Chirwere chekuporesa maperembudzi (COPD) chirwere chinopfuurira, chisingaoneki mumapapu ako anoita kuti zvive zvakaoma kufema. Zviratidzo zvinozivikanwa zvinosanganisira kuora kwekusingaperi, kuputika, kugadzirwa kwephlegm, kufema kwekufema, uye kunzwa kwechisimba mubhokisi rako, kunyange zviratidzo izvi zvisingagoni kuonekwa kusvikira iwe uri mumatanho ekupedzisira echirwere.
COPD haigoni kurapwa, asi chirwere chinodzivirirwa uye chinoporesa uye pakutanga iwe unotanga kurapwa, zviri nani kukura kwako.
COPD inokonzera chikonzero chechitatu chekufa muUnited States, inotangira nehosha yemwoyo chete nekenza. Inonyanya kuitika kune vanhu vanopfuura makore makumi mana nemakore uye inokanganisa vanopfuura mamiriyoni gumi nemaviri eMelika. Zvisinei, mamiriyoni evanhu vakuru vane uchapupu hwokunetseka kwemapapu ekushanda, zvichiratidza kuti kune mikana yakawanda yekusagadziriswa.
Iyo COPD inobata sei Mapungiro
COPD inoratidzirwa nekuderedzwa kwemhepo inobuda-mukati uye kunze kwemapapu-iyo isingadzokwi zvakakwana. Izvi zvinoreva kuderera kwemhepo kunopinda mukati uye kunze kwemapapu ako nekuda kweimwe kana zvimwe zvezvinhu zvinotevera:
- Mhepo tubes uye alveoli (mabhazi emhepo umo kushandiswa kwegasi kuitika) vanorasikirwa nehutano hwavo uye havagone kutambanudza kana uchifema.
- Masvingo anogara pakati pearveoli anoparadzwa.
- Iyo yakagadzirwa nemhepo inotapira yakazara uye inopisa.
- Mhepo inotapira inokonzera huputi huzhinji kupfuura iyo inofanirwa, ichiita kuti ivhare.
Kuyerera kwemhepo kuCOPD kunofambira mberi, zvinoreva kuti inowanzoipa kupfuura nguva. Inobatanidzwa nekusava nekupora kwemaapapu ako kunotyisa, sezvinoita utsi hweutsi, kusvibiswa kwemhepo, kana makemikari ane utsinye.
Mhando dzeCOPD
COPD izwi rinoshandiswa kurondedzera boka rezvirwere zvemapapu zvinosanganisira:
- Emphysema: Chirwere chinokonzerwa nekukuvadza kuAlveoli , iyo duku shoma airways yemapapu uko kushandiswa kwe okisijeni uye carbon dioxide kunoitika, emphysema inonyanya kukonzerwa nokusvuta. Nhamba shoma ye alveoli inowanikwa sezvo idzi dzinoparadzwa nokuputika uye kuputika, uye izvo zvakasara zvinopera simba, zvichirasikirwa nekusimba uye zvinokonzera mhepo. Iwe unogona kufungidzira izvi sebhokisi rakarasikirwa nekusimba kwayo asi mweya unoramba uripo kunyange apo bhoron rinoputsika (sekunyorovesa).
- Chronic bronchitis: Nechirwere chisingagumi , mafambiro enyu anogara achiwirwa, zvichikonzera kuora uye kuwedzera. Izvi zvinowanzokonzera kuwedzera kwekugadzirwa kwemasikiti, iyo inozozadzisa mhepo yepamhepo, uye inoita kuti urege kufema.
- Bronchiectasis: Mu bronchiectasis , mhepo dzenyu dzomumhepo dzinoputika, izvo zvinowanzokonzerwa nehutachiona hwehutachiona hwezvirwere munguva yehuduku hwako. Kuvhiringidza kunogumawo mukugadzirwa kwemanya, kuvhara mafambiro enyu zvakare.
Kazhinji, vanhu vane COPD vane kusanganiswa kwematambudziko aya panguva imwe chete. Zvinogona zvakare kuva nechikamu chechirwere nechirwere ichi, chinhu chinonyanya kukosha pakucherechedza kurapwa.
Zviratidzo
COPD inowanzoita zviratidzo (pasina zviratidzo) kusvikira zvakakanganisika kumapapu zvatoitika. Iyo chirwere chinopfuurira umo vanhu vazhinji vane nguva dzinenge dzisinganyatsogadzikane, kushandura pamwe nekuwedzera kwekuwedzera (kuwedzera) kwechirwere. Zviratidzo zvinowanzogona kusanganisira:
- Kusuruvara kwemhepo (dyspnea), kunyanya mushure mekuedza
- Kuramba, kuchena zuva nezuva
- Sputum production (kukwezva phlegm) iyo inogona kujeka, yakachena, yakatsvuka, kana kuti yakasvibirira muvara
- Wheezing
- Kuneta
- Vanowanzopora mapapu zvirwere
- Chest tightness
- Cyanosis (bluish discoloration yemiromo nemibhedha yepikiri)
Zvimwe zviratidzo nezviratidzo zvinogona kuenderana nematanho akaoma echirwere zvinosanganisira kuora muviri, kurasikirwa nechido ( anorexia ), uye kuneta .
