Kushaya AAT, kana kuti Alpha-1-antitrypsin kushayikwa, chibereko chinokonzerwa nekushayikwa kweprotheni inodzivirira, Alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT), inowanzobudiswa nechiropa. Nokuda kwevakawanda vedu isu vane zvakakwana zveAAT, iyi puroteni duku ine basa rinokosha pakuchengetedza chirwere chepapu. Asi kune avo vane kukwana kweAAT, nyaya inotora mamiriro akasiyana.
Mune vanhu vane hutano, mapapu ane neutrophil elastase, enzyme chaiyo iyo-pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu akaenzana - anobatsira mapapu achidya zvakakuvadzwa, masero ekukwegura uye mabhakitiriya. Izvi zvinokurudzira kuporesa kwemapapu emapapu. Zvinosuruvarisa, idzi enzymes hazvizivi kuti dzinomira rini, uye pakupedzisira dzinorwisa mapapu emapapu panzvimbo yekuita kuti dzirape. Ndiyo apo AAT inopinda. Nokuparadza iyo enzyme isati ingakonzera kukanganisa kwehutano hwemapapu emapapu, mapapu anoenderera mberi kuti ashande zvakanaka. Kana pasina zvakakwana zveAAT, mafupa emapapu acharamba achiparadzwa dzimwe nguva zvichiita kuti emphysema iite .
Ndingaita sei Nhaka yeAAT?
Kana mwana aberekwa, anowana nhaka mbiri dzeAAT gene, imwe kubva kumubereki mumwe nomumwe. Mwana wacho achangova neAAT inoshaya kana magetsi ose eAAT akasiyana. Kana imwe chete yeAAT geni isingawanzoiti uye imwe yacho yakajairika, ipapo mwana achava "mutakuri" wechirwere, asi haazombovi nehosha yacho pachayo.
Kana zvose zvikamu zvemajini zvikaitika, ipapo mwana haazogadziriswa nehosha, uyewo haasi iye anotakura.
Kana wakamboonekwa kuti une AAT inoshaya, zvakakosha kuti utaure nachiremba wako pamusoro pekuita kuti vamwe vanhu vari mumhuri yako vaongorore chirwere ichi, kusanganisira umwe neumwe wevana vako.
Kana iwe usina vana, chiremba wako anogona kukurudzira kuti iwe utsvake mazano ekupa mazita asati aita chisarudzo.
Kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo taura neAlfa-1 Foundation Website kana kudana nhare yavo yekutsungirira: 1-800-245-6809.
Statistics
Kushayikwa kweAAT kwave kuri kuonekwa munharaunda yese yevanhu, tsika nemadzinza. IAmerican Lung Association inofungidzira kuti pane inofungidzirwa vanhu 100 000 muUnited States vakaberekwa neAAT kukwana. Pakati pevakawanda vevanhu ava, AAT inosanganisira emphysema inogona kuva yakawanda. Uyezve, sezvo kushaya kwaAAT kunowanzove kusati kwaonekwa kana kuti kusanzwisiswa, zvinodarika zvikamu zvitatu zvemashure ose emphysema zvakabatana nekushaikwa kweAAT hazviwanikwi.
Munyika yose, vanhu vane mamiriyoni 116 vari vatakuri vekushaya kweAAT. Pakati idzi, anenge mamiriyoni 25 anogara muUnited States. Kunyange zvazvo vatakuri vasingatombove nechirwere ivo pachavo, vanogona kudarika chirwere ichi kuvana vavo. Nezvo izvi mupfungwa, World Health Organization (WHO) inokurudzira kuti vanhu vose vane COPD , pamwe chete nevanhu vakuru nevechiri kuyaruka vane astmma , vaongorore kushaiwa kweAAT.
Ngozi yekuwedzera AAT inobata emphysema inonyanya kuwedzera kune vanhu vanosvuta. IAmerican Lung Association inotaura kuti kusvuta hakusi kungowedzera ngozi yako yekudzivirira emphysema kana uine urombo hweAAT, asi hunogona kuderedza mararamiro ako nemakore gumi.
Zviratidzo nezviratidzo zvekushaya kweAAT
Nemhaka yekuti AAT inobatanidza emphysema dzimwe nguva inotora mushure kune dzimwe nzira dzinonzwisisika zviri nyore dzeCOPD, kuedza kwakawanda kwakaitwa pamusoro pemakore kuti uwane nzira dzekusiyanisa. Maererano neChest , maitiro makuru maviri emphysema akaenzana nehutano hwakanyanya hweAAT inofanira kuita kuti kusafungidzirwa kweAAT kunokonzera emphysema.
Chokutanga, zviratidzo zvemphysema muvanhu vasina kukwana AAT kazhinji hazviitike kusvika pazana remakore rechitanhatu kana rechinomwe rehupenyu. Maererano neAmerica Lung Association, izvi hazvisi zvechokwadi kune vanhu vane AAT vane chokuita nekupopsema. Kune vanhu ava, kutanga kwezviratidzo kunowanikwa kare kare, kazhinji pakati pemakore 32 kusvika 41.
