Kana isina kusiya, HIV inowanzoenderera kuAIDS; iyo ndiyo mutemo mukuru. Zvisinei, kambani kadiki yevanhu vane hutachiona hweHIV inotendwa kuti inokwanisa kudzora HIV pasina kumbofambira mberi kuAIDS-uye pasina kushandisa antiretroviral drugs . Vanhu ava, vakambodanwa kwenguva refu vasati vatsigiri , nhasi vanowanzozivikanwa sevatachiona veHIV vari vakuru .
Kunyange zvazvo nyanzvi dzakanga dzagara dzichifunga nezvehutano hwekusanzwisiswa kwekusaziva chinhu chakavanzika, huwandu hweuchapupu nhasi hunoti humwe hutachiona hwekuchinja hunoisa kune "hutungamiri" hutachiona hweHIV. Sezvo zvakadaro, chinangwa chikuru chiri kuiswa pakugadzirisa kana nzira dzakadaro dzinogona kuenzaniswa kune vamwe vanhu, nechinangwa chikuru chekugadzira chirwere cheAIDS kana mamwe maitiro ekudzivirira zvirwere zveHIV pasina kushandisa madhiragi.
Chii Chinonzi Mutungamiri WevaEric?
Vatungamiri vechiElite vanotsanangurwa zvakajeka sevanhu vane hutachiwana hweHIV vanochengetedza zvisingaoneki zveVIV maitiro asina kushandisa HIV zvinodhaka. Kununurwa pamutoro webasa rekusachengetedzwa kwehutachiona, vatungamiri vemazuva ano vanowanzochengetedza zvirongwa zvezvirwere zvekuzvidzivirira (zvichienzaniswa neCD4 count ), zvinoreva kuti mungozi wehutachiona husina kunaka hunofungidzirwa pasi.
Inofungidzirwa kuti vatungamiri vemauto vanoverengera vanhu vanenge 1 mu300 vane HIV. Chimiro ichocho chinogona kusiyana, zvisinei, chakapiwa kuti tsvakurudzo inowanzotsanangura vatungamiri vemauto zvakasiyana.
Mune zvimwe zviitiko, vatungamiri vehurumende vanorondedzerwa sevanogona kuchengeta utachiona husingaoneki kwegore; vamwe vanobatanidzwa chete mushure mekunge kune makore 3-15.
Ichi chinhu chakakosha nokuti hatigoni kutaura zvakasimba kuti vatongi ivavo vakakura havazombopfuuriri muzvirwere zvavo kana kuti vanoona kushanda kwechimbichimbi chebasa reropa.
Tinofanirwa kufungidzira kuti vamwe vehuwandu huno huchaita.
Chii Chinogadzirisa Mutongi WevaEric?
Zvidzidzo zvepakutanga zvakanga zvisingabudiriri mukuwana humwe unhu hunhu uye humiro pakati pevatongi vakuru. Izvo zvakanga zvisati zviripo kusvika pakuuya kwekutsvaga kwema genetic uye teknolojia iyo takakwanisa kuisa zvinowanikwa pakati peavo vanofungidzirwa kuti vakuru vakuru.
Pakati pevatsvakurudzi vekutsvaga, nyanzvi yeHarvard Medical School, Bruce Walker, MD akanga ari mumwe wekutanga kugadzirisa maitiro ezvisikwa pakugadzirwa kwehuwandu hwevanhu, vachibudisa uchapupu kubva kune boka revatungamiri va1 100 vakakura uye 800 vanhu vane AIDS.
Mune maitiro ezvirwere zvekudzivirira muviri, mamwe masero emunodzivirira, anonzi "helper" T-cells , anoona zvirwere zvinokonzera zvirwere uye "kuisa" zviratidzo zvekudzivirira. "Muurayi" T-masero anobva avhara muhutachiona pane zvimwe zvakagadzirisa pfungwa uye anouraya hutachiwana kubva mukati.
Kunyange zvakadaro, HIV inokwanisa kuenderana nehutachiona hwekuzvidzivirirwa, kuchinja mutsere kuti kudzivirira "muurayi" chekubatanidza, apo kuparadza masero "anobatsira" anodiwa kuratidzira kurwisa kwekutanga.
