Zvinokonzera COPD Zvinodzivirirwa
Waiziva here kuti kune zvikonzero zvina zvinokonzerwa neCOPD zvinodzivirirwa zvachose? Chirwere chekudzivirira chirwere chepachimona, kana COPD, chinoreva kusarudzwa kwakawanda kwevhiringidzi kunosanganisira chirwere chisingaperi chine bronchitis, emphysema, uye bronchiectasis. Mamiriro asingakanganisiki, anocherechedza zviratidzo zveCOPD dzinosanganisira kunetseka kufema nemhando ipi zvayo yekushingaira uye kuderedzwa kwemhepo inoenda mukati kana kubuda mumapapu.
COPD inonyangadza; iyo inotora nzira inononoka, inofambira mberi iyo inowanzowedzera zviratidzo mukati memakore ekukwegura ari pakati uye inowedzera muhukuru nemakore. Kana imwe nguva ichionekwa se "chirwere chemunhu", kubvira muna 2000, vakadzi vakawanda vakafa kubva kuCOPD gore negore kupfuura varume.
Kunyange zvazvo kune chimiro chakakwana chechirwere chechirwere, COPD inotendwa inonyanya kukonzerwa nekutsvuta fodya. Zvimwe zvinokonzera njodzi zvinokonzera kukura kwayo zvinosanganisira utsi hwechipiri, kusvibiswa kwemweya, uye kushanda kwebasa.
Zvakakosha kuziva kuti kunyange isu tisingakwanisi kuchinja mararamiro emhuri yedu, tine humwe hutongi pamusoro pezvakatipoteredza. Zvinosanganisira pasi apa zvinokonzera zvikonzero zvina zveCOPD zvinogona kudzivirirwa kuburikidza nehupenyu hwekuchinja huchazogadzirisa mikana yekuvandudza chirwere ichi.
Sodya Fodya
Inonyanya kukosha chinokonzerwa nekugadzirisa COPD inodya fodya. IAmerican Lung Association inofungidzira kuti 80% kusvika ku90% yeavo vanoonekwa ndeyekusingaperi kusvuta.
Nhamba iyo munhu anosvuta uyewo kuti yakareba kwenguva yakareba sei kusvuta inogona kuwedzera mikana yekuvandudza chirwere ichi uye kuwedzera kusimba kwayo. Zvinhu zvinotyisa hazvirevi chete kune avo vanosvuta fodya nguva dzose, asi nepombi uye fodya zvinopfungaira zvakare.
Kuti kuderedze mikana yekuongororwa neCOPD, unofanira kusiya kusvuta zvachose.
Mipurogiramu yakawanda inowanikwa nhasi iyo inogona kubatsira vanhu nekuputa kubviswa, pamwe nekurega kusvuta zvinobatsira zvingabatsira kudzivisa zvido. Ona chiremba wako kuti uwane mamwe mashoko.
Secondhand Smoke
Utsi hwechipiri hunoramba huri huwandu hunokonzera kuwedzera kwezvirwere zvakawanda, kusanganisira COPD. Maererano neAmerica Lung Association, utsi hwefodya hunokonzera kuti vanhu vanodarika 50 000 vafa gore roga rega, kunyanya kubva mukenza yemapapu uye chirwere chemwoyo. Chiremba Mukuru anogumisa kuti hakuna mungozi-isina maitiro ekugadziriswa kwechipiri.
Kana ukasvuta, zvakakosha kuti iwe unoziva dambudziko rinosangana neutsi hwechipiri. Zvinonyanya kukuvadza vana. Chinhu chakanakisisa chaunogona kuitira mumwe munhu waunoda ndechokuti usapenya pamberi pavo. Nokutora mutoro wehutano hwako, unogona kubatsira kuchengetedza hupenyu.
Kusvibiswa kwemhepo
Kutsvakurudza kunoenderera mberi kuratidzira hukama hunooneka pakati pehurombo hwehutano hwe Air and COPD. Zvechokwadi, nekuda kwehurombo hwehutano hwemhepo, kune vazhinji vedu, inowanikwa zuva rega rega, hazvina kumbove zvakakosha zvikuru kuziva zviri mukati medu uye kuti tinoita sei chikamu mune basa rekusvibiswa kwemweya.
