Iwe unogona kunge wakacherechedza kuti kune ruzivo rwakanyanya pamwe chete nemasangano anokonzera leukemia uye lymphoma pamwechete. Ndezvipi zvakasiyana uye chii chakafanana pakati peeukemias uye lymphomas?
Kusiyana pakati peLeukemias neLymphomas
Leukemias uye lymphomas zvinowanzobatanidzwa pamwechete. Chikonzero ichi ichi ndechokuti ivo vose vari vaviri vanofunga se "maranho ane chokuita neropa".
Izvi zvinopesana ne "zviputi zvakasimba" zvakadai sekenza yemazamu kana mutsa wemapapu.
Tichakurukura zvimwe zvekusiyana uku kubva pakutsanangurwa uye kubva kumasero, asi zvakakosha kucherechedza pakarepo kuti pane zvisizvo. Kune zvakawanda zvakasiyana mukati meboka rekenza zvinonzi leukemias pamwe chete pakati pezvirwere zvinoshandiswa se lymphomas. Zvechokwadi, iwe uchaona kuti pane dzimwe nguva chimwe chezvinhu zvinokonzerwa neukemia zvinowanzoonekwa mune imwe mhando ye lymphoma pane mune mamwe eukemasia, uye zvakasiyana. Muenzaniso apo patinotaura nezvekusiyana kwezera panguva iyo mahara anokonzera. Leukemia ndiyo kanowanzovhiringirwa nekenza, uye isu tinowanzotanga nezvemaukemias sezvirwere zvehuduku uye lymphomas sekenzasi inowanikwa kune vakwegura vakuru. Kunyange zvakadaro marudzi mazhinji ehuukemia anonyanya kuonekwa kune vakwegura, asi mamwe marudzi e-lymphoma, akadai seHodgkin's lymphoma , anowanzowanikwa kune vechidiki.
Kuziva kuti kune zvakawanda zvinobatana uye zvakawanda zvisiri izvo, ngatitarisei zvakasiyana zvikuru pakati peeukemias uye lymphomas.
1. Tsanangudzo dzakasiyana dzeLeukemia neLymphoma
Leukemia uye lymphoma zvinotsanangurwa nenzira iyo inogona kuoneka isinganzwisisiki nemanzwiro ezuva ranhasi, uye nezvimwe zvakawanda uye zvinyorwa zvinoputika.
Izvi zviri chikamu nokuti izvi tsanangudzo dzakagadzirwa kare kare, kutanga muma1800s. Heano zvinhu zviviri zvakasiyana-siyana mukutsanangurwa, kutanga ne:
- Chimwe chinhu chinokosha chaunofanira kutarisa ndechekuti kana kuti kwete chirwere chinowanzobatanidzwa nehuwandu hwemasero machena eropa, kana kuti leukocytes, inopararira mumhepo inopararira, kana ropa. Zvose zvitsvuku uye masero masero eropa zvinoumbwa mukati mimwe mapfupa emuviri, mumufupa wepafu , uye "ropa reropa" rinotsanangura masero aya akariita mumidziyo yeropa uye haasisiri mumarongo. Iyi yakawanda yemasero machena eropa mukati memvura inoyerera ndiyo inowanzoita seyukemia.
- Chimwe chinhu chinonyanya kukosha kuziva nezvacho ndechekuti chirwere chacho chinokura nekubatanidzwa kwepakutanga kwemafupa, izvo zvinowanzoita seyukemia.
Iye zvino, regai tiongorore mazwi echiremba chaizvoizvo akashandiswa kutsanangura leukemia uye lymphoma.
