Uri kushamisika pamusoro pehuwandu hwehupenyu hwehupenyu hwechimwe chimiro uye chikwata chemukenza wemapapu here? Tine marudzi akasiyana-siyana ehuwandu anowanika, asi asati atarisa nhamba idzi zvakakosha kutaura pamusoro pezvinhu zvishoma.
Kuponeswa kwemitengo yemukenza yemapapu yakasiyana kune munhu mumwe nomumwe. Pane zvinhu zvakawanda zvinogona kuwedzera kana kuderedza nhamba idzi.
Asi, zviyero zvekupona zvinodawo kunzwisiswa. Zvakakosha kunzwisisa uko nhamba idzi dzinobva kupi, uye nei vachigona kutsausa kana kunyanya kusina kururama, vasati vatarisa nhamba dzenyu.
Mutengo Wokupona Chii?
Kurapa kwekenza yemapapu kune chiyero chevanhu vangani vanoramba vari vapenyu nekenza yemapapu mushure mekunge imwe nguva yenguva. Semuenzaniso, makore mashanu ekupukunyuka kwemazana makumi mana zvemamiriro ezvinhu zvinoreva kuti 40 kubva muzana yevanhu, kana makumi mana kubva kune vanhu 100, vaizova vapenyu mushure memakore mashanu.
Apo achitaura nezvekenza yemapapu, vanachiremba vanowanzoshandisa izwi rokuti kuponesa kwemukati zvakare. Kupona kweMedhia ndiyo nguva iyo 50 muzana yevanhu vane chirwere ichi vafa, uye 50 muzana vachiri vapenyu.
Kurapa kwekenza yemapapiro ndiyo nhamba uye hazvirevi kuti inopa kuongororwa kwakarurama kwokuti munhu achapona kwenguva yakareba sei nechirwere. Pane zvinhu zvakawanda zvinokanganisa mararamiro emukenza yemapapu , kusanganisira hutano huzhinji, zvepabonde, rudzi, uye marapirwo akashandiswa.
Uyezve, kusvuta kusvuta kunoratidzirwa kuvandudza kupona kune varwere vane chirwere chekare chemapapu chekare uye mune vamwe varwere vane kenza duku yekenza yemapapu.
Kururamisira kweVatori
Haasi munhu wose anorarama nemukenza wemapapu anofarira kunzwa kwenhamba pamusoro pehupenyu hwehutano. Vamwe vanhu vanoda kuziva zvavanogona kutarisira (inotsanangurwa iyo) nehutano hwavo hwemapapu emapapu, asi vamwe vanowana nhamba pamusoro pemararamiro ekupona kuora mwoyo.
Zvakakosha kune vadiwa kuti vave nehanya neizvi nekukudza zvishuwo zvemudiwa wavo nekenza. Izvozvo zvakati, kunyange kana iwe usingafariri nhamba, pane zvinhu zvaunogona kuita kuti urere matambudziko ako . Izvi ndizvo zvimwe kunze kwekuvhiyiwa, chemotherapy, uye remishonga inonzi radiation iyo yakawanikwa ichiwedzera kukurarama mukuongorora kwakanyatsotsvakurudzwa, uye vazhinji vavo vari nyore, zvakadai sekuwana rubatsiro rwakasimba.
Kuisa Numeri Mukufungidzira
Tinoshuva kuti tinogona kutora munhu wese anoverenga izvi parwendo kuti aone kuti mishonga yemapapu emapapu uye kuponesa kwehuwandu huri nani. Icho hachisi tariro yechema. Ichokwadi kuti kwemakore anoda kusvika makumi mana emasero ekupona kwekenza yemapapu-zvishoma nezvirwere zvakanyanya-zvakaputirwa zvishomanana.
Asi mugore rekupedzisira kubva muna 2016, kuponeswa kwechikamu chechina chirwere chakawedzera kaviri. Haisi mutsva uye zvinodhaka zvinodhaka asi pane zvitsva uye zviri nani mishonga yemishonga yatinofanira kurwisa chirwere. Tarisa huwandu kana iwe uchihuwana uchibatsira, asi usakanganwa kuti kune tariro.
Zviitiko Zvinobatsira Kuponesa Mahara
Pane zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvinogona kukanganisa kuponeswa kwemuti wemukenza wemapapu. Zvimwe zvezvinhu izvi zvinosanganisira:
- Zera - Kupona kwekenza yemapfupa zviri nani pane zviduku kudarika makore akwegura. Izvozvo zvakati, zvakakosha kuziva kuti vechidiki vane chirwere chemapapu vanowanzoongororwa pane imwe nzvimbo yakakwirira yechirwere (sevanhu vazhinji, kusanganisira avo vanopa utano, havafungi kanzera yemapapu muvechiduku.)
- Zvepabonde - Vakadzi vanowanzova nehutano hwakanaka nekenza yemapapu pane imwe nzvimbo yechirwere ichi.
- Mhangemutange - Kupona kwemazinga kunoratidzika kunge kwakaderera kune vaAfrica vokuAmerica kupfuura ivo veCaucasian kanaAsia vanhu.
- Zvimwe zvirwere zvehutano - Vanhu vane zvimwe zvirwere zvakakomba zvakadai sechirwere chepfungwa kana chirwere chemapapu hazviwanzoiti pamwe chete nevaya vane utano.
- Maitiro aunoita pakurapwa - Vamwe vanhu vanokwanisa kubvumira kurapwa nyore pane vamwe.
- Matambudziko emukenza wemapapu - Pane dzakawanda zvinokonzerwa nemukenza wemapapu , zvimwe zvacho zvinogona kuderedza kuponeswa kwemuviri.