IAmerican Lung Association yakashandisa tsvakurudzo ichangobva kuitwa mukuedza kuve nechokwadi kuti mitemo iri munzvimbo yekuchengetedza hutano hwevanhu vese munyika yose.
Kunyange zvazvo kuzivikanwa uku kwakaita kuti kuve nekuvandudzwa kwehutungamiri hwevanhu pamusoro pemakore makumi mashanu apfuura, kuwedzerwa kwehuwandu hwemotokari mumakore achangopfuura kwaita kuti kuve kwezvinhu zvinosvibisa zvitsva mumhepo, zvakadai se ozone uye yakanaka-particulate air kusvibiswa. Zvidzidzo zvakasiyana-siyana zvepachirwere zvino zvinoratidza kuwirirana pakati pezvinhu izvi zvinosvibisa mhepo uye kuwedzera kwezvirwere zvekuenda kune dzimwe nyika zvakadai seCOPD. Nezvizvi mupfungwa, kuongororwa kwehuwandu hwehutachiona kune avo vanotarisana nehutachiona hwepanyika kunokosha kune vashandi vehutano uye vepakati vemuzvakatipoteredza zvakafanana. Uyezve, kuenda kwemavara kune chisarudzo kune avo vanoda kuunza hupenyu hwakanaka.
Occupational Exposure
Maererano neCCHEST, (2002) "kusvibiswa kwebasa rekutsvaira kwevhu remugove, guruti yekotoni, guruva uye guruva yezviyo zvinonzi zvikonzero zvekushanda kweCOPD". Uyezve, vanozivisa, "kusvikidzirwa kwe isocyanates, mashizha emabhodhoro ekupedzisira, mhuka dzesango, platinum salt uye mamwe makuru evanhu vanoita basa vakaratidzwa kutanga kana kukurisa chirwere". Sezvo mari yehupfumi yekushanda kwemabasa gore negore inomhanya mumabhiriyoni, kusimbiswa kukuru kunofanira kuiswa pakuisa nzvimbo dzakachengeteka nzvimbo dzebasa kune vashandi. Mitemo yakasimba ndiyo inokosha yebhizimisi kuti igare.
Kuchengetedzwa kwebasa kunotanga nevashandi. Vashandi vanoshanda munzvimbo dzakakwirira dzinofanirwa kupiwa zvinhu zvekudzivirirwa zvakadai semasikisi, magirafu, mapuroni kana kuvhara muviri. Mabhizimisi anokundikana kupa mageti ekudzivirira anofanira kuudzwa. Iro mutoro wevashandi vose kuva wehutano hwavo nekuchengetedza kuchengetedza.
The Bottom Line
IAmerican Lung Association inotaura kuti muna 2011, mamiriyoni 12.7 eMamerica akafungidzirwa kuva neCOPD. Kusvika iye zvino, yakanyanya kudarika kurwisa kuti ive chikonzero chechitatu chinotungamirira rufu munyika ino. Nhamba dzakadai seizvi dzinoita kuti zvive zvakakosha kuziva zvirwere zvinokonzerwa neCOPD uye kutsvaka kurapwa kwekare kana zviratidzo zvichibuda. Nemhaka yekuti vanhu vakawanda havasati vaongororwa kusvikira vasvika makore ekuma50, kunonoka kwehutano kunogona kuitika nokukurumidza panguva ino. Kuziva zvikonzero zvekukuvadza nekukurudzira kuchinja mararamiro ndiyo nzira yakanakisisa yekuchengetedza utano hwakanaka uye kudzivirira chirwere ichi chinoparadza, chinotyisa.
Sources:
American Lung Association. COPD Chokwadi Sheet. Updated 2013.
American Lung Association. Secondhand Smoke Fact Sheet. Updated 2013.
Leigh, Paul J., Ph.D., Romano, Patrick S. MD, MPH, Schenker, Marc B, MD, MPH naKreiss, Kathleen, MD. "Mari inoshandiswa pakuita basa reCOPD neAsthma". CHEST 2002 121: 264-272.
Smeltzer, Suzanne C. & Bare, Brenda, G. (1996). Brunnuer uye Suddarth's Testbook yeMedical-Surgical Nursing (8th Edition). Pennsylvania, PA: Lipponcott-Raven Vaparidzi.