Bioavailability uye bioequivalence zvose zviri zviviri zvinoshandiswa mu pharmacology kurondedzera zviito uye zvivako zvechigadzirwa chemishonga.
Bioavailability inotsanangura munhu wehutachiwana hwehuyo huri kushandiswa kupararira muropa mushure mekunge mishonga inopihwa mumuromo, mumutambo kana mune imwe nzira (semuenzaniso, rectal, zvinyorwa zvinyorwa, zvinyorwa, transdermal, nezvimwewo)
Nenzira, chirwere chinotengeswa mukati-kati chinokonzerwa ne-bioavailability ye 100% sezvo ichiendeswa zvakananga muropa.
Pane zviitiko zvakawanda zvinogona kukanganisa kushandiswa kwemishonga. Zvinosanganisira, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu:
- Zvisikwa zvemuviri wemishonga, kusanganisira mishonga yehafu yeupenyu
- Kugadzirwa kwemishonga (semuenzaniso, kusunungurwa pakarepo, nguva yakasunungurwa)
- Utano hwehutachiona hwemurwere
- Zera remurwere, iro rinogona kukanganisa kukurumidza kwechirwere chemagetsi
- Pasinei nokuti mishonga inotorwa pamwe kana kuti isina zvokudya
- Renal (kidzo) uye hepatic (chiropa) basa, iyo inokanganisa kugadzirwa kwemishonga
Kuwirirana nemamwe madhiragi kana kudya kunogona kukanganisa zvakananga nehuwandu hwehupenyu. Mukurapa kweHIV neAIDS , somuenzaniso, mushonga we antiretroviral Nevir (ritonavir) -kushandisa "kukusimudzira" kushandiswa kwemishonga yemishonga yemishonga yemimwe mishonga yeHIV- inogonawo kuwedzera maitiro ehuwandu hwechirwere chinonzi Viagra (sildenafil citrate) . Mukuita kudaro, inogona kuwedzera zvakanyanya hafu yeupenyu hweViagra apo ichikurudzira madhara.
Zvimwe, kupfuura-the-counter-magnesium- uye aluminium-based antacids (yakadai seTums kana kuti Misi yeMagnesia) inogona kuderedza zvakanyanya kuwanikwa kwemishonga yakawanda yeHIV paakatorwa panguva imwechete - kusvika 74% nemishonga seTivicay (dolutegravir) - uye, mukuita kudaro, zvinogona kukanganisa zvinangwa zverapi.
Bioequivalence ishoko rinoshandiswa mu pharmacology kurondedzera mishonga miviri yemishonga yakasiyana-siyana iyo, zvichienderana nekubudirira kwavo nekuchengeteka, inowanzofanana.
IU.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) inotsanangura bioequivalence se "kusavapo kwemusiyano mukuru muchiyero uye chiyero icho icho chinoshandiswa chinoshandiswa kana kuti mafambiro anoshandiswa mune mishonga yemishonga yakaenzana kana zvimwe zvinoshandiswa kwemishonga zvinowanikwa panzvimbo yezvinodhaka zvinodhaka kana zvichishandiswa pa imwe molar dose pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu akafanana muchidzidzo chakagadzirwa zvakagadzirirwa. "
Bioavailability uye bioequivalence inobatanidza zvakananga maererano nehuwandu hwebioavaid (kureva, kuenzaniswa kwebiwavailability kune rimwe chirwere kune rimwe) ndeimwe yezviyero zvinoshandiswa kuongorora bioquivalency yemishonga.
Kuti FDA inogamuchirwe, chirwere chinowanzofanira kuratidzira 90% yevimbiso yekuvimba (CI) mune zvose uye chiyero chehuwandu hwehupenyu huenzaniswa neicho chinotangira, zvinotaurwa nemishonga.
> Sources:
> Muirhead, G .; Wuff, M ;; Fielding, A .; et al. "Kupindirana kweParammacinetic pakati peSildenafil uye saquinavir / ritonavir." British Journal ye Clinic Pharmacology. August 2000; 50 (2): 99-107.
> Rwiyo, I .; Borland, J .; Arya, N .; et al. "Migumisiro ye calcium uye yesimbi inowedzera pa pharmacokinetics ye > dolutegravir > mune zvinyorwa zvine utano." 15th International Workshop paKliniki Pharmacology yeHIV uye Hepatitis Therapy; Washington, DC; May 19-21, 2014; abstract P_13.
> US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). "Kutungamirirwa Kwemabhizimisi: Bioavailability uye Bioequivalence Studies for Orally Administered Drug Products - Zvimwe Zvikuru." Silver Springs, Maryland.