Iwe unogona kunzwa izwi rokuti hypoxia kana chiremba wako achikurukura nezvehutano hwako. Chaizvoizvo hypoxia, chii chinoratidza zviratidzo uye zviratidzo, uye ndezvipi zvinokonzera?
Overview
Hypoxia chaizvoizvo inoreva kuti "oksijeni yakadzika," asi inotsanangurwa sekushaikwa kwehuwandu hweokisijeni inosvika mumakumbo emuviri. Icho chinopesana ne hypoxemia, izvo zvinoreva kuwandisa kwakakwana kwe okisijeni inofamba muropa.
Hypoxia inogona kunge yakakonzerwa ne hypo hypoemia, somuenzaniso, kana huwandu husina kukwana hwe okisijeni husvika pamatumbu nokuti kune huwandu husina kukwana oksijeni muropa, kana hungave huchida nekuda kwezvimwe zvinokonzera.
Kushayikwa kwe okisijeni mumasukisi kunonziwo "oxygen nzara." Kana kusakwana kwe okisijeni kunowanikwa mumatumbu, kunonzi anoxia.
Hypoxia inogona kukanganisa muviri wose (generalized hypoxia), kana nhengo chaiyo kana nzvimbo yomuviri (mhuka ye hypoxia). Iyo inogonawo kuve yakarongeka seyakakomba kana isingagumi, ine chirevo chaicho chekurumidza kukurumidza, uye chisingaperi chisinganzwisisi kuti hypoxia yave ichienderera kwechinguva.
Aina
Sezvakataurwa pamusoro apa, kune marudzi akasiyana e hypo hypoia kana zvikonzero zvekuti hakuna kukwana okisijeni mumatumbu emuviri. Izvi zvinosanganisira:
- Hypoxic hypoxia (hypoxemic hypoxia): Mumhando iyi ye hypoxia, mishonga haina oxygen yakakwana nokuti pane kushayikwa kweokisijeni muropa rinoyerera kusvika kumatumbu. Hypoxic hypoxia inogona kukonzerwa nekufema zvisina kukwana pamwe nezvimwe zvinokonzera.
- Anemic hypoxia: Mukuderera kwehutachiona hwehutachiona hwakadzika, humoglobin yepamusoro inokonzera kukwanisa kuderera kweropa kutakura oksijeni inopemerwa mukati, uye naizvozvo, kugovera kuderera kwe okisijeni kunowanikwa kumatumbu. Anemia inogonawo, inokonzerwa nemamiriro mazhinji.
- Inoramba iripo hypoxia (circulatory hypoxia): Ichi chimiro che hypoxia chinokonzerwa nokusakwana kwekuyerera kweropa, izvo zvinoita kuti oxyjidhini shoma iwanike kumatumbu.
- Histiotoxic hypoxia: Ne histiotoxic hypoxia, yakakwana ye okisijeni inogadziriswa nemapapu uye inounzwa kumatavi, asi mishonga haigone kushandisa oxygen iripo.
- Metabolic hypoxia: Metabolic hypoxia inowanikwa apo pane kudiwa kwakawanda kweokisijeni nematumbu kupfuura zvese. Oxygen inogona kubatwa, kutakurwa, uye kushandiswa zvakanaka nemaviri, asi nekuda kwechiitiko chinomutsa metabolism, hachikwani. Muenzaniso weizvi sepsis (chirwere chakakomba uye chinoparadza.)
