Pasinei nehurongwa hwekurapa hukuru munyika, hutachiwana hutachiona hunowedzera
Hapana kupi munyika ino chirwere cheAIDS chakanyanya kuparadza kupfuura kondinendi yeAfrica. KuSouth Africa, kudengenyeka kwezvematongerwe enyika uye nhoroondo yakareba yekuramba kwehurumende kwakaita kuti pave nehosha yakave yakasvibiswa zvakanyanya pakupera kwema1990 nekutanga kwema2000.
Kunyange nanhasi, pasinei nekuputira huwandu hwevakafa uye hutungamiri hwehutungamiri hwehondo yeAIDS, uwandu hwehutachiona hweHIV huri kuramba huchiwedzera gore negore.
Somugumisiro, South Africa inoramba iine nyika ine vanhu vakawanda vasina hutachiona hweHIV munyika.
South African Demographics
Inowanikwa kumaodzanyemba-kunyanya kumativi eAfrica yeAfrica, South Africa ine vanhu vanenge mamiriyoni 48 (inenge imwe yechitanhatu yakawanda seyoUnited States) inopararira kupfuura mamiriyoni 1,2 mamiriyoni (inenge yechina yechina yeTexas.
Nyika yacho ine mitauro gumi nemitatu yehurumende, kusanganisira Chirungu, ine 79% yakasviba uye 10% yevanhu vatsvene.
HIV Inhamba muSouth Africa
Zvinotarisirwa zvinoratidza kuti mamiriyoni 5.7 South Africa vanogara neHIV, iyo inomiririra vanenge 12% yevanhu (kana kuti inenge imwechete muvanhu vasere). Zvimwe zvinyorwa zvinotevera.
- Nhamba yehutachiwana hweHIV pakati pevanhu vakuru nhasi inopfuura 18% (kana inenge imwe chete pavanhu vashanu).
- Mumwe muvanhu vana vane makore gumi nemashanu kusvika ku49 anotenda kuti ane utachiona hweHIV.
- 45% yevanhu vose vakafa munyika ino inogona kuve yakakonzerwa neHIV.
- 13% yevatema vekuSouth Africa vane hutachiwana hweHIV kusvika ku3.3% vevatsvene vemuAfrica.
- Inofungidzirwa kuti pane 600,000 nherera vana nekuda kweAIDS.
Nhoroondo yeHIV muSouth Africa
Chirwere cheHIV chakauya muSouth Africa munharaunda ye1982. Zvisinei, sezvo nyika yakanga iri mukati mekuparadzwa kwehutongerwe enyika, dambudziko reHIV ndiro rainyanya kuregererwa.
Zvinyararire, apo mhirizhonga yezvematongerwe enyika yakakonzera mhizha, hutachiona hutachiona hutachiona hutachiona hutachiona hutachiwana hutachiona hweHIV hwakatanga kutora.
Pakazosvika pakati pemakore ekuma 1990, kunyange shanduko yeHIV yakawedzera ne60%, hurumende yakaramba yakanonoka pakupindura kwayo kune izvo zvaizova njodzi yehutano. Zvakanga zviri zvema1990 apo Mutungamiriri wenyika Nelson Mandela akabvuma kuchema kwehurumende yake kumatambudziko, panguva iyo South Africa yakanga yatotanga kuva vanhu vakawanda vane HIV mune zvenyika.
Pakazosvika gore ra2000, Dhipatimendi reMweya weSouth Africa rakarondedzera hurongwa hweHIV neAIDS hwemakore mashanu asi yakagamuchira zvishoma kutsigira mutungamiri weSouth Africa Thabo Mbeki. Mushure mekunge vaudza boka revanhu vanorwara neAIDS vanotungamirirwa naDkt. Peter Duesberg, Mbeki vakaramba shanduko yeAIDS yepamutemo uye panzvimbo pacho vakapomera chirwere cheAIDS chinowedzera muurombo, ukoloni, uye makaro.
Pasina rubatsiro rwehurumende, urongwa hwemakore mashanu hahuna kubva pasi nokukurumidza sezvakarongwa, uye vashomanana vanoratidzira kuti vagamuchire kubva pamishonga pasina antiretroviral . Munguva iyi, HIV pakati pevakadzi vakadzi vekuSouth Africa vakasimuka kubva pamasere-gumi zve1% muna 1990 kusvika kune 30% muna 2000.
