Zvipembenene Zvirwere zveNerous System Zvine Ngozi
Ndezvipi zvaunofanira kuziva nezvehutachiona hwepasisita hwepakati yenheyo system? Vanobvumirana sei uye chii chaungaita kuti uvadzivirire? Ndezvipi zviratidzo uye kuti vanobatwa sei?
Zvirwere Nezvirwere
Hatina hanya kuzivisa mumwe munhu kuti tine bhakitiriya kana hutachiona hwehutachiona, sehupano kana hutano. Vazhinji vedu, kunyange zvakadaro, vangazeza vasati vati vati tine tapeworms.
Zvirwere zvinokonzerwa nehutachiona zvinonzwa zvakanyanya-zvinokonzerwa nekuputsa kune dzimwe nzira dzehutachiona. Zvinoshamisa kuti kunyange zvakadaro, chikamu chikuru chevanhu vepasi rose vane humwe hutachiona hwehutachiona, uye inofungidzirwa kuti vanhu vanodarika mabhiriyoni vane utachiona hwemhirizhonga chete.
Zvipembenene Zvirwere zveCent Central Nervous System
Zvirwere zvepachirwere zvinogona kuparadza chinenge chikamu chipi nechipi chemuviri chingafungidzirwa. Izvo zvinokonzera hurongwa hwemagetsi zvinogona kunge zvakanyanya kukuvadza uye zvinonyanya kukuvhiringidza. Hazviiti chete kuti mamiriro aya eve dzimwe nguva anouraya, asi anogona kuguma nekuremara kweupenyu hwose. Kuzivikanwa kwokutanga uye kurapwa nokukurumidza kunokosha kuitira kuti kuderedze zvose kufa uye zvinowanzotambudza mushure mezvirwere izvi.
Zvimwe zvirwere zvepasimasi zvinogona kusanganisira chirwere chinotyisa chinogona kuitika kune ani zvake. Kusiyana neizvi, zvirwere zvinokonzerwa nehutachiona hwezvirwere ndezviya zvinowanzoitika kana munhu akadzivirira zvirwere zvemuviri nekuda kwekenza kurapa, HIV, kana zvimwe zvirwere zvisingaperi.
Zvirwere zvinogona kuuraya ubongo zvinosanganisira:
Toxoplasmosis
Toxoplasmosis chirwere chinotapukira chinokonzerwa neprotozoan Toxoplasma gondii . Inopararira munyika yose ine vanhu vanenge 15 muzana yeUnited States, uye vanenge makumi mashanu kubva muzana yevanhu muEurope, vane hutachiona hwakanaka hwekuongorora chirwere chacho.
Zvirwere zvemuviri zvinodzivirira zvirwere zvinotarisa vazhinji vedu. Asi mumamiriro ezvinhu eumunodeficiency, akadai seAIDS , chirwere chinokonzera kukwanisa kukwanisa kumokera muuropi, kuumba masvikiro emasikisi anoonekwa paMRI. Toxoplasmosis inogona kukonzera kuora musoro, kukanganisa , kukanganiswa kwepfungwa neurological uye kuchinja kwepfungwa.
Toxoplasmosis ndiyo mamiriro ekujekesa AIDS maererano neCDC, iyo inoreva zvirwere zvakabatana zvakananga nekuderedzwa kwezvirwere zvemuviri zvinosangana nehutachiona hweHIV.
Toxoplasmosis inowanzobatanidzwa nekati yakatakura, asi mhaka inopesana nefines ingave yakanyanyisa. Mune varwere vane AIDS, hapana mutsauko muhutano hunobva pakuonekwa kune kitty makita.
Mushonga unosarudzwa we toxoplasmosis unosanganisira pyrimethamine, leucovorin, uye sulfadiazine. Kana pane chimwe chinhu chinokonzera kukwidziridzwa kwakasimudzika , ipapo steroid inofanirawo kushandiswa. Semazuva ose, zvakanakisisa kudzivirira hutachiona husati hwaitika kuburikidza nekudzivirira mafungiro ekudzivirira muviri uye kushandisa prophylactic mishonga kune avo vane maitiro ekudzivirira zvirwere. Nemhaka yekurapa kweprophylactic uye antiretroviral therapy , uwandu hwehutachiona hunokonzerwa ne toxoplasmosis hwawa kubva pakukwirira kwayo muna 1995.