Zviratidzo
Zviratidzo nezviratidzo zve hypoxia zvinogona kusiyana pakati pevanhu vakasiyana-siyana, uye nekureba kwei zviratidzo zviripo. Vamwe vavo vanosanganisira:
- Kutsiva kana kupera ( syncope )
- Kusuruvara kwemhepo ( dyspnea )
- Kuvhiringidzika, kutendeseka, uye / kana kushayikwa kwekutonga
- Headache
- Rapid moyo rate (tachycardia)
- Yakafuridzirwa kupemha yepamusoro (tachypnea)
- Euphoria uye pfungwa yekugara zvakanaka
- Kutaura, kutonhora kunonzwa
- Yakawedzerwa ropa (hypertension)
- Kusina kubatana
- Kuchinja kunoonekwa, kwakadai semugonho
- Yakawedzerwa ropa rekuyera masero ( polycythemia ) kune vanhu vane hypoxia asingagumi
- Bluish tinge kumiromo nemagumo ( cyanosis)
Migumisiro
Nhengo dzakawanda dzakakanganiswa ne hypoxia ndezveuropi, mwoyo, uye chiropa.
Kana hypoxia yakaoma, kukanganisa kusingagadziki kunogona kutanga mukati maminitsi mana ekutanga. Coma, kukanganisa, uye rufu zvinogona kuitika mumatambudziko akaoma. Nguva isingaperi, hypoxia yakaoma inogona kukonzera kukanganisa nhengo huru dzemuviri.
Apo hypoxia yakaoma, zviratidzo zvinowanzosanganisira motokari kusagadzikana uye kutadza kutonga. Nemhaka yezviratidzo izvi, munhu ane hypoxia dzimwe nguva anofungidzirwa kuti anodhakwa nedoro.
Chronic hypoxia inowanzova nezviratidzo zvakasiyana, zvakadai sokuneta, kusava nehanya, kunonoka kupindura nguva, kana kuderedza simba rekushanda.
Zvinokonzera
Hazvishamisi kuti zvirwere zvepapupa ndizvo zvinokonzerwa ne hypoxia, asi pane zvimwe zvinokonzera zvakare.
Zvimwe zvinokonzera mhando dzakasiyana dze hypoxia dzinosanganisira:
Zvinokonzera Hypoxic Hypoxia
Kune zvikonzero zvakasiyana-siyana zve hypo hypoia zvichienderana nemagadzirirwo ayo mashoma mashoma emumuviri. Izvi zvinogona kukonzera kutarisa kubva kune zvinetso pamwero wemwoyo kune zvisiri zvekurapa zvakadai sekufamba kune imwe nzvimbo iyo yakakwirira yakakwirira kudarika kumba.
- Kurwara kwemaodzanyemba: FAA inokurudzira oksijeni yekuwedzera yezvikepe zvinopfuura mamita 10 000 uye kupfuura 6 000 patsoka usiku (nokuti mutyairi wenguva yacho inonyanya kunetseka kune oksijeni).
- Mamiriro ezvinhu akaremara : Kusakwana kwemhepo kumapapu nekuda kwezvirwere zvakadai seCOPD , chirwere , kenza yemapapu , pneumonia , chirwere chepachifu chemapapu , uye kupemha kwepemonta .
- Hypoventilation: Hypoventilation zvinongoreva "kusafema zvakakwana." Izvi zvinogona kuva "pakati" kana uropi husingatauri mapapu kufema, zvakadai sepasi pasi peanesthesia, pamusana pekurohwa kana kuputika musoro, semagumisiro emigumisiro yemishonga kurwadziwa, kana sekuita zvinodhaka zvinodhaka. Inogonawo kuva "mhirizhonga" nekuda kwekudzivirira kwendiza kunopesana nokufema, zvakadai sokucheka (apo imwe nyika inobva kunze inowanikwa mumugwagwa kana mumhepo huru mumapapu), kunyura, kuora mwoyo, kana kusungwa kwemwoyo apo mweya unofema .
Zvinokonzera Anemic Hypoxia
- Anemia yemhando ipi zvayo: Izvi zvinogona kusanganisira kushayikwa kwesimbi kushaya anemia , kuparadza anemia , uye chemotherapy-induced anemia .
- Hemorrhage: Hemorrhage inogona kujeka, yakadai sekukuvadzwa kunotsigirwa mune imwe njodzi, kana kuvanzwa nekuda kwekubuda ropa mukati.