- Lymphoma inotsanangurwa se "chero kuipa kwemaviri e-lymphoid." Saka, chii chinonzi lymphoid tissue, iwe unobvunza? Mhuka ye lymphoid inosanganisira zvose masero uye nhengo. Masero-kusanganisira mamwe masero eropa-uye nhengo-kusanganisira thymus , bone marrow, lymph nodes, uye spleen. Inonyanya kushandiswa se cell muyuniti ye lymphoid ndiyo lymphocyte . Mukuwedzera kune nhengo, mishonga ye lymphoid inosanganisira zvikamu zvemasero ari mumuviri wose, panzvimbo dzakarongeka kuti varwe nevashamisi. Mienzaniso yemasayiti aya inosanganisira matonsi, nzvimbo munzvimbo yekufema, pasi pemvura yakanyorova mucous membrane, yakafanana neyomukati wematumbo, uye mamwe maviri emuviri.
- Leukemia inotsanangurwa se "chirwere chinopfuurira, chinouraya chemuviri-unoita nhengo, inoratidzirwa nehuwandu hwekuwedzera uye kukura kweeukocyte uye mamiriro ake epamberi muropa nepfupa remafupa." Saka, nhengo dzipi dzinopa ropa, iwe unobvunza? Muvanhu vakuru, marora emapfupa anounza ose masero matsvuku eropa, akawanda emasero machena anonzi granulocytes . Kunyange zvazvo kukurudzirwa kwemuviri weplitocyte kunotanga mumupfupa, vanoenda kumatumbu e-lymphoid, uye kunyanya thymus, spleen, uye lymph nodes, uye izvi zvinyuchi zvinoita basa rinokosha pakuchengetedza nekukura kwema-lymphocytes. (Kune kusiyana kwema-lymphocytes ( B masero ) uye T lymphocytes ( T masero ) asi nokuda kwezvinangwa zvekukurukurirana hatisati tifungidze izvozvi.) Maviri anokosha emupleen, chiropa, lymph nodes nedzimwe nhengo zvakakoshawo mukutsvaga kwema monocytes .
Iyi nhungamiro yakazara yeku kunzwisisa masimba emumasimba anogona kubatsira kubatsanangurira mabasa uye nzvimbo dzemasero eropa uye maviri e-lymphoid mumuviri.
* Cherechedza: Kana zvichiita sokuti tsanangudzo ino yeukwemia uye lymphoma inopfuura nenzira dzakawanda, iwe wakarurama. Izvi zvichataurwa zvakanyanya pasi pasi.
2. Kusiyanisa Zviratidzo pakati peLeukemias neLymphomas
Leukemia uye lymphoma hazviongororwi zvichibva pane zviratidzo chete; zviratidzo zvakawanda zvinowanikwa kana kuti hazvisi pachena kune chirwere, asi zvimwe zviratidzo zvinogona kunge zviri zvimwe zvechirwere chimwe kana chimwe.
Zviratidzo zve lymphoma zvakasiyana uye zvinogona kusanganisira kuvhara kunorwadza kwe lymph nodes . Izvi zvinogona kuonekwa mumutsipa wako, zviputi kana kugomera, kana kuti zvinogona kuonekwa pane zvidzidzo zvekufungidzira (zvakadai semasikirini emasikirini, retroperitoneal nodes, nezvimwe.) Dzimwe zviratidzo zvinogona kusanganisira kuneta kunoramba kuripo, fivha, uye chills, kuputika kweusiku kana unxplained weight loss.
Mhando dzakawanda dzinokonzerwa neukemia dzinogona kubudisa zviratidzo zvakadai sepfupa uye marwadzo akabatana, kuneta, kushaya simba, pamba paganda (nemhaka yepamusoro mazinga emasero matsvuku eropa, anozivikanwa seanemia ,) kubuda nyore nyore kana kuputika (nemhaka yehutsika hwema platelet, kana thrombocytopenia,) fivha, kuora muviri, uye zvimwe zviratidzo, kusanganisira kuvhiringidza lymph nodes, spleen, uye chiropa.
Vanhu vane lymphomas vangave vane zviratidzo zvinoreva zviratidzo zveB, izvo zvinowanzoratidza kenza inokurudzira kana kukurumidza kukurumidza. B zviratidzo zve lymphoma zvinosanganisira fevha, kurasikirwa kwekurema kwekusazvipira, uye kunononoka usiku,
3. Kusiyana Nemajeri Emajeri Ekutanga uye MaSero muChirwere
Kurondedzera mhando dzakasiyana dzemasero uye mavanga emakondombera pakati peeukemias uye lymphomas zviri nyore nekutsanangura mhando shomanana yezvirwere izvi.