Mukutsvaga kweboka rake, Walker akakwanisa kuziva kuti "muurayi" T-masero muboka rakakura rekutonga vakakwanisa kushanda pasina "helper" T-masero.
Uyezve, boka rake rakaona kuti masero e "muurayi" akakwanisa kuisa mararamiro akasiyana-siyana eAIDS, kwete kungoita shanduro chaiyo sezvinowanzoitika.
Sezvo kutsvakurudza kwaWatcher kwakabudiswa, masayendisiti ave akakwanisa kuparadzanisa zvakawanda zvemashoko akasiyana-siyana anowanika mumagenome emuzinda wevanhu vakuru. Pakati pavo:
- Kuchinja kwechirwere cheFUT2 , chinowanikwa mu20% yevanhu veEurope uye inozivikanwa kuti inopesana zvakasimba kune mamwe marudzi ehutachiona.
- Kuvapo kwemajini akasiyana-siyana anonzi human leukocyte antigen B (HLA-B) , ayo anowanika muhuwandu hwevatongi vakuru.
- Izwi rinoshandiswa rinobvumira vatungamiri vemauto kuti vabereke zvinonzi zvinorema neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) nekukurumidza kupfuura vatongi vasiri ivo. bNAbs, netsanangudzo, vanogona kuuraya zvakasiyana-siyana zve HIV. Kazhinji, munhu asiri mukuru-mutongi anogona kutora makore kuti abudise masero aya, panguva iyo HIV inotanga kuisa yakavanzika yakachengetedzwa yakavharidzirwa iyo inonyanya kusingagoni kuitika. Vatungamiri vechiElite, zvakasiyana, vanoita sevanokwanisa kuita bNAbs pedyo nokukurumidza, kudzivirira (kana kuti kuderedza kuderedza) kugadzirwa kwemasango ekupedzisira.
Nokutsanangura maitiro aya emasikirwo, masayendisiti anotarisira kuongororazve maitiro kuburikidza nejeni therapy, chirwere chema immunologic, kana kuti kusanganiswa kwezvinyorwa zvezvinyorwa.
Kumusoro kweElite Control
Pasinei netariro yepamusoro yekutonga kwevanhu vakuru uye kuongororwa kwechirwere ichi, kuwedzera huchapupu hwakaratidza kuti hutungamiri hukuru hunouya pamutengo. Kana ichienzaniswa nevasiri vasiri-vamiririri vezveraretroviral therapy (ART) , vatungamiri vemazuva ano vanowanzove nevanopfuura kaviri nhamba yezvipatara, kunyanya kubva kune zvirwere zvisingawaniki neHIV izvo zvinozivikanwa kuti hazvina kukanganisa vanhu vose vane HIV.
Kana ichienzaniswa nevasiri vasiri-vadzidzisi paIART vane zvisingaoneki zvehutachiona hwevatachiona, vatongi vakuru vakange vane 77% mamwe maharareji. Kunyange vasina vamiririri-vatungamiri vane utachiona hunowanikwa huri nani, zvichiratidza kuti ART inogona kuderedza dzimwe nguva dzisingagumi kwenguva refu kuputika kwatinoziva kuti kunogona kuwedzera dambudziko uye kukura kusati kwatanga kwekenza isina hutachiona hweHIV , zvirwere zvepfungwa, uye marwadzo eurological .
Sources:
Markowitz, M .; "HIV Elite Controller Study (MMA-0951)." Rockefeller University; New York, NY; February 9, 2011.
Olson. A .; Meyer, L .; Prins, M .; et al. "Kuongororwa kweHIV Murairi weElite Tsanangudzo mukati meSeroconverter Yakakura Cohort Cooperation." PLoS | Rimwe. January 28, 2014; DOI: 10.1371 / magazini.pone.0086719
Crowell, T .; Gebo, K .; Blankson, J .; et al. "Zvipatara Zvitengo uye Zvikonzero pakati pevatachiona veHIV Elite uye Vanhu vane Utachiona hweHIV." Clinical Infectious Diseases. December 15, 2014; doi: 10.1093 / infdis / jiu809.