Chirwere cheRukemia
Leukemia ishoko rinowanzoreva kune marudzi akasiyana-siyana evanhu vane kenza yeropa. Leukemia inogona kukonzera vanhu zvakasiyana zvakasiyana, uye kurapwa kunogona kunge kwakasiyana zvakasiyana nehuwandu hwehutachiona hwavanazvo. Munhu anogona kuwana leukemia chero ipi zvayo, asi pakati pevanhu vakuru, chirwere chinonzi leukemia chinowanzoonekwa kune avo vanopfuura makore 60. Vana havawanzove nekenza pamatambudziko akafanana nevakuru. Zvisinei, apo vana vanova nekenza, houkemia ndiyo inowanzoshambadza, iyo inotarisa inenge imwe chete yezvinyorwa zvitatu zvisati zvaitika mucheche yemakore.
> Leukemia masero mumapfupa emapfupa anogona kuita kuti masero matsvuku eropa ave asina kuchena.
Chii Chinonzi Leukemia?
Leukemia ikenza yemasero-ekuumba masero-aya masero mumuviri anogara achiita kuti iwe upe ropa remasero matsvuku, uyewo maplatelet anobatsira ropa rako kuti rive. Chirwere chemuropa chinokonzerwa neukemia munhu zvichienderana nemhando yeropa-inogadzira sero iyo yakagadzirwa neukemia.
Leukemia inotanga mufupa -maronda-chikamu, chikamu chemukati chemamwe mapfupa apo masero anoita ropa anowanikwa mune zvakawanda.
Mucherechedzo emasero epafupa anokonzera kuchena kwechichena chekuita masero eropa, izvo zvinogona kuonekwa muropa, zvinonziwo kupararira kwepachiviri . Dzimwe nguva muukwepa, kuongororwa kweropa kunogona kuratidza kuti kune masero machena akawanda eropa uye nhamba dzakakwirira dzemasero ekutanga kana masero eropa mukuparadzirwa.
Dzimwe nguva, pangave nehuwandu hwemasero e-blood forming anozivikanwa sekumhanyisa kunze kweropa rinopararira. Leukemia masero anogona kukonzera masero evanhu vanowanzoita ropa mumapfupa emafuta, zvichiita kuti zvishoma-kupfuura-zvinowanikwa masero matsvuku eropa, masero eropa, uye maplatelet muropa rega.
Kushaya kwakadaro kunogona kuonekwa muongororo yeropa, uye zvinogona kukonzera zviratidzo.
Kunzwisisa Leukemia Mhando
Mhando ina mikuru yeukwepaia ndeye:
- Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)
- Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML)
- Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)
- Chirwere chisingaperi chinokonzerwa neukemia (CML)
Zita roga roga, sezvaunogona kuona, rinoratidza kana kenza inonzi inorema kana isingagadziriswe neukemia.
- Kurwara kwehupukanana kunowanzobudirira nokukurumidza pasina kurapwa.
- Kurwara kwekemukari kunowanzobudirira zvishoma nezvishoma. Chirwere chepachirwere chisingaverengeki, zvisinei, chingave chiine simba reku 'shandura' kuva mhirizhonga, yakaoma yeukemia.
Acute leukemias, yakadai seYOSE ne AML, inobudirira kubva pakutanga, kusvibiswa kwemvura. Aya masero ekugadzira ropa haaregi kuparadzanisa apo kuitika kwemazuva ose kunowedzera, uye kukura uye kufambira mberi kunowanzova nokukurumidza kupfuura mune zvisingaperi zvinonzi leukemias.
Chronic leukemias yakafanana CLL uye CML, kune rumwe rutivi, inomuka kubva muropa-kuumba masero anenge akakura pakufananidzwa nekuputika, kunyange zvazvo achiri kushamisa. Kuyera ropa muvanhu vane leukemias kunogona kuratidza vashomanana kana kusina masero masero anotenderera.
Izvi zvinowanzokura zvishoma nezvishoma kupfuura acute leukemias.
Chii Chinokonzera Leukemia Myelogenous kana Lymphocytic?
Mukuwedzera kune zvingave zvakaoma kana zvisingagumi, zvinosanganisirawo kana chirwere chinokonzerwa neukemia chiri myelogenous kana lymphocytic nokuti izvi, zvakare, zvinogona kubatsira kufanotaura kuti kenza ichaita sei uye kuti inobatsira sei kuti irarame .
