Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization
Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) ndeimwe yenzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzinoshandiswa kutsvaga DNA dzemasero, kutsvaga kuvepo kana kusavapo kwemagetsi kana zvikamu zvemajini.
Mhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzekenza dzinobatanidzwa nemaziviro anozivikanwa ejenetic. Uye nemagetsi, hatisi kungotaura nezvekuzvarwa. Kwemazuva ose, masero anogona kuita zvikanganiso pavanoparadzanisa nekukura.
Kuchinja kwemukati kweDNA inosangana nekenza kunogona kuunganidzwa mumasero aya.
Mafisi Anoshanda Sei?
HERE ndiyo nzira inoshandisa mapurojekiti e fluorescent kuti aone maitiro ega kana zvikamu zvemajeni (DNA sequence). Vashandi vekurapa vashandi uye ve oncologists vanoshandisa FISH kuti vabatsire kurapa varwere vanogona kuva nekenza, uye dzimwe nguva kutarisa murwere anenge atoona kuti ane kenza uye anobatwa.
FISH inogona kuitwa kuburikidza nekushandisa marudzi akasiyana-siyana emashiripiti maererano nenzvimbo uye rudzi rwekenza inofungidzirwa: Tumorumendi masero akawanikwa kubva kune rimwe ropa, kubva mumasese emapfupa kana kuti kubva kune lymph node biopsy, uye formalin yakagadziriswa yeparafini-yakasungiswa tissue (izvi zvinoreva muenzaniso wezvisikwa zvinoshandiswa mubhuku uye zvakabatanidzwa kuva rudzi rwewakisi, zvichiita kuti zvive zvakasimba, kuitira kuti zvikwanise kuiswa muzvikamu zviduku uye zvigadzirirwa kuonekwa pasi pe microscope).
Tsamba Tsamba Dzinorevei?
Izwi rokuti "H" muchiFISH rinoreva kusanganiswa.
Mukushambadzira kwema molecular, DNA yakanyorwa kana kuti RNA sequence inoshandiswa semushanduriro - kufungidzira imwe tsvuku yeBrick brick, kana uchida. Purogiramu inoshandiswa kuwana imwe nyanzvi Lego brick, kana kuti DNA zvakaenzanirana, mune shanduro yezvinyorwa.
DNA mumuenzaniso wako yakafanana nemapuranga e Lego Lego brick, uye zvizhinji zvidhinha mumatambudziko aya hazvizofananidzi shanduro yedu tsvuku.
Uye zvidhina zvako zvose zvakarongeka zvakakwana kuva mapaundi makumi maviri nemaviri ematanda ematare - imwe murwi ndeimwe yemapirosiomomes ako anokwana ma homologous, akawanda kana zvishoma. Kusiyana neTego zvidhinha, tsuro redu reMego tsvuku yakafanana nemaginti ane simba uye inoona mutsara wayo pasina kutarisa mumapuranga.
I "F" inoreva fluorescence. Tsvakurudzo yedu tsvuku inogona kurasikirwa mumisungo yezvidhinha, saka inonyorwa nemarara e-fluorescent dye kuitira kuti ichitsva. Apo painowana mutambo wayo pakati pemapuranga makumi maviri nematanhatu, fisi ye fluorescent inoratidzira nzvimbo yayo. Saka, iwe zvino unogona kuona kuti vatsvakurudzi nevarapiki vangashandisa sei FISH kuti vabatsire kuziva (kupi, iro chromosome) geni rinowanikwa kune mumwe munhu.
I "I" uye "S" inomirira in situ . Izvi zvinoreva chokwadi chekuti bhenje redu reMe Lego rakatsvaga mutsara wayo mukati mekuenzanisa kwawakapa .
Ko Zvakadini Nezvinokonzerwa Nechirwere Zvekenza?
FISH nemamwe maitiro ekugadzirisa maitiro anoshandiswa kuti aongorore zvakasiyana-siyana zvechromosomal zvisina kufanira-kuchinja mumararamiro emagetsi, kuchinja mumakromosomes, kusanganisira zvinotevera:
Kutumbuka - chikamu chekromosome chaenda
Translocation - chikamu chechromosome chinoputika uye chinamatira pane imwe chromosome
Inversion - chikamu che chromosome chinoputika uye chinopindira zvakare, asi kuburikidza nekuraira
Kudzokorora - chikamu chekromosome chiripo mumakopi akawanda mukati memusero
Mhando imwe neimwe yekenza inogona kunge yakagadziriswa yechromosomal uye probes inobatsira. FISH haibatsiri kungoona maitiro ekutanga ekuchinja kwehutano muhutano hwehutano sezvinoita kenza, asi inogona kushandiswawo kutarisa kupindurwa kwechirwere uye chirwere chokuregererwa.
Maitiro ekuchinja anowanikwa neFISH dzimwe nguva anopa ruzivo rwezvekuti kanhi munhu angangodaro akazvibata sei, zvichienderana nezvakaonekwa munguva yakapfuura kune vanhu vane rudzi rumwechete rwekenza uye zvimwe zvakachinja mazita. Dzimwe nguva FISH inoshandiswa mushure mekunyatsoongorora kwave kwatoitwa, kuunganidza mamwe mashoko angabatsira kubatsira kufanotaura mugumisiro wemurwere kana kurapa kwakanakisisa.
FISH inogona kujekesa chromosomal kusagadzikana mueukemias , kusanganisira mu chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Kana iri chronic lymphocytic leukemia / small lymphocytic lymphoma, FISH inobvumira varwere kuti vawane chikamu chavo chekufungidzira: zvakanaka, pakati, kana kuti varombo. Mune acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), genetics yeaukemic masero anogona kukuudza nezvehuwandu hwehutano hwekenza uye anobatsira kutungamirira maitiro ekurapa.
FISH mapepa anowanikwawo kune lymphoma, multiple myeloma, masero eplasma anowedzera kuwedzera uye myelodysplastic syndrome. Munyaya ye mantle cell lymphoma, somuenzaniso, pane shanduko iyo FISH inogona kuona iyo inonzi GH / CCND1 t (11; 14) iyo inowanzobatanidzwa ne lymphoma iyi.
Nei FISH?
Nzira yeFISH ndeyokuti haifaniri kuitwa pamasero ari kugovana zvakasimba. Kuongororwa kweCygenegenetic inowanzoita anenge masvondo matatu, nokuti masero emukenza anofanira kukura mumabhati ekuravira kwemavhiki maviri vasati vaongororwa. Kusiyana neizvi, zvibereko zveFISH zvinowanzowanikwa kubva mubhii mukati memazuva mashoma.
> Sources:
> Kanzera Cytogenetic Testing CPT Codes.
> Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH). http://www.genome.gov/10000206#al-2.
> Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH). http://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/fluorescence-in-situ-hybridization-fish-327.
> Wolff DJ, Bagg A, Cooley LD, et al. Nhungamiro yeFluorescence muIp Hybridization Testing in Hematologic Disorders. Journal of Molecular Diagnostics: JMD. 2007; 9 (2): 134-143.