Vatsvakurudzi vanozvitsaura zvinyorwa zvinomera "zviri nani kupfuura AZT"
Kubva pamazuva ekutanga ehutachiwana hweHIV, masayendisiti akacherechedza kushandiswa kwemashizha ekusimbisa kutapukirwa kweHIV . Zvizhinji zvezvidzidzo zvepakutanga zvakaratidza nezvemishonga yemishonga yemimwe miti, kunyanya kukwanisa kwavo kuuraya HIV kana ichigara yakachengeteka (kana kuti zvishoma yakachengeteka) kwevanhu.
Mazuva ano, zvizhinji zvebazi iri resayenzi rave rakakomberedza kushandiswa kwezvimwe zvikamu zvezvirimwa kuti zvipindire nekodzero dzeHIV dzekuzvinyora, zvakanyanya nenzira imwechete iyo madhiyabhakitiriya anoshanda.
Zvimwe zvezvikwata izvi zvakashandiswa kumarudzi ose emadzitateguru evanhu kuti zvirape zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana uye zvirwere.
Kunyange zvazvo vazhinji vezviongorori izvi vaine kubudirira zvishomanana, boka revanotsvakurudza kubva kuYunivhesiti yeItaly kuChicago rakati vawana muti, unonzi Justicia gendarussa, unokwanisa kudzivirira HIV, mumashoko avo, "zvakanyanya kubudirira kupfuura AZT . " Ndiyo chirevo chakasimba chakapiwa kuti mushonga weAIDS (unozivikanwawo seRetrovir uye zidovudine) wakanga uine dombo rekona reHIV.
Asi izvi zvinodaro zvinotsigira, uye, zvinonyanya kukosha, zvinoshandura kune imwe nzira "yechisikirwo" yehutano hweHIV here?
A Short History of Plant Extracts Mukutanga Pakutsvakurudza kweHIV
Apo HIV yakatanga kuwanika , vanhu vane utachiwana vane hutano hushoma hwekurapa. Zvechokwadi, yakanga isiri kusvika munaMarch 1987-makore azere mashanu mushure mokunge maitiro ekutanga eAIDS akaonekwa-kuti AZT yakagamuchirwa kuti ishandiswe mukurapa HIV.
Zvinosuruvarisa, sekutanga uye chirwere chete, hachina kushanda zvose izvo zvakanaka, uye vanhu vaifanira kumirira mamwe makore masere nokuti mushure mechipiri chemishonga, lamivudine (3TC), ichabvumidzwa muna 1995.
Mukati pewindo remakore gumi nematanhatu, vanhu vazhinji uye makambani asina kutenga musarudzo akaendeswa kumishonga ezvakagadzirwa kuti vatsigire chirongwa cheAIDS kana kuti kurapa HIV pachavo pasina kutya kwehuipi.
Mimwe yemiti yekutanga-yakadzidza yakadzidza yakatarira pamishonga iyi, vachitarisira kuti inogona "kusimbisa" zvirwere zvemunhu, kudzivirira zvirwere zvinotadza, kana kuuraya HIV zvachose.
Izvi zvaisanganisira zvidzidzo zvinosanganisira mahara , izvo zvinonzi chirwere chekenza chinotorwa nemapikiko epricot, uye mavhinga eAsia anonyanya kuoma ( Momordica charantia ), iyo mamwe masayendisiti akanga ataura kuti anogona kudzorera zvirwere zvekuzvidzivirira paairwisana neHIV-inobatanidza kuporesa zvirwere.
Kunyange zvazvo tarisiro dzakawanda dzainge dzakabatanidzwa pane izvi uye nezvimwe zvirwere zvepanyama, hapana akaratidza chero chaicho chaibatsira uye aive "achisvetedza murima" zvichikonzerwa nekuwedzera kwevanhu kushushikana kuti vawane kurapwa, chero kurapwa, kunogona kushanda.
Kubva kuVhidhiyo Mishonga kuenda kuKliniki Research
Pakazosvika 1996, kunyange semishonga inoshandisika yakave yakasunungurwa uye kushandiswa kwemishonga yakatanga kushandura mafambiro eAIDS kufa, kwakasara vazhinji vari munharaunda yekutsvakurudza vakazvitsvaga kuwana nzira dzekuzvarwa kune dzimwe nguva zvinodhaka zvikuru zvinodhaka (zvakadai se stavudine uye didanosine) yakashandiswa muhutano hweHIV.
