Kunzwisisa Maitiro COPD Anokurudzira Sei uye Anobata Mapuranga Aunoita Makumbo?
Chirwere chekuvhara maperembudzi (COPD) chirwere chepathophysiology ishoko rinoshandiswa kurondedzera kuchinja kwebasa kunoitika mumapapu semugumisiro wehutachiona hwehutano. Kuti unzwisise zviri nani mapapu asina kukwana anowanikwa muCOPD, dzidza nezvemazuva ano mapapu anoshanda.
Maitiro Azvo Mapapiro Ako Anoshanda
Bhokisi racho rine mapapu maviri: rimwe kurudyi rwebhokisi uye rimwe kuruboshwe.
Papupa rimwe nerimwe rinoumbwa nezvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zvinonzi lobes. Mapapu akanaka ane maziso matatu; kuruboshwe chete maviri. Chiremba chimwe nechimwe chinoparadzaniswa zvikamu nezvikamu. Nzvimbo iri pakati pemapapu ane moyo, midziyo huru, uye inophagus inonzi " mediastinum" . Chidimbu chemashubhu, kana mhepo, inobudisa okisijeni kune chikamu chimwe chepapu.
Sezvaunofema, mhepo inopinda muhutano hwako kuburikidza nemakumbo ako. Icho chinozopfuura nepasopharynx (nzvimbo yehuro pamusana pemhino) uye oropharynx (nzvimbo yemutsipa mushure momuromo). Izvo zvivako zvinoumba mhepo yepamusoro, iyo yakakonzerwa ne ciliated mucosa. Ichi chidziviriro, chine mvere tissue yakange ine mvere mutsvuku-yakafanana nemapurojekiti anobatsira kudziya uye kukurudzira oksijeni inoputika uye kubatsira mukubvisa kune dzimwe nyika mashesi uye mucus yakanyanyisa.
Mhepo inoenderera mberi kuburikidza ne-larynx (izwi-bhokisi) -gadziriro inobatanidza nepamusoro nechezasi-kufamba-famba uye ichidzika pasi nemugwagwa (windpipe), iyo inobatanidza marinari kusvika kubronchi.
I-bronchi ndiyo nzira huru yemhepo inobuda mumapapu ayo anobva apera mumakona madiki maduku anonzi bronchioles. Pamwe chete, bronchi uye bronchioles inoumba muti webronchial. I-bronchioles inoguma mumagetsi e-alveolar, ayo anotungamirira kune zvikwata zvealveolar zvakagadzirwa nemamiriyoni e-alveoli. Irovheori ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa gasi-kuchinjana zvivako mumapapu, uko oxygen inopinda muropa uye carbon dioxide inobviswa.
Zvose izvi zvivako zvinoshanda pamwe chete sekufema kwako.
Chinangwa cheMapungiro
Mipapu inoumbwa nemapapu, elastic fibers inovabvumira kutambanudza uye kuomerera patinofema mukati nekunze, maererano. Chinangwa chemapapu acho maviri: kubudisa okisijeni (O2) kumasero nemaviri emumuviri uye kubvisa carbon dioxide (CO2), tsvina yekufema, kubva muropa. Oxygen, muviri unokosha zvikuru wemuviri, unobatsira muviri wako kuchinja zvokudya zvaunodya mumhepo uye, zvakangofanana nekupedza motokari, CO2 inobviswa mumuviri wako pose paunenge uchibudisa.
Kunzwisisa COPD Pathophysiology
COPD inoratidzirwa nemhepo yekudzivirira kwemhepo iyo isingadzokizve. Kuwedzera, kusingaperi kusvuta fodya ndeye nhamba imwe yechikonzero chechirwere , asi kudzokorora kusvibiswa kweutsi hwechipiri , kusvibiswa kwemweya , uye kushanda kwehupfumi (kubhadhara, makotoni, zviyo) zvinowakosha ngozi .
Kurwara kusingaperi kunobatsira zvikuru muCOPD pathophysiology. Kusvuta uye zvimwe zvinokonzera mhepo kunokonzera neutrophils, T-lymphocytes, uye mamwe masero ekuvhiringidza kuti aunganidze mumhepo. Kana ikashandurwa, inotanga kupindura kwekuvhiringidza umo kubuda kwemamorekrule, inozivikanwa sevhiringidzi vezvokuvhiringidza, kuenda kune imwe nzvimbo kuedza kuparadza uye kubvisa zvakasvibiswa mune dzimwe nyika.
Pasi pemamiriro ehutano, kupindira kwekupindura kunobatsira uye kunotungamirira pakuporesa. Ichokwadi, pasina iyo, muviri hauzombofi wakakuvara. Mune COPD, kudzokorora kuruvara rwemhepo kunopfuurira kupfuurira kunopesana kwekupindura kusingaoneki kuvhara pachako pachako. Nokufamba kwenguva, izvi zvinokonzera hutano uye hukama hwemapapu hunochinja huri kuramba huchiwedzera.
Sezvo kupisa kunopfuurira, mhepo inoenda kumativi ose, inova yakanyanya kuderera uye ichibhururuka. Izvi zvinokonzera kuwandisa kwemakuchi ekugadzira uye kushanda zvakanaka cilia-kusanganiswa kunoita kuti kubvumirwa kwemhepo kunetseke zvikuru.
Apo vanhu vane COPD havagoni kujekesa zvinyorwa zvavo, vanoita zviratidzo zvinoratidza zviratidzo zveCOPD , kusanganisira chigarire chisingagumi chinokonzera , kuputika , uye dyspnea. Pakupedzisira, kuvakwa kwemasukisi kunotarisa mabhakitiriya akawanda anowedzera uye anowedzera munzvimbo inotonhora, inonaya yemhepo uye mapapu. Mhedzisiro yekupedzisira inowedzera kuvhiringidzika, kuumbwa kwe diverticula (pouch-like sacs) mumugwagwa webronchial, uye bhakitiriya yemapupa zvirwere , chinowanzokonzera COPD kukura .
COPD Treatment
Chinangwa chikuru chekurapa kweCOPD , pasinei nokuti ndechepi rudzi rweCOPD, ndechekuvandudza hupenyu hwehupenyu , kunonoka kufambira mberi kwechirwere ichi, kudzora zviratidzo zveCOPD, uye kudzivirira kuwedzera kweCOPD.
Hapana chimwe chinhu chinotakura kuwedzera kukuresa kuenderera mberi kweCOPD kudarika kusvuta kupera . Zvimwe zvirongwa zvekurapa zvinosanganisira mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya (kune avo vane uchapupu hwehutachiona hwehutachiona), inhaled bronchodilators , corticosteroids, aerosol therapy, mishonga inorapwa, oxygen therapy (kune varwere vane hypocy ), mafosho , uye, kune avo vanotambura neComber-end-stage zvinosangana nezvirongwa zvakananga, kupindira kwokuvhiya
Kunobva:
> COPD. National Heart, Lung, uye Blood Institute. https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/copd.