Maitiro okudzivirira angasanganisira kudzivisa kitty (kana kupfeka magirafu zvishoma), kudya nyama yakakwana yakabikwa, kunyatsochenesa michero nemiriwo, nekupfeka magirazi chero nguva yekurima (funga: kunze kwemasita mabhokisi.)
Neurocysticercosis
Neurocysticercosis inowanikwa apo vanhu vanonya mazai eTaenia solium, tapipe yemugove ane mazai anowanikwa muzvimedu zvevanhu. Kunyorera mazai kunotungamirira kumapuranga emapapeworm ari kukura mumatunhu akawanda akasiyana, kunyanya uropi nemisumbu. Izvi zvinokonzera kukunda uye nezvimwe.
Utachiona hunopesana nekutenda kwakapararira, hahukonzeri zvakananga nekudya nyama isina kukwana. Kana nyama yenguruve inoputika ichidyiwa, ma-cysts anogona kutungamirira kuhutachiona hwepopeworm mudumbu duku nehonye imwe inodurura zviuru zvemazai. Iyo mazai ayo anogona kutungamirira kuurourocysticercosis. Kana munhu achidya mazai emu tapeworm (ayo akateurwa nemutakuri we tapeworm), worm embryo inogona kutakura kuburikidza nehombodo uye inoita nzira yayo kuenda mukati memutambo wenheyo kana musungo werwonzi.
Zviratidzo zvingadaro zvinosanganisira kuwedzera kusagadzikana, kushungurudza musoro, uye kugumburwa.
Chirwere ichi chinowanzosvika munzvimbo dzese dzinokwidziridzwa nguruve uye kusvibiswa zvakashata, kusanganisira zvakawanda zveSouth America neIndia, uye inofungidzirwa kuti yakatakura vanhu vanenge mamiriyoni makumi mashanu munyika yose. Cysticercosis inokonzera kukanganisa munyika yose uye iri kuwedzera dambudziko rehutano muUnited States (kunyanya nemhaka yekuenda kune imwe nyika kubva kuLatin America.)
Kurapa kune albendazole uye praziquantel pamwe nesteroids kuti kuderedza kuzvimba muuropi.
Kudzivirira kunosanganisira kuisa maoko, kunyanya kudya nyama yakasvibiswa, uye kuve nechokwadi chekudya nyama yenguruve iyo yakabikwa zvakanaka.
Cerebral Malaria
Pasina kuwedzeredza, marariya ndeimwe yekutyisidzira kwakanyanya kuhupenyu hwehupenyu hwose muhupenyu hwose hwevanhu. Kwemakumi emakore, chirwere chacho chakauraya mazana emamiriyoni evanhu. Kuitwa kwezvipembenene izvi kwakaoma, asi inenge nguva dzose inosanganisira kutapurirwa neumhutu une utachiona. Pano tinongokurukura muchidimbu chimwe chemalaria maitiro akasiyana-siyana mukuparadzwa kwevanhu: kupinda zvakananga kwehutachi tissue.
Kuora marariya kunogona kukonzera kuchinja mukuziva kana kukanganisa. Pasina kurapwa, chirwere ichi chinowanzoenderera kusvika ku coma kana kufa. Nekurapa, kufa kune pakati pe15 kusvika ku20 muzana. Vamwe vakapukunyuka, kunyanya vana, vanogona kuva nekusara kwematambudziko semapofu, matsi, kugumburwa, kana zvinetso zvekuziva.
Utachiona hwemarariya hwakawanda zvikuru apo marariya inowanikwa, yakadai seAfrica. Vanoshanyira munzvimbo dzakadaro vanogona kubatsira kudzivirira utachiona hwemarariya neprophylactic mishonga uye mamwe matanho ekudzivirira. Vaya vanotambura nehutachiona hwehutachida vanoda kurapwa nokukurumidza pamwe ne cinchona alkaloids yakadai sequinidine, kana kuti zvigadzirwa zve artemisinin zvakadai se artesunate. Iyo yekupedzisira ndiyo mishonga yekusarudzwa muhutachiona hwakaoma.
Human African Trypanosomiasis
Terapanosomiasis, inonziwo kurwara kurwara, inokonzerwa nemaruva eprotozoan Trypansoma brucei gambiense kana Trypansoma brucei rhodosiense . Kufanana nemarariya, chirwere chinopararira chinopararira nemusana wezvipembenene. American trypanosomiasis inoparidzirwa nemhondi inouraya . African trypanosomiasis inoparadzirwa nehotse fly , inosiya marwadzo, maviri kusvika mashanu-centimeter mark paganda. Kurwisana kunogonawo kutevera.