Zvakawanda zveizvi zvinotarisa kune zvakasiyana-siyana zvirimwa nemishonga inoshandiswa mumitambo yevanhu, kuongorora nekudzivirirwa kwavo uye kubudirira mune imwe nzira yakarongeka yekutsvakurudza.
Kazhinji, zvigumisiro zvakapera.
Chimwe chekuongorora mishonga yemitauro yeChinese yakagumisa kuti hapana yemishonga yakakurumbira inoshandiswa mukurapa utachiona hweHIV (yakadai sejingyuankang uye xiaomi) yakave nemigumisiro pamunhu weCD4 kana kuwandisa kwehutachiwana (kunyange vamwe vakapa ruzamuro rwezvirwere zviduku zvakadai semuromo uye kusvibiswa kwezuva).
Ongororo dzakafanana dzakaongorora kushandiswa kweAfrica mbatata ( Hypoxis hemerocallidea ) nechigadzirwa chemishonga chinonzi Sutherlandia frutescens, zvose zvacho zvakagamuchirwa nehurumende yeSouth Africa kuti iite HIV. Hazvirevi chete kuti mishonga isingashandisi, dzakaratidzwa kuti dzinopesana nedzimwe mishonga inoshandiswa kurapa zvirwere zvinokonzerwa neHIV zvakadai sechirwere chetachiona.
Kunyange zvazvo zvingava nyore kurambidza idzi mishonga se "mishonga yevanhu" (kana kunyange kupesana nesayenzi), zvipingamupinyi mukutsvakurudza zvakasimwa, zvimwe zvinopesana, hazvina kunyanya kukosha kudarika avo vanoonekwa muhutano hwekudzivirira hutachiwana hweHIV umo mabhiriyoni akashandiswa hapana munhu anokwanisa kusangana naye .
Kudzokorora-Kufunga nezvekurapa
Munda wekutsvaga hutachiwana hutachiona hweHIV hwakashandurwa zvikuru nekuwana mazita ekugadzirwa kweiyo genetic izvo zvisati zvambove makore makumi maviri akapfuura. Nhasi, tine ruzivo rwakawedzerwa zvikuru rwemichina yeHIV-iyo inodzokorora, iyo inokonzera-uye inogona kujekesa zviri nani zvatinoda kuti tidzivise kuti tipe utachiona husina maturo.
Izvo zvakafanana muenzaniso wakashandiswa ne antiretroviral therapy umo mushonga unovhiringidza imwe enzyme inofanirwa kupedzisa kudzokorora kwe HIV . Pasina kodzero yekuita izvi, HIV haigone kupararira nekupindira mamwe masero. Nokushandisa kusanganiswa kwezvinodhaka- uye nekwanisi yekuvhara enzyme yakasiyana-isu tinokwanisa kudzivisa hutachiona kune izvo zvinonzi zvisingaoneki mazinga.
Mumakore achangobva kupfuura, zvikamu zvitsva zvezvirimwa zvakakwanisa kudzokorora izvi, zvichida mumuchina unoedza. Zvimwe zvacho zvinosanganisira Cistus incanus (pink rock rose) uye Pelargonium sidoides (South Africa geranium), iyo yose inoratidzika kudzivirira hutachiona kuti irege kuswedera kune imwe sero.
Sezvo zvisinganzwisisiki sezvo zvose izvi zvingaita-kushandisa geranium kuporesa HIV-ndiyo muenzaniso iyo, chaizvoizvo, inotova nehuchapupu-hwe-pfungwa mune marariya chirwere.
Miti-Inotarwa neMalaria Kuputsika Kunopa Chiratidzo-pamusoro-Chirevo cheHIV
Zvizhinji zvekufungidzirwa kwekutsvaga kutsvaga kwezvirimwa kunokonzera kuparara kwemalaria kwakagadziriswa muwaniki wayo, musayendisiti wechiChinese Tu YouYou, Nobel Prize in Medicine muna 2015.
Kuwanikwa kwakabva kune tsvakurudzo yemiti inonzi Artemesia annua (sweet wormwood) iyo yakashandiswa mumishonga yeChina kubvira muzana remakore rechi11. Mukutanga kwema1970, Tu YouYou nevamwe vake vakatanga kutarisisa migumisiro yemiti (inozivikanwa netsika se qinghao) mumarariya-anokonzera maharasi.