Kuti unzwisise kuti mashoko aya anorevei chaizvo, unoda kuongororwa muchidimbu kuti muviri wako unowanzoita sei masero matsva eropa kuti utore nzvimbo dzekare dzinofa kana kuti dzakapera:
Sezvo zvakasiyana sezvavari, vose vakuru vatsvuku uye masero masero eropa vanobva pane chimwe chinhu chakafanana ne "kholo-kholo" sero, inonzi hematopoietic stem cell, kana HSC . Iwe une HSC dzakawanda mumapfupa ako uye mamwe muropa rako, zvakare.
Kubva kune rimwe reHSC, vazhinji 'zvizvarwa' zvemasero ekugadzira ropa zvinouya mumakwikwi, kuburikidza nekuparadzaniswa kwemasero, pakupedzisira zvichipa kune avo vanozivikanwa masero evanhu vanowanikwa muropa revanhu. Chizvarwa chimwe nechimwe nhanho inofambira mberi pakukura, uye chizvarwa chinouya chichikurumidza zvakakurumidza.
Masero ari ezvizvarwa zvakasiyana-siyana anopiwa mazita akasiyana, akadai seprogenitors kana kuti anofambisa mberi, zvichienderana nechekare kure neHSC mune 'mhuri yemiti' yaunoenda.
Sezvaunofambira mberi munguva, kure neHSC, iwe unogona kutanga kutaurira kuti 'mhuri' yeropa rinogadzira seni richaita sei.
Mhuri mbiri dzakakurumbira mumhuri ndeyedzimwe mhuri ye lymphoid uye myeloid . Mashoko akasiyana akashandiswa kureva mhuri imwe chete; somuenzaniso, lymphoid uye lymphocytic, uye myeloid uye myelogenous.
- Lymphocytic inoreva mhuri iyo inozopedzisira inomuka kune munhu mukuru we-lymphocytes, boka remasero machena eropa.
- Myelogenous inoreva mhuri iyo inoguma ichisvika kumasero matsvuku eropa, masero eropa risina-lymphocytic-kusanganisira neutrophils, somuenzaniso-pamwe nemasero anoita maplatelet ako, anonzi megakaryocytes, anobatsira ropa kuti rivhare.
Mucheukemia, kenza inowedzera mune imwe sero iri pane imwe nzvimbo kumashure mu 'mhuri yemiti' yemasero matsva eropa. Samples ine masero eukemia, kusanganisira ropa uye sopu sampuli, inongororwa mu laboratori kuti ione kana masero ekenza anenge ane myelogenous kana lymphocytic.
Chii Chinokonzera Vanhu Kuwana Leukemia?
Muzviitiko zvakawanda, masayendisiti haazive kunyatsoratidzika kwokuti kubatwa kweukondombera kunotanga sei.
Asi kune mamwe maitiro eukemia, zvinokonzera ngozi zvinowanikwa. Zvinhu zvinowedzera njodzi ndezvekubatana kunobatsira masayendisiti kunzwisisa zviri nani chirwere chacho nekukura kwayo. Zvisinei, kungoti iwe une dambudziko risina kureva kuti iwe uchaita kuti uwedzere chirwere ichi.
Nhaurirano muchidimbu: KuAml, hutsananguro hutsva hwakawanikwa, asi vanhu vazhinji vanowana AML havana zvinhu izvi zvinowanzoisa mungozi:
- Kusvuta
- Kusuruvara kwenguva yakareba kumazinga akakwirira eBenene, ikemikari inowanikwa muutsi hwefodya uye inoshandiswa mune dzimwe makambani
- Kurapa kwekare nemamwe chemotherapy mishonga
- Marefu akakwirira emayera
- Zvimwe zvizvarwa zvinowanikwa panguva yekuzvarwa
- Kuva neshamwari yepedyo yemhuri yakawana AM
Mazinga makuru emasikirwo akave akabatanidzwawo ku ALL uye CML. Nhoroondo yemhuri inogonawo kuitika pane dzimwe nguva, zvakadai seCLL.