Yakanga iri chete nekubviswa kwaMbeki kubva muhofisi muna 2008 kuti hurumende yakatora matanho ekusimbisazve njodzi iyi, ichikurira kushanda kwekuve izvo nhasi ndiyo inotakura chirongwa chinodhaka cheHIV mune zvepasi rose.
Zvisinei, kuwedzerwa kukurudzirwa kuwedzera kufambira mberi kwakaderedzwa nehutachiona hwehutano hwehutano hwehutano uye kupera simba kweSouth Africa mari pasi peMutungamiri Jacob Zuma. Kusvika panguva ino, vanhu vashoma vanopfuura 30 vane HIV vane kurapwa, asi hutachiona hwehutachiwana pakati pevechidiki huri kuramba huchimuka, husingawanikwe.
Nechisarudzo chisati chasvika chaCyril Ramaphosa semukuru weAfrica National Congress (ANC), vakawanda vanotarisira kuti hupfumi hweSouth Africa huchachinja uye, pamwe chete nayo, kuedza kusimbisa hutachiona hweHIV nenyika.
Kuwanda kweHIV neAIDS muSouth Africa
Kwemazana makumi emakore, pfungwa yakakosha pakati peSouth Africa ndeyekuti HIV / AIDS yaiva chirwere chevarombo.
Uye icho chinoramba chiri chechokwadi, zvishoma kuti zvigadzire kupararira kwehutachiwana munzvimbo dzinotambura.
Pakati peavo vakakanganiswa;
- Vechidiki vane makore gumi nemashanu kusvika ku24 ndivo vanoita hurukuro yakawanda yevanhu vanotapukirwa neHIV muSouth Africa, inenge 50%.
- Vakadzi vanoverenga 55% yezvese zvirwere zvitsva. Kusiyana kwehupfumi nehupfumi, kusavhiringidza kwevakadzi , uye kuwedzerwa kwekubatwa chibharo muSouth Africa ndeimwe yezvinokonzera nhamba idzi.
- Varume vanoita zvepabonde nevarume (MSM) vari pangozi yakawanda yeHIV muSouth Africa, uye inofungidzirwa kuwanda kwe 33%. Nzara yehutachiona hwehutachiona hwevarume nevarume vanoita zvepabonde, pamwe chete netsika dzisina tsika mune dzimwe misha dziri kutyaira mazinga akakwirira.
- Vashandi vanoenda kune dzimwe nyika vari pangozi yakakura yeHIV, mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzinoshandiswa migodhi dzinoratidza hutachiwana hwehutachiwana hunopfuura 60%. Varume-chete vanhu vanobatanidzwa nehuwandu hwemabhizimisi emabasa ekutengesa zvepabonde mune zvekutengesa mumagariro ekugadzira dutu rakakwana yehutachiona.
Kubudirira muSouth African HIV Battle
Zvingava zvisina kururama kutaura kuti mifananidzo yakave iri dambudziko uye rima kuSouth Africa. Chimwe chekubudirira kukuru kwave kuri kuderedza kutapurirwa kweamai kuenda kumwana (MTCT) yeHIV . Nekuchengetedzwa kwakanaka pamakiriniki ekuberekwa uye kupararira kwekushandisa mushonga weprophylactic HIV, uwandu hweMATCT hwakaburuka kubva pa8% muna 2008 kusvika ku 2.7% muna 2012.
Somugumisiro, kuwedzera kwehutachiwana hweHIV kwakaderera pakati pevana kwavewo kwakaderera ne20%. Pasinei neizvi, kushandiswa kwemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya muvana kwakawira zvakanaka shure kwevanhu vakuru, uye vanopfuura makumi manomwe kubva muzana yevakafa vose vanozvarwa muSouth Africa vane HIV.
Sources
Human Sciences Resource Council (HSRC). "South Africa National Prevalence HIV, Kutevedzera uye Maitiro Ekuongorora, 2012." Pretoria, South Africa; December 2014; yakasvika musi waFebruary 17, 2016.
Natrass, N. "AIDS uye Scientific Governance yeMishonga muPas-Apartheid South Africa." Oxford Journals: African Affairs. February 2008; 107 (427): 157-176.
US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). "CDC's HIV / AIDS Care and Treatment Programs muSouth Africa: TB neHIV." Atlanta, Georgia; December 5, 2011.
Heywood, M. "Mutengo Wokuramba." Interfund Development Update. December 2004; 5 (3).