Pashure penguva yakati, dzimwe nguva makore, chirwere chinopararira chinopararira kubva muropa kusvika kune uropi, zvichiita kuti meningoencephalitis uye kupfugama. Kuora musoro, kunetseka kufunga, unhu hunoshanduka, uye kukanganiswa kwekufamba kwakadai sekudengenyeka kana ataxia (kusagadzikana) kungaguma. Chirwere chacho chinouraya pasina kurapwa. Kuti uongorore chirwere chacho, chirwere chinotanga kuonekwa chinofanira kuonekwa pasi pekroscope mukati memuenzaniso unonzi cerebrospinal fluid. Kurapa kunosanganisira mishonga yakafanana eflornithine kana melarsoprol-iyo inogona kuva nemigumisiro yakakomba-asi inonyanya kukosha kupfuura kubvumira kuti utachiona uende usina kutorwa.
Schistosomiasis
Schistosomiasis , inonziwo bilharzia kana bilharziasis, inokonzerwa nehutachiona nediki, flatworms inonzi flukes. Kazhinji, madumbu aya maduku, mashizha anoita kuti matumbo, chirwere cheputi, chinetso kana chebhupa zvive nematambudziko. Munyika yose, inenge imwe muvanhu 30 inotakura schistosomes idzi, iyo inowanzowanikwa kuburikidza nokushambidza uye kushambira mumvura yakachena mumvura iyo mhonye iyi inorarama. Kungofanana nedzimwe zvirwere, hupenyu hwehupenyu huno hwakaoma uye hunosanganisira zvikamu zvakawanda zvakasiyana. Vanhu vanowana hutachiona kuburikidza nemvura kubva kumvura yakachena mumvura ine scytosomal mabuva, iyo inopinda mukati meganda uye inopinda mumidziyo yeropa. Rimwechete mumumidyo weropa, vanogona kufamba nomuviri. Mhonye dzinoshandisa suckers kuti dziteerere kumadziro eropa, iyo inogona kurarama kwemakore makumi matatu.
Vanhu vazhinji vane chirwere ichi havanzwi zviratidzo zvachose. Dzimwe nguva, kunyange zvakadaro, hutachiona hwehutachiona hunogona kuonekwa zuva rimwe mushure mokunge uchitaridzika nechisimba chinopisa. Mavhiki maviri kusvika masere gare gare, fivha inogona kukura. Gare gare, sezvo schistosomes inogona kupararira kune nhengo dzakasiyana, zviratidzo zvakasiyana-siyana zvinogona kuitika. Dzimwe nguva, honye dzinopararira kumutsipa wepelinha, zvichikonzera myelopathy . Izvi zvinokonzera marwadzo, hutachiona husina simba, uye utera hwezvikamu pasi pehuwandu hwehutachiona. Kusingaperi kuora muviri kunogona kuitika. Mune dzimwe nguva, schistosomiasis inogona kukanganisa uropi, zvichiita kuti kuve nechirwere kana kukwidziridzwa kwakanyanya.
Nemhaka yokuti honye idzi dzinogona kurarama mumuviri kwemakore, uye dzinogona kukonzera dambudziko guru panguva ipi zvayo, vanhu vane utachiona vanofanira kutarisirwa pasinei nokuti vane zviratidzo zvakakomba. Praziquantel ndiyo mushonga wekusarudza. Kana chirwere ichi chakasvibisa sangano remagetsi, steroid inofanira kupiwa zvakare kuitira kuti kuderedza kupisa kwekuvhiringidza.
Vanenge mamiriyoni 240 vanhu vane utachiona hwechirusiki gore negore.
Echinococcosis
Ekiinococcus, iyo inonziwo hydatidosis, inonzi tapeworm iyo, mumutambo wekutanga wehupenyu, inogona kukonzera makrisiti mumararamiro evanhu anosanganisira uropi nemutsipa wepelinha. Zvirwere zvinoshandiswa zvinosanganisira Echinococcus granulosus uye Echinococcus multilocularis . Vanhu vanowana utachiona nekudya zvokudya zvakasvibiswa. Chirwere chacho hachiwanzove muUnited States asi chinowanikwa muAfrica, Central Asia, Southern South America, Mediterranean uye Middle East.