- Kusvuta - Kupfuurira kusvuta mushure mekuongororwa kwekenza yemapapu kunoderedza kupona kwehupenyu uye kunogona kuwedzera njodzi yezvinetso kubva pakuvhiyiwa, chemotherapy, remapiritsiro emishonga, uye mazano ekurapa.
Mukurwisana kweHurushu hweHotari neTsika
- Kamudiki Kemukirini Yemukondombera - Zvose zvinokwana makore mashanu ekupona kwekenza yemukomana mutsvuku (zvishoma nezvishoma) inenge inenge 6 muzana chete.
- Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer - Zvose zvinokwana makore mashanu ekupona kwechirwere chemawere chemapapu asiri maduku (mapoka ose akabatanidzwa) inenge 18 muzana.
- BAC (Bronchioloalveolar Carcinoma) - BAC inenge iri nguva yakwegura uye iko zvino inonzi inhengo yepapu adenocarcinoma. Kuparara kweBAC kunonyanya kuve nani pane mamwe maitiro evanhu vasati vashoma kanzera yemapapu emapapu, kunyanya apo inobatwa kare uye kamwe chete tsvina iripo. Mune kumwe kuongorora, avo vakaonekwa kuti vane BAC uye vane zvirwere zvisingasviki mamita masendimita muhupamhi, vaiva nemakore mashanu ekupukunyuka kwemazana zana kubva muzana nekuvhiyiwa. Makore mashanu ekupona kwehupenyu hwevanhu vane zvikamu zvepamusoro zvechirwere zvakasiyana zvikuru.
Kuponeswa Mahara neGanho
Sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, kuponeswa kwenhamba hakuratidzi kusiyana kwevanhu. Mukuwedzera, cherechedza mupfungwa kuti havasi vanhu vose vane chimwe chimiro chemukenza wemapapu vane kufanana kwakafanana. Kenza yemapapu inopinza inogona kubatsira kutungamirira kurapwa, asi kune huwandu hwakawanda hwekenza mukati mega rega.
- Chikamu 1 Chero Isina-Small - Zvose zvinopera makore mashanu ekupona kwechikwata 1AKenza yemapapu ine 49 muzana uye 1B ndeye 45 muzana.
- Chikamu Chechipiri Chechidiki Chese-Ndechidiki - Kuwedzera kwehutachiwana nechikwata chechipiri chemukenza wemapapu chikamu makumi matatu uye chechikamu chechipiri chemupenza wemapapu, 30 muzana.
- Nhanho 3A Masiko Asina Mashoma - Kuwanda kwepamuviri 3A kenza yemapapu ine 14 kubva muzana, asi izvi zvinowanzosiyana pakati pekenza dzakasiyana-siyana dzinotsanangurwa segadziriro 3A.
- Nhanho 3B Hasi-Muchechi Mashoma - Makore mashanu ekupukunyuka nechikwata 3B Kanzera yemapapu inongova 5 muzana chete. Nenguva yekupona kwemazuva mashoma nekurapwa kwemwedzi 13.
- Chikamu chechina (Metastatic) Isina-Small Cell - Zvose zvinopera makore mashanu ekupukunyuka uye chirwere chepaneti yemapapu 4 zvinosuruvarisa chete 1 muzana kusvika 2 muzana. Nguva yekupona kwemazuva mashoma ndeye mwedzi mitatu.
- Muchechi Mashoma Anokonzera Kenza - Zvose zvinokwana makore mashanu ekupukunyuka kwezvikamu zviviri zvekenza kadiki yemapapu emapapu (chirwere chisina chimiro uye nzvimbo yakadzika) inenge inenge 6 muzana chete. Pasina kurapwa, chiyero chekurarama kwehupenyu hwehutachiwana hwakareba mwedzi 2 kusvika ku4, uye nekurapwa kwemwedzi 6 kusvika ku12.
Shoko Rinobva
Hazvikwanise kusimbiswa zvakakwana kuti kuponeswa kwemazana ari nhamba-kwete vanhu-uye nhamba chete inofanotaura kuti munhu angave akaita sei nekenza yemapapu munguva yakapfuura. Nezvipatara zvitsva, nhamba idzi dziri kuchinja. Pasinei nekutya kunotyisa kwechirwere chechina chirwere, ndinoziva vanhu vanoverengeka ivo pachavo vanogara kwenguva refu vapenyu vomuti wemukenza wemapapu.
Vamwe vevakapukunyuka kwenguva refu, zvisinei, vanongova vapenyu nokuti vakatsvakurudza uye vakadzidza zvose zvavanogona pamusoro pekenza yavo (kana shamwari neshamwari vakavabatsira) uye vakazvikurudzira ivo pachavo kuti vakwanise kurapwa kenza . Hapana apo oncologist ari mupenyu uyo anoziva zvikamu zvose zvekenza yese kana chirwere chekliniki yose iripo. Zvimwe zvezviongorori zvemakiriniki hazvisi kungofambira mberi tsvakurudzo asi vari kubatsira vanhu kuramba vari vapenyu nemukenza wemapapu. Kune tariro yakawanda.
> Sources:
> America Cancer Society. Cancer Chokwadi uye Zvikamu 2017. https://www.cancer.org/research/cancer-facts-statistics/all-cancer-facts-figures/cancer-facts-figures-2017.html.
> National Cancer Institute. Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Treatment (PDQ) - Health Professional Version. https://www.cancer.gov/types/lung/hp/non-small-cell-lung-treatment-pdq#section/all.
> Parsons, A. et al. Kufurirwa kwekusvuta Kuchema Mushure mekuongororwa kwepakutanga-Stage Lung Cancer pamusoro pezvirwere: Ongororo yakarongeka yeCherechedzo yeChechi yekuongorora Meta-Analysis. British Medical Journal BMJ2010: 340: b5569. Yakabudiswa paIndaneti 21 January 2010.