Mukufamba kwemakore akatevera, masayendisiti akakwanisa kunonotsa zvishoma nezvishoma kudhindwa kune imwe kambani inonzi artemisinin iyo nhasi ndiyo inoshandiswa kurapwa kwesarudzo kana yakashandiswa muhutano hwakabatana. Artemisinin haina kungoratidzwa chete kuti iparadze 96 kubva muzana yemishonga inopesana nemishonga yemarariya , yakarumbidzwa nekuponesa mamiriyoni ehupenyu avo vangangodaro vakarasikirwa nechirwere ichi.
Kurapa Kwemishonga Kunoratidza "Zviri nani Kupfuura AZT"
Kutasva nechivimbiso chekufananidzira kwakadaro kweArtisemisinin, boka revasayendisiti kubva kuYunivhesiti yeItaly kuChicago, Hong Kong Baptist University, uye Vietnam Academy yeScience neTechnology yakatanga kushanda pamwe nekushanda kuongorora zvinyorwa zvinopfuura 4 500, kuongorora kunopesana neHIV, TB, malaria, uye kenza.
Pakati pevanyori ava, tsvina yakabva kuna Justicia gendarussa (willow-leaf justicia) yainzi inonyanya kuvimbiswa. Kunatswa kwechikamu chacho kwakatungamirira kumusarura kemukari inozivikanwa sepa patentiflorin A iyo, mu test test tubes, yakakwanisa kudzivisa enzyme imwechete (reverse transcriptase) seAAA.
Muzvokwadi, maererano nekutsvakurudza, yakakwanisa kuvandudza maitiro eAA nenzira dzakawanda:
- Patentiflorin A inoratidzika kubudirira mukudzivirira kudzokorora mumishonga inopesana neHIV. AZT, nekuenzanisa, ine nharo yakadzikama yekudzivisa, zvinoreva kuti kunyange zvimwe zvekuchinja kweHIV zvinowanzoita kuti mishonga isabatsire. Sezvo zvakadaro, patentiflorin A yaizoita seine unhu hwakanaka hwekudzivirira
- Patentiflorin A akakwanisa kuita zvakafanana mune macrophages , masero machena eropa ari kushanda semuviri wekutanga kutetezera. Izvi zvinokosha nekuti macrophage ndiwo masero anoteya uye anotakura mabhakitiriya uye mavairasi kumakirinikodhi ekutambisa. Ne HIV, izvi hazviitiki. Pane kudaro, hutachiona "hunoshandura matafura" uye inokonzera masero (anonzi T cells lymphocytes ) aireva kubatsira mukuparadzwa kwavo. Inoratidzirwa kuti nekudzivisa hutachiona muhutachiona hwepakutanga-uye mune macrophages--kugona kuvhara utachiona zvachose.
Izvi ndizvo zvazviri kuverenga mumutambo wekuedza.
Zvipingamupinyi zvinokosha zvekukunda
Nepo pane pasina mubvunzo kuti patentiflorin A inokosha, uye kunyange iyo yakavimbisa, mukana wokutsvaga kutsvakurudza, hazvishamisi kuti migumisiro inobva ku test tube yekudzidza inoratidzira iyo iri mumatambudziko evanhu. Uyezve, nepo kukakavara kwekuti patentiflorin A "iri nani kupfuura AZT" inogona kuva yakarurama, inogona kunge isingakoshi sezvinoitwa nevatsvakurudzi (kana vamwe mune zvemashoko) vari kuratidza.
Zvose zviri nyore, AZT imhuka yekare. Ndiyo yekutanga yemishonga masere mukirasi yayo uye imwe yakave yakanyanya kubhadharwa nemadzinza matsva madzimai se tenofovir uye abacavir. Sezvo zvakadaro, kushandisa AZT semuenzaniso wekutanga wekuenzanisira pane kufanana nekufananidza nekare VW Beetle kuVW Beetle itsva. Vose vari vaviri vanoshanda, asi iwe haugoni kuenzanisa zvikepe nemhando yekare yekare.
Uye icho chikamu chechikonzero. Pakupedzisira, chinangwa chemhando ipi neipi yekurapa inenge ichidiwa kuti iwane yakaenzana yehutano hwechikamu chemushonga wayo wemishonga kana kuti zvishoma nezvishoma kuwedzerwa kwayo. Kuti uite izvi, muchengeti anogadziriswa semichero akadai se patentiflorin A aifanira kukunda zvimwe zvipingamupinyi zvinokosha:
- Icho chaifanira kuva nehana yekurapa muropa. Mushure mezvose, chinhu chimwe chete kuzarura masero kune imwe makundi mune tube yekuedza; ndechimwe chokugadzira chikafu ichi uye kuva nemhando yakakwana inopararira muropa. Sezvo zvinyorwa zvitsva zvinowanzodzingwa kubva mumuviri nokukurumidza, masayendisiti aizotanga kuumba kugadzirisa kwakakwanisa kugona kubudirira kwekurapa pavanenge vachidzivisa chepfu.