Nhanho dzokutanga dzehutachiona dzinogara dzisingabvumirwi, uye zvinogona kunge makore asati apera ma cysts anokonzera matambudziko. Muhuropi, ma-cysts anogona kukonzera kukanganisa kana kukwirira kwechisimba. Mumutsipa wepelinha, ma-cysts anogona kukonzera musipinha kunyanya kuoma uye kupera simba. Utachiona hwehutachiona hwehutano husingawanzoitiki, zvisinei-kazhinji majekiti anokonzera dzimwe nhengo, dzakadai semapapu kana chiropa.
Tsamba dzinogona kuwanikwa neT CT scan, asi dzinowanzowanikwa apo kuongorora kwekufungidzira kunoitwa kune chimwe chikonzero. Tsanga dzinogona kudiwa kubviswa kushandiswa, kazhinji nekuwedzera kurapwa nemishonga yakadai se albendazole kana praziquantel.
Trichinella
Trichenellosis ihutachiona hunokonzerwa nemakumbo emvura (nematodes) uye inonyanya kuwanikwa mune nyama isina nyama yakabikwa (zvisinei kuti inogona kuwanika kune dzimwe mhando dze nyama pamwe chete.) Utachiona husingawanzoitiki muUnited States nekuda kwekuvandudzwa kwekugadzirira kudya. Larvae inopinda pamadziro ediki duku uye inova mahonye makuru. Mhondi iyo inobva ichienda kusunungura mazai anokura kuva cysts mumasumbu. Apo mutsara inogadzirwa nedzimwe mhuka, mhepo inoenderera mberi inoenderera mberi.
Severe trichinellosis inogona kukonzera meningoencephalitis. Musoro unowanzo chiratidzo. Kuzvimba, kurohwa , uye kugumburwa kunogonawo kuitika. Iyo CT inogona kuratidza zviduku zvevasikirini mukati meuropi. Kurapa kune albendazole kana mebendazole, dzimwe nguva inosanganiswa ne prednisone mumatambudziko akaoma.
Paragonimiasis
Paragonimiasis chirwere chinokonzerwa nehupopopm chinogona kupinda mumuviri kuburikidza kudya kudya kwepabhi kana kuti crayfish. Hazvisi nyore muUnited States, kunyange zvazvo nhamba dzakawanda dzakaziviswa muMidwest. Kazhinji inowanikwa muEast Asia nyika. Iyo mishonga haigoni kuchinja hutachiona hwehutano asi hutachiona hunogona kusvika kuuropi kana kuburikidza neropa kana kuti kuburikidza neforamine muchengeti wehenya. Chimiro chechirwere chechirwere chinosunungura zvinhu zvinoputira uye tunnels kuburikidza nemasukisi, izvo zvingaguma nemusoro wepamusoro, kugumburwa, uye kurohwa (kunyanya nemhaka yekugadzirisa.)
Angiostrongyliasis
Angiostrongyliasis chirwere chakakonzerwa nechirwere chinokonzerwa neAngiostrongylus cantonensis, iyo inowanzosvika kuSoutheast Asia asi inogona kuitikawo muCaribbean zvakare. Inobvumirana nekudya zvidye zvakasungwa, slugs, crabs, kana prawns. Izvo zvinokambaira zvechirwere ichi zvinosvika kuuropi zvichikonzera misoro, kusuruvara, uye kuoma kwemutsipa. Kusiyana nehutachiona hwehutachiona hwehutachiona hwehutachiona hwepamusoro, hapana hutachiona huripo uye hutachiona hunowanzogadzirisa kwemavhiki mana kusvika matanhatu.
Pasi Pasi Pamasanganisi Anobatsira Ubongo uye Mutsara Wechipfuva
Sezvisina kufanana nezvirwere zvepachirwere, zvakakosha kuziva kuti kazhinji nguva, zvirwere izvi hazvionekwi. Vanhu vakawanda vanogara munyika yose vanogara nehonye kana imwe sarasita. Sezvatinoita kunge tine zvipenyu izvi, kunyange zvakadaro, kupindira kwemasangano edu emagetsi ari pedyo zvikuru nekunyaradza uye kunofanira kutorwa nguva dzose.
Utano hwakanaka ( kushambidza maoko nemaoko uye kuvhara magirafu), kuchenesa nekuchenesa zvakakwana michero nemiriwo, uye kubika zvakakodzera kwezvokudya kunogona kufamba nenzira yakareba mukuderedza ngozi yako yezviitiko izvi.
Sources
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