- Methemoglobinemia: Methemoglobinemia, inozivikanwawo sehukama hwe hypoticia, inonzi hemoglobin isiri iyo isingasungiri okisijeni zvakanaka kwazvo.
- Carbon monoxide poisoning: NeConbon monoxide chepfu , hemoglobin haigoni kusunga oxygen.
Zvinokonzera Circulatory / Inoramba Iripo Hypoxia
- Edema: Edema , kuvhara kwemashutu (kufanana nemoyo kusakundikana ), kunogona kuderedza kukwanisa kwe okisijeni iripo muropa kuti iwane zvinyuchi.
- Ischemic hypoxia: Kugadziriswa kwekuyerera kweropa rinotakura oksijeni, kufanana nechavharo muuroni (corinary artery), inogona kudzivirira maitiro kuti asawana okisijeni.
Zvinokonzera Histiotoxic Hypoxia
- Cyanide poisoning
Anoedza Chiremba Wenyu May May
Kune mimwe miedzo yakasiyana-siyana chiremba wako anogona kuraira kuti anzwisise zviri nani kuti nei uchiri kuona zviratidzo zvekusiya oksijeni yakadzika (yakadzika yeurojeni mumatumbu ako,) Kunyange kana chinokonzera hypoxia yako ichizivikanwa, laboratori uye zvidzidzo zveradiosi inogona kuva yakashandiswa kusvika pamakonzera makuru ezviratidzo zvako. Mimwe miedzo inogona kuitwa kana iwe una hypoxia inosanganisira:
- Oximetry (ine pulse oximeter) kutarisa uwandu hweokisijeni muropa rako.
- Arterial blood gases kuongororodza mararamiro ako uye kupisa muviri.
- Ropa rekuongorora: Maitiro eRabha anowanikwa mya Anosanganisira ropa rakazara ( CBC ) kuti utsvake anemia (pasi tsvuku yeropa rekuverenga) kana zviratidzo zvehutachiona.
- EKG kutarisa chero zviratidzo zvemoyo zvinokanganisa, kana kusagadzikana kwepfungwa kusina.
- X-ray kana CT yebhokisi rako kutsvaga zvirwere zvemapapu, pneumothorax, kana utachiona.
- Bronchoscopy kutsvaga mutumbi wekunze kana chimwe chikonzero chekudzivirira mumhepo, sezvakaita tumarara.
- CT kana MRI yemusoro wako kutarisa uropi husina kunaka hunogona kudzivisa kufema zvakadai semamota, ropa, kana kurohwa.
- Echocardiogram kuitira kuchengetedza kufamba kwe mwoyo uye kutsvaga kukanganisa kana kusagadzikana mumoyo kana mavheti emwoyo.
Mishonga
Kurapa kwe hypocia kunobva pane chinokonzera chikonzero. Sezvatambotaurwa, kune mhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzemamiriro uye nzira dzinobata maitiro aya, pakati pevanhu vakasiyana. "chimiro chekuguma" kuratidzwa kunowanzosiyana.
Nepo iwe uye chiremba wako vari kushanda pamwechete kuti vaone chikonzero chacho, anogona kukurudzira oxygen therapy kana iwe uchinge usiri kufema kana kuti uine zvimwe zviratidzo zvinoratidza kufungidzira kana kunyanyisa hypoxia. Kana zviratidzo zvako zvakakomba, zvinogadziriswa ventilation nemhepo inogona kudikanwa.
Hyperbaric oksijeni kurapwa dzimwe nguva inoshandiswa kuti ive nehutundu hwakawanda hwe hypoxia. Kuwedzera kwehutomu hwemojeni hupi zvayo pasi pekumanikidzwa dzimwe nguva kunogona kuwedzera kupisa kwemaviri nenzira inenge isingaiti.
> Kwakabva:
> Kasper, Dennis L .., Anthony S. Fauci, naStefano L .. Hauser. Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine. New York: Mc Graw Hill yembudzi, 2015. Print.