Kune 4 maitiro makuru eukemia.
Heino yekutanga 2:
1. Chirwere chinonzi myeloid leukemia, kana AML
2. Chirwere chemuviri chisingagumi, kana CML
Sezvo mazita aya anoratidza, mapoka maviri eukemia "ane myeloid," zvinoreva kuti "kana kufanana nemafuta emapfupa," izvo zvinonzwisisika, sezvo mafuta omukaka ari fekitari yemuviri yekuita masero eropa. Asi shoko rokuti myeloid rinorevawo boka remasero anokanganisa, kana kukura, kubva kune imwe baba-mumwechete- myeloid progenitor cell . Saka, nekuda kweiyo 'myeloid' muzita, tiri kureva masero eropa-forming tissue anonyanya kubva pachikamu chimwechete chemhuri yemasero machena eropa.
Iye zvino tarisa maitiro maviri echireukemia:
3. Acute lymphocytic leukemia, kana ALL
4. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia, kana CLL
Iye zvino, neZV uye CLL, zvingaratidzika sekuti tiri mudambudziko shoma netsanangudzo dzedu ...
Yechipiri mapoka maviri eukemia anobva ku ... lymphocyte lineage .
Zvechokwadi, ALL and CLL inofanira kunge iri lymphomas, saka, yakarurama? -iyo i-lymphocytic-uye lymphocytes inhengo yesero iyo inhengo yezviviri zve lymphoid. Zvakanaka, kwete chaizvo. Kunyange zvazvo lymphocytes ari masero mashoma mumatumbu e-lymphoid, anotanga mufupa remapfupa ndokuenda kune mhuka ye lymphoid. Uyezve, yava nguva yekudzokera kune iro iro rinosungirirwa mune tsanangudzo yechirwere yeukemia: "... inoratidzirwa nehuwandu hwekukura uye nekuvandudzwa kweeukocyte uye avo vanopedzisira vari muropa neropa remafuta."
Kuwedzera, kana kukura nekuwedzera, masero machena eropa uye avo vanopfuurira mberi mumapfupa- uye kuvapo muropa-chikamu chetsanangudzo yeLeukemia inoshumira kusiyanisa ma-leukemias akawanda kubva kune akawanda emaroto.
Heanoi 2 maitiro ezvinyorwa zve lymphoma:
1. Hodgkin's lymphoma, kana HL
2. Hasi-Hodgkin's lymphoma, kana NHL
Mhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzekenza dzinobva kuma-lymphocytes kana kuti dzinomhanya-mhanya-idzi masero e-lymphoma asingawanzoonekwi muropa rega, izvo zvinoreva kuti hazvikwanisi kunzi ma leukemias.
** Pane zvisizvo. Uyewo, mamwe maitiro anonyadzisa ane unhu hunofanirwa nehutachiona uye lymphoma.
4. Kusiyana kweKubatana pakati peLeukemias neLymphomas
Kune kusiyana kwezviitiko, kana kuti kazhinji sei maeukemias uye lymphomas zvichiitika, zvakare. Kakawanda, vanhu vakawanda vanogadzira lymphomas kupfuura yeukemia.
Heino maAmerican Cancer Society anofungidzirwa nezvezviitiko zvitsva muna 2017 zvakaputsika ne subtypes:
Lymphoma - 80,500 vanhu
- 72,240 kwete-Hodgkin's lymphoma
- 8 260 Hodgkin's lymphoma
Leukemia - 62,130 vanhu
- 21,380 myeloid achirwa neukemia
- 6 660 chronic myeloid leukemia
- 5,970 acute lymphocytic leukemia
- 20110 chronic lymphocytic leukemia
- 5,720 mamwe maronda eukemia
5. Kusiyanisa muHera pakutsvaga pakati peLeukemias neLymphomas
Leukemia ndiyo inonyanya kufanana nekenza yenguva, yekuenzanisa kune chikamu chimwe chetatu chemarariya ose muvana. Chechi yechipiri chinonyanya kuwanda chevana vaduku kanzira ndeyekuvhiringidza kwehutachiona hwehutachiona hwehutano, kusanganisira zviputi zvepfungwa. Nokuenzanisa, lymphomas inongori 10 muzana chete yevana vechidiki kanzira.
