Kunyanya kusagadzirisa hutachiona hweHIV (bNAbs) inodzivirirwa nemaitiro anokonzerwa nehurumende, iyo inogona kukonzera matambudziko akawanda eAIDS. Izvi zvinopesana nezvishoma kuvanhu kana zvichienzaniswa nevasiri vasati vanyatsopindira maitiro (kana NAbs) ayo anonyanya kutaura nezvehutachiona hweHIV.
Iko kune maitiro anopfuura 60 akasiyana-siyana akasiyana-siyana eHIV-1 munyika, nehuwandu hwakawanda hunonzi recombinant HIV.
Sezvo vazhinji varipo vane hutachiwana hweHIV varipo mukati meumwe munhu, kuve nekudzivirira chirwere cheHIV kwakaratidza kuvhiringidza kuongorori sezvo zvirwere zvepanyama zvinotanga kupindura mishonga inopesana inogona kukanganisa zvimwe imwe kana michina shomanana.
Kuti chirwere chibudirire chaizvo, masayendisiti aizoda kukudziridza inoculant inogona kuparadza huwandu hwakawanda hwehutachiona hweHIV. Ichi ndicho chikonzero kuwanikwa kweBBB kwakave iyo inonyanya kushandiswa pakugadzirisa zvirongwa zveHIV .
MaBBb anozivikanwa iye zvino akanga ari oga kubva kune avo vakaratidza kuti vane chirwere chetachiona cheHIV ("elite neutralizers") kana kukwanisa kudzivisa kuwedzera kwezvirwere pasina kushandisa antiretroviral zvinodhaka ("nguva refu isati iri kufambira mberi").
Matambudziko uye Zvipingamupinyi Mukugadzirwa Kwechirwere
Kunyange zvazvo bNA mabhuku akawanda akaonekwa kare kare muna 1993, vanyori vanogona kunge vari voga pashure pegore ra2009 (kusanganisira zvimwe saVRC0-1 uye VRC0-2, iyo inozivikanwa kuti irege kukonzera 90% yezvimwe zvinoshandiswa zvinozivikanwa).
Zvisinei, kuparadzaniswa kwezvirwere izvi hazvirevi kuti masayendisiti anogona kuvaka chirwere chinokwanisa kukurudzira mhinduro dzemuviri dzemuviri (immune) (humoral) mumunhu wepamusoro. Kusvika iye zvino, hatina kuona izvi, kana nezvezvirwere zvakagadzirirwa kuchengetedza kurwisa HIV kana kuti kudzivirira zvirwere zvishoma kune avo vakatotapukirwa neHIV.
Zvakaitwa nevatsvakurudzi ndezvokuti, kunze kwevanhu vasina kukwana neutralizers, bNAbs hazvirevi kuti inoshanda pamwe chete nemigumisiro yakafanana mune mumwe munhu anorapwa. Kunyange zvazvo bBB ivo pachavo vane simba rokugadzirisa utachiona, tadzidza kuti kazhinji zvakaoma kuti vapinde mukati mechirwere 'kunze kwekuvhara (kana kuti "envelope").
Uyezve, kune vanhu vane HIV-avo vane majekiseni ekurapa vari kuongororwa-mhinduro yehuori inoratidzika kuti inopedza nguva. Izvi zvinogona kutsanangurwa nehutachiwana hwehutachiona hweHIV, nenzira yahwo chaiyo, hunosiya huwandu hweCD4 T-seli dzinotanga kudzivirira kudzivirirwa mumuviri. Pasina mhinduro yeCD4 yakasimba, zvingave zvakaoma kutanga kwekugadzirwa kweBNAbs ine zvakakwana kana zvisingagumi.
Uye kunyange kana mhinduro yakakwana ichibudirira, kumwe kutsvakurudza kunoratidza kuti inogona kuva imwe inowedzera kwenguva yakareba, panguva iyo iyo hutachiwana hutachiona hweHIV inogona kutendeuka kuti irege kudzivirira zvirwere.
Nzira Yekutungamira
Pasinei nezvipingamupinyi, vatsvakurudzi vari kuramba vachitsvaga nzira dzakasiyana-siyana kana kushandiswa, kusanganisira kushandiswa kwebhakitiriya rezvemagetsi (nzira iyo yakaratidzwa inokurudzira kubudisa insulin mune vane chirwere cheshuga, somuenzaniso) uye kunyange mashizha-based vectors (akadai seAgrobacterium tumefacien, iyo inogona kutumira DNA yakaita shanduko kumasero evanhu).
Vamwe, panguva iyo, vari kutsvaga kana zvirwere zvinosanganiswa uye / kana boster inoculations zvingavandudza kushanda, pamwe nekutsvakurudza kunoratidza kuti kuchenesa kwekudzivirirwa kweBNAb kunogona kutora makore akawanda.
Kuwedzera ruzivo pamusoro peBBB kunogona kupedzisa nzira yekuita nzira yakasiyana-siyana inoshandiswa neutachiona huzhinji hunogona kushandiswa. Pakati pezvinhu izvi zvinonzi " monoclonal antibodies " anokwanisa kusarudza zvakasiyana-siyana zvinokonzerwa neHIV, dzimwe dzadzo dzisingabatsiri zvakanyanya.
Chimwe chezvinhu zvinonakidza zvakawanikwa zvaive zvakakomberedza N6 antibody , iyo muongororo yekuongorora yakakwanisa kuponesa 98% yehutano hweHIV.
Kunyange zvazvo zvisinganzwisisike kana izvi zvichange zvichisimudzira pane mhuka kana mumiedzo yevanhu, inoratidzika kuva imwe yebNAbs yakanyanya kune yakasarudzwa.
Sources:
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National Institutes of Health (NIH). "NIH Masayendisiti, Kubatsira Mapepa Inokwanisika Path kune HIV Inoberekwa: Co-Evolution yeHIV uye Strong Antibody Response Charted for First Time." Bethesda, Maryland; Media release yakabudiswa musi waApril 3, 2013.
Rosenberg, Y .; Sack, M .; Montefiori, D .; et al. "Kurumidza Kuwedzera-Kuburitsa Kwekushanda kweHIV Zvakarega Kusagadzikana Mishonga Inoshandiswa Mumasero muChirangaridzo Chine Zviratidzo Zvirongwa." PLOS | Rimwe . March 22, 2013; DOI: 10.1371 / magazini.pone.0058724.
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