Chimwe chinhu chakakosha chinoparadzanisa AAT yakabatana emphysema kubva kune iyo isiri yeAAT inokwana shamwari iyo inzvimbo mumapapu umo chirwere ichi chinowanzoonekwa. Mune avo vane AAT inoshaya-yakagadziriswa emphysema, chirwere ichi chinowanda kune chikamu chepasi chemapapu, asi musingaiti yeAAT yakagadzirisa emphysema, chirwere ichi chinokanganisa kumapapu ekudenga. Zvose izvi zvinogona kubatsira mubatsiri wako wehutano kuti aite zvakajeka.
Zviratidzo zvinowanzoonekwa uye zviratidzo zveAAT inoshaya emphysema ndezvekuti:
- Dyspnea
- Wheezing
- Kurwiswa kwechirwere uye kuwedzera kukonzera michero
- Kudzokorora chifuva kunotonhora
- Jaundice
- Kuzvimba kwemuviri kana makumbo
- Kuperevedza muviri kunoregererwa
- Kwete-inoteerera chirwere chemahara kana gore rose
- Dambudziko risina kutsanangurwa rechiropa kana mazwi enzymes akakwirira
- Bronchiectasis
Kuongororwa uye Kuedzwa
Kuongororwa kweropa nyore kunogona kutaurira chiremba wako kana une AAT yashaya. Nemhaka yekukosha kwekuongororwa kwepakutanga, Yunivhesiti yeSouth Carolina yakagadzira chirongwa, nekubatsirwa kweAlfa-1 Foundation, iyo inobvumira kusununguka, kuvanzika kwakavanzika kune avo vari pangozi yechirwere.
Kunyanya kuongororwa kunokosha nokuti kusvuta kusvuta uye kurapwa kwekutanga kunogona kubatsira kuderedza kufambira mberi kweAAT yakagadzirisa emphysema.
Kuti uwane mamwe mashoko pamusoro pekuedza, tapota taura neAlfa-1 Registry Research muDhivhesiti yeSouth Carolina pa 1-877-886-2383 kana kushanyira Alpha-1 Foundation.
Verenga zvakawanda pamusoro pekuti kuongororwa kweAAT kukwana kwakagadzirwa uye ndiani anofanira kuongororwa.
Kurapa kweAAT Inoshaya
Kune vanhu vanotanga kuratidza zviratidzo zveAAT zvine chokuita nekupikisa, kupora (augmentation) therapy, inogona kunge iri nzira yekurapa inogona kubatsira kudzivirira mapapu kurwisa enzyme inoparadza, neutrophil elastase.
Kushandiswa kwechirwere chinosanganisira kupa chimiro cheAAT chinowanikwa mumaplasma evanhu. Inomutsa huwandu hweAAT muropa remvura. Kana ukangotanga kuchinja mushonga, zvakadaro, unofanira kupiwa mushonga wehupenyu. Izvi ndechokuti kana iwe ukamira, mapapu ako achadzoka kumutambo wavo wakare wekusashanda uye neutrophil elastase ichatanga zvakare kuparadza mapapu ako emapapu.
Haisi kungoita shanduko iyo chete inobatsira kukanganisa kurasikirwa kwemapapu mukati mevanhu vane AAT inokonzera emphysema, asi inogonawo kubatsira kuderedza kuwanda kwezvirwere zvepapupa. Mune chidzidzo chakabudiswa muChest , kurapa kwakashandurwa kwakaratidzwa kuva neukama hwakasimba nehuwandu hwekuderedza muhuwandu uye hutsinye hwezvipembenene zvemapapu zvinobatanidza neAAT inokonzera emphysema. Chidzidzo chacho chakagumisa kuti nepo emphysema ichiramba isingabvumirwi, nguva shomanana, zvirwere zvakakomba zvepapu zvinogona kubatsira kuderedza kufambira mberi kweAAT yakagadziriswa emphysema uye kunotungamirira kumhando yakakwirira yehupenyu.
Kuti uwane mamwe ruzivo pamusoro pekushaiwa kweAAT kana kuti mushonga wokurapa, taura nemutarisiri wako wehutano kana kushanyira Alpha-1 Foundation.
Sources:
American Lung Association. Alpha-1 Yakafanana Emphysema http://www.lungusa.org. November, 2006.
American Thoracic Society. American Thoracic Society / European Respiratory Society Zvinyorwa: Miitiro yeKutsvaga uye Kutungamirirwa Kwevanhu NeAlfa-1 Antitrypsin Kukwana ". ATS: December 2002. ERS: February, 2003.
Alpha-1 Foundation. https://www.alpha1.org/
Lieberman, J. "Kuwedzera Kwakaitwa Utachiona Kunokanganisa Kakawanda Kwemapukanana Akaremara muAntitrypsin Inoshaya: A New Hypothesis Nokutsigira Dheyo". Chest 2000; 118; 1480-1485.
Muroti, J., MD, FCCP. "Clinical Features uye Natural History yeAltimate-1 Antitrypsin Inoshaya". Chest 1997; 111: 123S-128S.