Ankle, tsoka, kana gumbo kurira kunogona kuitika semagumisiro emigumisiro yemigumisiro kana matambudziko emwoyo aripo. Kuzvidya mwoyo uye kuora mwoyo kwakajairika zviratidzo zvepfungwa zveCOPD iyo mamwe maitiro ekurapa angave akadikanwa kuvandudza mararamiro ehupenyu uye kuderedza dambudziko rekuwedzera kweCOPD .
Zvinokonzera
Zvimwe zvinokonzera COPD zvinosanganisira kuratidzwa kusvuta fodya, pasinei nokuti iwe unosvuta iwe pachako kana iwe wakambosangana neutsi hwechipiri, kushandiswa kwebasa kumakemikari, mukati mekunze nekusvibiswa kwekunze kwemhepo, uye, zvisingawanzoitiki, chirwere chinonzi gene -1-antitrypsin (AAT) kukwana . Vanhu vane astmma dzimwe nguva vanowedzera COPD zvakare.
Kuziva
Kuti uwane hutano hwakanaka hwehutachiona hunopedza zvirwere zvepammonia, nhoroondo yakakwana uye kuongorora kwepanyama kunofanira kutorwa kunofanira kutanga nehupi wehutano hwehutano hwako achikubvunza mibvunzo pamusoro pehupenyu hwemhuri yako, uyewo nhau yako yekutsvaga utsi hwefodya nemamwe marudzi ehupenyu uye / kana kushanda basa. Zvimwe kuongorora zvirwere zvinogona kusanganisira:
- Kuongorora ropa (kusanganisira arterial blood gases uye kukwana ropa rose , kunyanya hemoglobin uye hematocrit levels)
- Chifu x-ray (yakashandiswa kutsigira COPD kuongororwa, kwete kupa chirevo chekujekesa)
- Pulmonary work test like spirometry, test lung diffusion, kana body plethysmography
- Pulse oximetry
- Kuchengetedza kweAAT kukwana
Kune zvikamu zvina zveCOPD: zvinyoro, zvine mwero, zvakanyanya, uye zvakaoma zvikuru. Kutsika kunowanzoongororwa muhofisi yechiremba wako nekuedzwa kwe spirometry.
Kurapa
COPD haisi kutongerwa rufu; nekurapa kwakakodzera, inogona kudzorwa. Izvozvo zvakati, pane zvikonzero zvinokonzera COPD kutarisira hupenyu, kunyanya muviri wako mass index (BMI), chiyero chekuvhara mhepo, dyspnea maitiro, uye basa rako kushivirira.
Kurapa kwakanakisisa kweCOPD kana iwe uri kusvuta ndeyekusiya nokukurumidza sezvinobvira. Kunyange zvazvo izvi zvisingagoni kuchinja kukanganisa kwaunako kare, kunogona kubatsira kuderedza kufambira mberi kweCOPD yako. Dzimwe nzira dzokurapa dzinosanganisira:
- Mishonga: Mishonga yakakosha yeCOPD inosanganisira bronchodilators inhaled , inorled corticosteroids , oral steroids, expectorants , phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitors , uye antibiotics . Mishonga inowanzoputsika muzvikamu zviviri: mishonga yekuchengetedza, iyo inoshandiswa zuva rega rega nekuenderera mberi kana kana kwete zviratidzo zviripo, uye mishonga yokununura, iyo inoshandiswa apo zviratidzo zvinowedzera, zvakadai munguva yekuwedzera.
- Oxygen therapy: Kana zviratidzo zvikava zvakanyanya kuwedzera, kuwedzera kweyakisijini inonzi inodhaka inogona kudiwa. Ndinofara kune ikozvino zvisingakwanisi kutakura miviri ye oxygen iyo inobvumira vanhu vazhinji vane COPD kuti vararame hupenyu hunoshingaira.
- Kugadziriswa kwepulmonary: Kungofanana nekudzorerwa kweimwe zvirwere, kugadziriswa kwemapurmita kunogona kuita kusiyana kukuru kune vamwe vanhu vanogara neCOPD.
- Flu shots uye pneumonia vaccine: Izvi zvinobatsira kudzivirira utachiona.