Kusiyana neizvi, akawanda lymphomas anozivikanwa zvikuru kune vanhu vanopfuura makore 55.
Iko kunowirirana, somuenzaniso, sezvimwe zvisingaverengeki leukemias zvakanyanya kufanana kune vakwegura, asi Hodgkin's lymphoma ine nhamba yekutanga yekuitika mukati memakore gumi nemashanu.
Pasi Panoenderana Nekusiyana Uye Kusiyanisa Pakati Peeukemias neLymphomas
Maviri eukemukema uye lymphomas anoonekwa se "maranho ane chokuita neropa" uye anosanganisira masero anonyanya kukosha mukudzivirira muviri. Iko kune maonero akasiyana pakati pezviviri zvakataurwa pamusoro apa, asi apo zvakaputsika nemawere eukemu nemarymymasi kune zvakawanda zviripo.
Zvichida mutsauko mukuru ndekusiyanisa makondombera ane chokuita neropa uye "zviputi zvakasimba." Muzvizhinji, kurapa kunoita kuti upenyu huvepo huri kufambira mberi kune avo vane ma-leukemias uye lymphomas dzakapfuura kune avo vane zviremera zvakasimba. Semuenzaniso, kuwanikwa kwechirwere chinonzi Gleevec (imatinib) chakashandura chisingaperi chine myeloid leukemia kubva pakuva chirwere chinouraya chose kune mamiriro ezvinhu atinogona kuwanzobata sechirwere chisingaperi, kutarisa chirwere chenguva isingagumi. Acute lymphocytic leukemia yaiva panguva imwe chete kazhinji inouraya, asi vanenge 90 muzana yevana vane chirwere ichi vanogona kuporeswa iye zvino. Kune avo vane Hodgkin's lymphoma, tarisiro yehupenyu yakavandudzwa zvakare. Ichi chirwere, icho chaiva ne10 kubva muzana makore mashanu ekupona kwemazana zana remakore akapfuura, ikozvino ine makore mashanu ekupona kweanopfuura 90 muzana kwekutanga kwekutanga uye kupfuura 50 muzana yepakati yechina chirwere.
Kusiyana neizvi, zvikamu zvakawanda 4 zviremara zvakasimba, zvakadai sekenza yemazamu, kenza yemapapu, uye kancreatic kenza haiporese uye inowanzouraya munguva. Izvozvo zvakati, dzimwe nzira dzekurapa, dzakadai sekurapa kurapa uye immunotherapy zvinopa tariro kuti avo vane zviremera zvakasimba vachazopedzisira vachitevera kufambira mberi mukurarama kwekuti vanhu vazhinji vane kenza ine chokuita neropa iye zvino vanoziva.
> Sources
- > America Cancer Society. Cancer Chokwadi uye Zviitiko 2017. https://www.cancer.org/research/cancer-facts-statistics/all-cancer-facts-figures/cancer-facts-figures-2017.html
- > National Cancer Institute. Mukuru Wasiri Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Treatment (PDQ) - Health Professional Version. Kushandurwa 04/13/17. https://www.cancer.gov/types/lymphoma/hp/adult-nhl-treatment-pdq
- > National Cancer Institute. Mukuru Hodgkin Lymphoma Treatment (PDQ) - Health Professional Version. Updated 01/27/17. https://www.cancer.gov/types/lymphoma/hp/adult-hodgkin-treatment-pdq
- > National Cancer Institute. Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Treatment (PDQ) - Health Professional Version. Kushandurwa 04/14/17. https://www.cancer.gov/types/leukemia/hp/child-all-treatment-pdq