana kutsvaga pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) senzira yekuderedza Munhu ane HIV haana kukanganisa kutapukirwa.
Sources:
Jin, F .; Jansson, J .; Mutemo, M .; et al. "Kutarisana nehutano hwehutachiona hweHIV mune varume vanoita zvoungochani muSydney munguva yeHART." AIDS . March 27, 2010; 24 (6): 907-913.
Dosekun, O. naFox, J. "Kuongorororwa kwezvipingamupinyi zvakasiyana zvezviito zvakasiyana zvepabonde nezvekutapukirwa kweHIV." Nhasi mafungiro mune HIV neAIDS , July 2010; 5 (4): 291-297.
Boily, M .; Baggaley, R .; Wang, L .; et al. "Kuita hutachiwana hwehutachiona hweHIV-1 pane zvepabonde ac t: Kuongorora nekugadzirisa nekuongorora kwekuongorora zvidzidzo." Lancet Infectious Diseases. February 2009; 9 (2): 118-129.
Baggaley, R .; Boily, M .; Muchena, R .; et al. "Njodzi yeHIV-1 kutapudza parenteral kuvepa uye kuwedzerwa ropa n: kuongorora kwakarongeka uye kuongorora meta." AIDS ; 20 (6): 805-812.
T .; et al. "Kuderedza Dambudziko rekutengesa hutachiona hweHIV: Kuenzanisa Peri-Act Ngozi yeHIV pamusana pokusarudza wekuita naye, zvepabonde, uye yekushandisa kondomu." Zvepabonde Zvirwere Zvirwere ; 29 (1): 38-43.