- Kuvhiyiwa kwechiremera: Maitiro matatu ekuvhiya anogona kuonekwa seCOPD yakaoma: Kuvhiyiwa kwevhoriyuta kunogona kushandiswa kubvisa mavara emapapu akaora. Chiremba wako anogona kukurudzira bullectomy , iyo kubviswa kwebhururo yakakura mumapapu ako. MuCOPD yakanyanya kwazvo, kuputika kwemapapu kunogona kukurudzirwa. Chechidiki bedzi muzana yevarwere veCOPD vanofanirwa kupindira chirwere sezvo vanachiremba vanoshandisa nzira yakasimba kwazvo yekusarudza vakagadzirira vakagadzirira. Kupindira kwokuvhiya hakuregi kupona kwako, asi kunovandudza hupenyu hwako.
- Maitiro ekudzivirira magetsi: Aya ndiwo maitiro ekugadzirisa simbi kubva mumhepo yako yepamhepo , kusanganisira kukwezva kurwiswa, chifu chechipiotherapy, nekushandisa expectorants.
Kutsungirira
Kurarama neCOPD kunosanganisira muviri, manzwiro, hutano, uye zvinoshanda zvikamu. Iwe unoda kutarisa kuora mwoyo uye kushungurudzika, kutanga kana kuchengetedza chirongwa chekuita basa, shanda kurega kusvuta, tsvaka rubatsiro, iva nechokwadi chokuti une kudya kunovaka muviri, utaurire nevanhu muhupenyu hwako, uye kuderedza kushushikana kwako.
Caregiving
Kana iwe uchichengeta munhu waunoda naCOPD , unogona kumubatsira kugadzirisa zviratidzo, kurega kusvuta, kurovedza muviri, kuchengeta kudya kwakanaka, kuchengetedza simba, uye kugadzirisa kuguma kwehupenyu hwehupenyu hwakadai sekurwadziwa, kuora mwoyo, nekunyonganiswa .
Kudzivirira
Kunyange zvazvo chirwere chacho chiri kurapwa, chinofanira kusimbiswa kuti kana uine COPD, mhirizhonga haigoneki uye hapana chirwere chinonzi chichiripo. Zvisinei, zvakakosha kutora chero matanho aunokwanisa kuita kudzivirira kukanganisa kubva pakuwedzera.
Kana iwe usati uine COPD asi funga kuti uri pangozi, matanho anotevera anogona kukubatsira kuti urege kuitika:
- Kana ukasvuta, unofanira kuedza kusiya ASAP .
- Kana iwe uchigara nemumwe munhu anosema, iva nechokwadi chokuti haasvuti utendere iwe. Uyezve, hapana munhu anofanirwa kusvuta kana mwana aripo.
- Kana iwe uchishanda zvakakomba chemakemikari, guruva, kana mamwe maitiro ehutano hwemabasa angashungurudza mapapu ako, iva nechokwadi chekufuka michina yekudzivirira inosanganisira maski uye magasi.
- Kana iwe uri pangozi yekuvandudza chirwere ichi sekugadziriswa nachiremba wako, tora gore rimwe nerimwe chirwere.
- Dzidza nzira yekuvandudza hutano hwemhepo mumba mako .
- Tora muedzo we spirometry kuti uwedzere mikana yako yekuona kare.
Shoko Rinobva
Kana uine mungozi yeCOPD kana kuti unofunga kuti ungave nawo, ona chiremba wako nekukurumidza. Pakutanga iwe unotanga kurapwa, zviri nani kukura kwako kungave kuripo. Pane zvinhu zvaunogona kuita kuti utadze zvimwe zviratidzo zvinowedzera zveCOPD zvakare. Iko huru uye yakanakisisa ndeyokurega kusvuta . Kupera kusvuta kunovandudza zvose nguva yekugara uye hupenyu hwevanhu vanogara neCOPD. Chikafu chakafanira uye zuva rega roga rokuratidza muviri ndechimwe chinhu chinokosha kuti urarame zvakanaka. Nokurapa uye kutungamirirwa kwezviratidzo zvako, iwe unogona kurarama hupenyu hwakaisvonaka huripo.
> Sources:
> American Lung Association. COPD Inobatsira Sei Muviri Wako. Yakapedzwa musi waNovember 1, 2016.
> American Lung Association. Chii chinokonzera COPD. Yakapedzwa musi waDecember 23, 2017.
> Global Initiative Yezvokudya Zvisingagumi Zvirwere Zvirwere. Purogiramu Yenyika Yose yeKutsvaga, Kutungamirirwa, uye Kudzivirira Kushaya Kurapa Pulmonary Disease: 2018 Report . Yakabudiswa naNovember 20, 2017.
> National Heart, Lung, uye Blood Institute. COPD. National Institute of Health. US Health and Human Services.