- Icho chaizoda kukwanisa kudarika membrane yematumbo. Yakawanda yemiti yakasanganiswa yakasvibiswa nemvura uye ine dambudziko rakawanda royambuka makumbo emakumbo ematumbo. Kuderedza kudhonza kunoshandura kuderedza bioavailability (iyo muzana wezvinodhaka zvinopinda muropa).
- Icho chaizoda kuchengetedzwa pamagariro anogara muropa. Zvirwere zveHIV hazvisi kufanana nemafungiro evanhu, izvo zvinotarisira kuuraya chirwere chepachivi uye chiitwe nacho. Nekodzero yeHIV, imwe hutano hwemishonga inofanira kuchengetedzwa nguva dzose kuchengetedza hutachiona zvachose kubviswa. Sezvo michero yakadzingwa yakadzingwa nokukurumidza, inowanzoita kuchinja kune izvo zvingave zvisina kukodzera kweHIV. Artemisinin, somuenzaniso, ane chirwere chehafu yehupenyu kwemaawa maviri kusvika mana chete achienzaniswa ne tenofovir ine hafu yehupenyu hwemaawa 17 uye hafu yeupenyu husati rapera kusvika maawa makumi mashanu.
Kunyange zvazvo pane zviverengero zvezvigadzirwa vatsvakurudzi vangashandisa kukunda matambudziko ekudzivirira (kufanana ne lipid-based based delivery systems), kunze kwekuti vakwanise kukurira matambudziko e-bioavailability anoonekwa mumiti yemiti yakagadzirwa se artemisinin, hazvisi zvishoma kuti vachave chinhu chinopfuura chirongwa chinotsigira.
Shoko Rinobva
Chii chinoita kuti sitiro-based approach inokwezva kwatiri, zvishoma nezvishoma kubva pakufunga kwemaonero, ndeyekuti zvinhu hazvisi zvisikwa chete asi zvakashandiswa zvakachengeteka kwezvizvarwa. Asi inofungidzirawo kuti miti yakarongwa nemishonga "yakachengeteka" uye mishonga yeHIV yakawanda "yakanyanya kutyisa," uye hazvisizvo zvakadaro.
Mishonga yeHIV yatakashandisa mazuva ano haisi kunze kwemigumisiro yavo, asi yakanyatsogadziridzwa kune yekare. Hazvisi nyore chete, zvinoda sepiritsi imwechete pazuva uye hazviwanzogadziriswi nemishonga.
Saka, nepo kuedza kwose kunofanirwa kushandiswa kufambisa tsvakurudzo yakakosha yeHIV, kune zvakawanda zvakakunda kukunda tisati tava nehanya nemaonero ezvichaitika mune ramangwana.
> Sources:
> Helfer, M .; Koppensteiner, H .; Schneider, M ;; et al. "Mucherechedzo weMushonga weMishonga Plant Pelargonium sidoides Ndiyo Inogona Kuita HIV-1 Attachment Inhibitor." PLoS One. January 14, 2014; 9 (1): e87487.
> Zhang, H ;; Rumschlag-Booms, E ;; Guan, Y ;; et al. "Potent Inhibitor yeDrug-Resistant HIV-1 Mitsetse Yakanatswa kubva kuMushonga Plant Justicia gendarussa." Zvinyorwa zveMutambo Wemiti . 2017; DOI: 10.1021 / acs.jnatprod.7b00004.
> Rebensburg, S ;; Helfer, M ;; Schneider, M ;; et al. "Simba reku vitro rinorwisa maitiro reCistus risingabatanidzwi neHIV neFiloviruses zvinokonzerwa nemavhutuki emapuropine." Scientific Reports. February 2, 2016; 6: e20394.
> Wen, Z .; Liu, Y ;; Wang, J ;; et al. "Mishonga yeChinese yeChina yekurapa zvirwere zveHIV neAIDS." Uchapupu-Hwakagadziridzwa Mamwe Mamwe Mishonga. 2012; 2012: chinyorwa 950757.
> Wilson, D .; Coggin, K .; Williams, K .; et al. "Kushandiswa kweSutherlandia frutescens neHIV -Seropositive South African Adults : AnAdaptive Double-Blind Randomized Placebo Inotongwa Muedzo." PLoS One. July 17, 2015; 10 (7): e0128522.