Zviratidzo Zvizhinji zveAukemia
Zviratidzo zvehutano hwemaperembudzi zvakanyanyisa mune zvimwe zviitiko uye zvakanyanya kusipo kune vamwe, izvo zvatinoziva hazvinyaradzi. Zvinogona kuuya zvishoma nezvishoma kana pakarepo. Dzimwe nguva zviratidzo zvokutanga uye zviratidzo zvingave zvisinganzwisisiki, zvakadai sezviratidzo zvakadai sechirwere-ichi uye kuneta, kana kunogona kusanganisira zvirwere zvinowanzoitika. Zvisinei, chirwere chinokonzerwa neukemia chinogonawo kukura zvakajeka uye zvakajeka nezviratidzo zvakanyatsojevera . Zviratidzo zvekutarisa zvinosanganisira zvinotevera:
- Fever
- Zvirwere zvekare
- Kusaputsika kana kubuda ropa
- Kuneta
- Kushaya simba
- Kuvhiringidzika pakuita muviri
- Kusuruvara kwemuviri kana kuzara
- Unintentional kurasikirwa kwekurema
- Kuwedzera kwe lymph nodes spleen uye / kana chiropa
- Uturu hunorwadza
Mhando dzakawanda dzinokonzerwa neukemia dzinogona kuita zviratidzo zvakadai sepfupa uye marwadzo ekubatana, fever , usiku sweats, kuneta, kushaya simba, ganda rinenge riripo, kubuda nyore nyore kana kuputika , kuora muviri, nezvimwe, kusanganisira kubvumira lymph nodes, spleen, uye chiropa.
Zviratidzo zvehutachiwana hwehutano zvakadai sekufunga zvakanyanya kuneta uye kushaya simba, apo kubva pakushaikwa kwemasero matsvuku eropa, kana kuti chirwere chepemhenga , zvinogonawo kufungidzira kuti yakawanda yemapfupa emapfupa ane utano zvakatorwa sei nemasero eukemia.
Zviratidzo zveMhando Dzakasiyana Neukemia
Dzimwe nguva, chimiro chakasiyana kana chikamu chechirwere chinokonzerwa neukemia chinogona kuva nechiratidzo chechimiro kana kuti yezviratidzo zvisingawanzi mune dzimwe mhando dzeukemia.
Semuenzaniso, acute promyelocytic leukemia, chikamu chechirwere chinonzi myelogenous leukemia , ine zvimwe zviratidzo zvinoratidza zvekubuda ropa nekuwedzeredza, pamwe nekushambadzira, zvisingaiti zvehutano hwehuukemia.
Mune acute lymphocytic leukemia , iyo inowanzokonzera vana, chirwere chinokonzerwa neukemia chinogona kupinda mumvura inenge yakakomberedza uropi nemumutsipa wesipinha, zvichiita zviratidzo zvakabatana zvakadai semusoro, maziso asina kunaka, kushungurudzwa kwemanyowa uye kukanganisa (kunze kwezviratidzo zvisiri izvo zvisiri izvo).
Mune chirwere chisingaperi chine myelogenous leukemia , vazhinji vanenge 40 muzana yevarwere vangave vasina zviratidzo zvachose, uye kuongororwa kunogona kutevera kubva pane tsika yekuongorora-kana kushanyira chimwe chinhu chinetseka.
Leukemia Diagnosis
Apo zviratidzo, kuongorora kwepanyama muviri, nhoroondo yezvokurapa, nezvimwe zvinonzwika zvinoreva kuti houkemia inogona kunge yakakosha, miedzo yakasiyana-siyana inogona kushandiswa kuita chiitiko chekuongorora. Kuyera ropa uye kuongororwa kwemapfupa emapfupa zvinowanzodiwa kuti zviratidze chirwere chacho, uye matepi emupopu anogona kuitwa mune dzimwe nguva. Kuongorora ropa uye mapfupa emapfupa emapfupa zvinobatsirawo kuziva AML, ALL, CML, uye CLL subtypes. Samples kubva kune dzimwe nzvimbo zvinogona kutorwawo kubatsira kubatsira kuongororwa neukemia uye kubatsira kutungamirira kurapwa.
