Kunyatsoongorora Neonatal Kuzvidya Mwoyo
Maererano neNational Institute on Drug Abuse, maminetsi makumi maviri nemaviri mwana anoberekwa achitambura nekubviswa kweopioid. Opioid kubvisa mucheche inetso yehutano yenyika iyo inobata mhuri, vana, nevateresi.
Chii Chinonzi Kubata Mazino Okudzivisa Kuzvidya Mwoyo?
Opioid kurega kunoitika kana mwana akaberekwa atove akapindwa muropa nezvinodhaka nekuda kwekushandisa kwemishonga amai panguva yekuzvitakura.
Kana mwana wacho aberekwa, iye haasisiri kugamuchira madhiragi kuburikidza naamai, saka mwana anoenda kuburikidza nehutano hwekusiya zviratidzo. Izvi zvinonzi neonatal abstinence syndrome kana NAS.
Amai vanogona kuzarura mwana wavo asina kuberekwa kuti apiwe zvinodhaka, izvo zvinosanganisira heroin, codeine, oxycodone kana Oxycontin, Vicodin, methadone uye buprenorphine, panguva yose yekuzvitakura kwake nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana.
Zvinosuruvarisa kuti, NAS yakave ichiwedzera pamusoro pemakore, ichikwira katanhatu nhamba yevana muna 2012 kana ichienzaniswa na2000, apo 21 732 vana vakaberekwa vane chirwere. Zvadaro, muna 2015, nhamba yevana vane mishonga yemishonga yakasimuka zvakare. MuOhio, somuenzaniso, pane 159 vana vakaberekerwa vashandise zvinodhaka pamadhipa evanhu gumi nemaviri. Nhamba iyoyo yaive yakapetwa kasere kupinda muna 2005.
Mitengo yeNAS inofananidzwa nehurumende, asi inozivikanwawo kuti vanaamai vari mumharaunda yakaderera mari uye vanaamai vane mimba dzisingatarisirwi vane huwandu hwakanyanya hwekushandisa maopioid panguva yekuzvitakura kwavo.
Vamwe vakadzi vanoramba vachishandisa opioid vasati vaziva kuti vane pamuviri uye havagoni kumira nekuda kwekudhakwa kwavo.
Ndezvipi Zvinetso Kuberekwa Kwekuberekwa Kwepabonde Kuchirwa?
NAS ine migumisiro yenguva refu yemhuri, vana nevana. Vacheche vanozvarwa neNAS vanowanzova nezvinetso zvepanyama zvakadai sekucheka kwekuberekwa kwepabonde uye zvinetso zvokufema zvinoda kuchengetedzwa nokukurumidza.
Vanowanzove vakaberekerwa kutangira (musati mavhiki makumi matatu nemaviri), izvo zvinokonzera zvinetso pachavo zvakare.
Zviratidzo zveNAS zvinosanganisira kusagadzikana, kunyanyisa kana kukwirira-chema kuchema, kunetseka kwehope, kurwara kusina kunaka, kudengenyeka, urombo husina kunaka, kusuruvara, uye zvigadziko zvakasununguka. Iyo pakarepo migumisiro yekuregera inokonzerawo kufema, kupera simba, fivha, tachypnea (kukufema nekukurumidza), uye ruvara uye ruvara rweganda, sezvo muviri wavo unorwisana nekushaiwa kwemishonga muitiro yavo. Kazhinji, zviratidzo zvakaoma zveNAS zvinowanikwa pakati pemaminitsi makumi mana namasere nemashanu mushure mokuberekwa.
Nguva refu, vana vechidiki veNAS vanogonawo kuva nehutano, hutsika, uye hunobudirira matambudziko pamwe chete. Vana vacheche vave vaine ruzivo rweapiates muchibereko vangave vaine maonero mashoma, vakaderera kugadziriswa uye motokari kukura, kushaya simba, kucherechedza dambudziko rekushaya chirwere, uye kunyange kunyanya kuyeuka. Kana mwana wacho aine ruzivo rwekushandisa methadone, inowanzoita opiate, ivo vanogonawo kuunza matambudziko pakati pekunzwa, izvo zvinogona kutungamirira mukurasikirwa kwekunzwa, izvo zvino zvinokanganisa kukura kwemitauro.
Nemhaka yokuti vana veNAS vanewo hutano hwakawanda uye vanoda rubatsiro rwakawedzerwa, vanogarawo muchipatara nguva yakareba kupfuura yevheji yevana, iyo inoita kuti vawane mari yekutarisira kwavo.
Somuenzaniso, muna 2012, vana vaNAS vacheche vakaramba vachienzanisa mazuva 16.9 zvichienderana nemazuva anowanikwa nemazuva maviri evana vakaberekwa vane utano hwakanaka. Mari yekutarisira mwana mumwe chete ane NAS inodhura inenge ye $ 66,700, asi kutarisira vana vatsva vane utano kunodhura madhora 3 500. Ruzhinji rwemari yekuchengetwa kwevana ava rwakabhadharwa nehurongwa hweMedicaid yehurumende, pamwe nehuwandu hwehutengo hwe $ 1.5 mabhiriyoni emadhora.
Kurapa kweNAS
Kurapa vacheche neNAS, vanachiremba vanotofanira kuvapa duku, kutaridzwa kweiyoopioid kuchengetedza miviri yavo miduku kubva pakuva nematambudziko akawanda kubva pakubvisa. Izvi zvinobvumira vashandi vezvokurapa kuvarambidza zvishoma nezvishoma kubva mishonga iyo yave vajaira.
Vanoitawo kuti vachengetedze vacheche muzvivanze nekudzivirira kunononoka uye mhere-mhere kuitira kuti vasave-vanosimudzirwa sezvavanozorora nekuporesa. Kurapa kwakakwana kweNAS kunogona kutora kusvika masvondo matanhatu.
The Takeaway
Kushandiswa kweipioid panguva yekuzvitakura chirwere chakakura chinoramba chichikanganisa vana vatsva vakawanda muUnited States. Kushandiswa zvisina kufanira panguva yekubata kunogona kutungamirira kumucheche ane chirwere chekurera vana uye ane hurwere hwakawanda hunotengesa uye hurefu kwenguva refu.
Zvinosuruvarisa, NAS yakaoma kukunda nokuti vakadzi vanodhakwa nemishonga panguva yekuzvitora kwavo vanoona zvakaoma kutsvaka rubatsiro. Kunyange zvazvo kushanda nachiremba kunogona kuvabatsira kuti vawane chirongwa chekurapa kuti vasiye mishonga, vangave vachitya kurasikirwa kuchengetedzwa kwevana vavo kana kutongerwa kushandiswa kwemishonga.
> Sources:
> Barfield, W., (2016, August). Dambudziko neonatal abstinence syndrome. Nzvimbo dzeDaase Control uye Kudzivirira. https://www.cdc.gov/cdcgrandrounds/pdf/archives/2016/august2016.pdf
> National Institute on Drug Abuse. (2015, September). Kuwedzerwa kunoshamisa mukushandiswa kwemaiiioid emadzimai uye neonatal abstinence syndrome. https://www.drugabuse.gov/related-topics/trends-statistics/infographics/dramatic-increases-in-maternal-opioid-use-neonatal-abstinence-syndrome