Iyo hafu-hupenyu yemishonga yakasiyana yakasiyana-siyana.
Hapana chirwere chinoramba chiri muhutori hwako nokusingaperi. Mune pharmacology, nguva inotora kuti mishonga inoderedzwa nehafu yeplasma (ropa) yekutungidzirwa inonzi hafu yeupenyu (t 1/2 ). (Kutaura kuti tiri kutaura pamusoro pehupenyu hwehafu yehupenyu ndicho chinhu chinokosha nokuti hafu yehupenyu ichinhu chisina kujeka kumishonga.Semuenzaniso, mufizikiki yenyukireya, hafu yeupenyu inoreva kuora kwemhepo.)
Kunyanya kazhinji, chidzidzo chehafu yeupenyu chinoratidza chiyero che pharmacokinetics. Pharmacokinetics inoreva kuongorora kwokuti mushonga unofamba sei mumuviri-kupinda, kuparadzirwa uye kuparadzwa. Vose vezvinamoriki uye vanachiremba vane hanya nehafu yehupenyu semetric. Kunyange zvakadaro, sevatengi vanoziva, chinhu chakanaka kuti munhu wese azive zvishoma nezvehafu yehupenyu.
Half-Life Formula
Heino chirevo chehafu yeupenyu:
t 1/2 = [(0.693) (Bhuku rekuparadzira)] / Kusarura
Sezvinoratidzwa nechirevo, hafu yehupenyu huri hupenyu hunotsamira zvakananga nehuwandu hwehuwandu hwekuparadzirwa kana kuti yakawanda sei mushonga unopararira mumuviri wose. Mune mamwe mazwi, kunyanya kupararira kwemishonga inopararira mumuviri wako, iyo yakareba iyo hafu-hupenyu. Uyezve, iyi mishonga yehafu yehupenyu inopesana nezvinobviswa kubva mumuviri wako. Izvi zvinoreva kuti kana chiyero chechibvumirano chemishonga kubva mumuviri wako chakakwirira, ipapo hafu yeupenyu inopfupika.
Nyaya, zvinodhaka zvinoshandiswa neiyo dzose maitsvo uye chiropa.
Mienzaniso yeHhafu-Upenyu
Heano mamwe mishonga inowanzosangana nehafu yavo-yeupenyu:
- Oxycodone (mishonga inorwadza): 2 kusvika kuawa 3
- Zoloft (antidipressant): 26 maawa
- Phenobarbital (mishonga inorwisa mishonga): maawa makumi mashanu kusvika pa11
- Celebrex (NSAID kana mishonga inorwadza): 11.2 maawa
Kinetics
Sezvo chirevo chinogutsa che pharmacokinetics, hafu yehupenyu inoshandisa zvinodhaka nekutanga-kinetics. Yokutanga-order kinetics inoreva kuti kubviswa kwemishonga zvakananga kunobva pachirwere chekutanga chechirwere. Iine chikwata chepamusoro chekutanga, mamwe madhiragi anotswa. Zvizhinji zvinodhaka zvinotevera kinetics yekutanga.
Kusiyana neizvi, zvinodhaka ne zero-order kinetics zvakasununguka zvakanatswa nenzira yakasiyana. Doro ndiyo muenzaniso wemishonga inobviswa ne zero-order kinetics. Nyaya, apo nzira yekudzivirira yemishonga inogadziriswa, sezvinoitika nekuwedzeresa, zvinodhaka zvinotevera kinetics inotanga kushandura ku zero-order kinetics.
Age
Muvanhu vakwegura, hafu yehupenyu yehutu-hunyoro-fatubvu (mafuta-sorouble) inowedzera nokuda kwekuwedzera kwekupararira kwekuparadzirwa. Vanhu vakwegura vanowanzove nemapfupa akawanda andipose kupfuura vanhu vaduku. Zera, zvisinei, zvine zvishoma zvingagadziriswa pamusana pekuregererwa kwemhepo. Nemhaka yehafu yakareba-hupenyu hwezvinodhaka, vanhu vakwegura vanowanzodikanwa kuderera kana kudarika maitiro ekushandisa zvinodhaka kupfuura vaduku. Pane imwe nhoroondo inofananidzwa, vanhu vane uwandu vane huwandu hwekupararira, zvakare.
Nekuenderera mberi kwekutungamirirwa (somuenzaniso BID kana kaviri-a-day dosing), mushure mokunge anenge anenge mana kusvika kuhafu hafu-yeupenyu yapera, mushonga unosvika pakurongeka kwehurumende umo kuwanda kwemishonga yakabviswa kunokonzerwa nemari inoshandiswa.
Chikonzero nei madhiragi achitora nguva "yekushanda" ndeyekuti vanofanirwa kusvika kune huno huno-hutungamiri hwenyika. Pane imwe nhoroondo yakabatana, inotorawo pakati pechina nehafu yehafu yehupenyu nekuda kwechirwere chinobvisa kubva pane yako.
Mukuwedzera pakucherechedza zvakanyanyisa kuyerwa kwevanhu vakuru vakagara kwenguva yakareba ichiita mishonga yehafu-yehupenyu, vanhu vane ruzivo uye zvinyorwa zvekugadzirisa zvinotofanirawo kuve nekunyatsorongedzwa nevanorayira vanachiremba, zvakare. Somuenzaniso, munhu ane chirwere chekupedzisira-renal chirwere (yakakanganiswa netsvo) inogona kuwanikwa nehutuku inobva ku digoxin, mishonga yemwoyo, mushure mevhiki yekurapa kusvika ku 0.25 mg pazuva kana kupfuura.
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