Dambudziko reRopa
Nhamba yakakwana yeropa, kana CBC , inosanganisira kuverenga kuongororwa kwemasero eropa emhando dzakasiyana-siyana kuti uone kana nhamba yako inowira mumutambo wakatarwa kana kuti usina kukwana. ICBC inowanzoitwa pamwe chete ne'kusiyanisa 'kuverengwa, iyo inopa huwandu hwemhando dzemhando dzemasero, zvakadai seveutrophils uye lymphocytes, pasi pemusaramendi inonzi' white blood cell. '
Ropa smear rinonyatsotarisa: Rinoitwa kuongorora masero eropa microscopically, kazhinji mushure mokunge CBC yakazvimirira yakasiyana-siyana inoratidza zvisingaiti kana kuti masero masero aripo. Mune ropa rinoputika, masero mashoma uye kusakanganisika anogona kuratidzika kusvika pakukwanisika kuburikidza nekuoneka kwechimiro.
Kutanga kuongorora uye kuongorora kunosanganisirawo dzimwe kuongororwa kweropa, zvakadai seropa chemistries, kuti uongorore zvinetso zvinokonzerwa neukemia mune dzimwe nhengo, somuenzaniso.
Bone Bone Marrow
A biopsy inzira inoshandiswa nayo muenzaniso wemasero kubva mumuviri kuti uwedzere kudzidza. Pfupa remapfupa rinowanzotanga nefupa remafupa, mune izvo zvishoma zvinokonzerwa nemapfupa anobudiswa kuva sirin. Zvadaro, nokuda kwebiopsy pachayo, nhomba huru inowanzomanikidzwa nekufambisa kunyura mumapfupa (kazhinji hipbone) kuwana soro duku, sarlindrical yemarrow. Zvinyorwa zvitsva zvinozoongororwa nechirwere chechirwere uye zvinowedzera kuongororwa kwema laboratory. Zvichienderana nemhando yeukwepa inofungidzirwa, biopsies kune dzimwe nzvimbo, zvakadai semakirini, anogonawo kubatanidzwa.
Lumbar Pure / Spinal Tap
Kuvhara kwechimbichimbi kana mutsara unogona kuitwa kuti uongorore houkemia. Pasi pemunyanzvi hwemagetsi, nheyo inowanikwa munharaunda yemutsana kuti inopinda mumvura inopoteredza uye inoshambidza musana; muenzaniso wemvura inoshandiswa, pamwe chete nemamwe masero eukemia angave aripo. Imwe nyanzvi yezvechipatara inotsanangura izvi.
Genetic Testing of Cancerous Cells
Maitiro eGenetic anowanzoitwa pamasero asina kukwana sechikamu chekuongororwa uye kuongororwa kwekemukemia. Cytogenic tsanangudzo inoreva zviedzo zvinongorora kuchinja kwema chromosomes emasero eukemia. Zvimwe zvinoshanduka uye mararamiro ekugadzirisa zvekare zvinobatsirawo vanachiremba kufanotaura kuti kuuraya kungaita sei.
Scans uye Imaging
Dzimwe nguva kufungidzira kunofanirwa kuita basa mukubatsira vanachiremba kutsvaga masero mune imwe chikamu chemuviri wehupopi, kana kuziva kana lymph nodes kana dzimwe nhengo dzichiwedzera.
Kuongororwa Kwemarudzi Akasiyana Neukemia
AML inoratidzwa nefupa marrow biopsy uye laboratory analysis ye bone marrow cells. AML dzimwe nguva inogona kupararira kumvura inopoteredza uropi uye muromo wepelinha, saka vanachiremba vangaita chigamba kana kuti mutsara wegomba kuitira kuti mvura inoshandiswa zvakare. Miedzo inoshandiswawo kuratidza maitiro eAAML, kusanganisira chromosomal mararamiro uye mazita ejeni uye kuchinja kwemajini.
CLL inowanikwa kune dzimwe nguva muvanhu vasina zviratidzo. CLL inogona kuonekwa seyo inogona kuongororwa kana munhu mukuru ane high absolute lymphocyte count, kana kukwirira nekuda kweyero lymphocytes. High lymphocyte chiitiko chinogonawo kuitika kune zvimwe, zvisingave nekenza zvakadai sehutachiona hwemononucleosis uye pertussis, zvisinei; Izvo zvinowanzoitika kune dzimwe dzimwe ropa dzekenza.
Mune zvimwe zviitiko zveLLL, kuongororwa kweropa kunogona kukwana kuti kuongororwa, asi kuongorora marora emapfupa kunobatsira kuti utaure kuti yakanyanya sei, uye kuongororwa kwemapfupa emafuta naizvozvo kazhinji kunoitwa musati watapwa. Mune zvimwe zviitiko zveCLL, chikamu chekromosome chinogona kunge chiripo , chinogona kuchinja maonero, saka kuongorora mazita emasero asina kukwana anokosha zvakare.
CML , yakafanana neCLL, inowanzoonekwa kuti munhu asati ane zviratidzo. CML inogona kutanga ichitsoropodzwa nekuratidza iyo inowanikwa zvakawanikwa muropa uye pfupa marora. Vakawanda vanorwara ne CML vane mhepo dzakawanda dzakawanda dzeropa dzine dzakawanda masero masero muropa ravo. Dzimwe nguva CML varwere vane nhamba dzakaderera dzemasero matsvuku eropa kana maplatelet eropa. Izvi zvingave zvinokonzera kuukwepa, asi kuongororwa kazhinji kunoda kumwe kuongerwa ropa kana kuedzwa kwemafupa emapfupa kuti ave nechokwadi.
Mune vanhu vane CML, bone marora kazhinji 'hypercellular,' zvinoreva kuti ine mamwe masero anopa ropa kupfuura anotarisirwa nokuti izere nemasero eukemia. Chimwe chimiro chekuberekwa kwemajeni emasero asina kukwana anoitwa kutarisa Philadelphia chromosome uye / kana BCR-ABL geni.
ZOSE hazviwanzoongororwa pasina kubvunzurudza marora. Ruzhinji rwevanhu vane ALL vane akawanda masero masero eropa muropa ravo, uye kwete masero matsvuku kana maplatelet. Mazhinji emasero machena eropa achava lymphoblasts kana kuputika. Izvi zvinokonzera mishonga yemazuva mashoma. Kufanana ne AML, sezvo ALL inogona kupararira kunharaunda yakapoteredza uropi uye musana wemutsana, mvura inoshambidza nhengo idzi inogona kuenzanisirwa kuburikidza nechigamba chinenge chichimbwa kana mutsara. Sezvimwe nemamwe marudzi eukemia, kuongororwa kwakakosha kunoratidza maitiro emasero asina kukwana kubatsira kubatsira kugadziriswa uye leukemia subtypes. Semuenzaniso, imwe tsvina inotendeuka inochinja chikamu chemasero madema kana iri AML masero asi kwete kana iri ALL cells.
Kuongorora kwechromosome kunewo basa mu AML nekuti, sa CML, vamwe vanhu vane ALL vane rearrangement mumakromosomes avo anotungamirira kuChristelphia chromosome. Vanenge 25 kubva muzana yevanhu vakuru neVOSE vane izvi zvisina kufanira mumasero avo eukemia.
Pasi pane kuongororwa kwehuwandu hwekutsvaga hutsva hwemarudzi ose eukemia muUnited States gore negore:
- 19 950 mitsva itsva ye AML
- 18 960 mamiriro matsva eCLL
- 8.220 mitsva itsva ye CML
- 6,590 mitsva itsva ye ALL
Nguva Yokuona Chiremba Wako
Iwe unofanirwa kugadzirisa chiremba nachiremba wako kana iwe uine zviratidzo zvinopfuurira kana zviratidzo zvinokutambudza. Zviratidzo zvehutachiona zvinogona kunge zvisinganzwisisiki uye kwete zvakananga. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, chirwere chinokonzerwa neukemia chinowanikwa munguva yeropa rekuongorora rinoitwa kune chimwe chikonzero.
Sezvo dzakawanda zvezviratidzo zvehutachiona huri zviratidzo zvezvakawanda zvakajairika (uye, pane dzimwe nguva, zvishoma pamusoro pezvirwere), zvinokosha kuti usatya. Kushanda nachiremba wako kunogona kubatsira kuisa zvido zvako zvepanyama kana zviratidzo mumamiriro ezvinhu, zvichibvumira kunyatsofungisisa zvakanyatsoenderana nhanho dzinotevera.
Shoko Rinobva
A leukemia diagnosis ingagadzirisa nyika yako. Zvingave iwe iwe, iwe waunoda, kana kuti zvichida iwe mwana wako, chirwere chinokonzerwa neukemia chinoratidzwa kuti hakuna munhu akagadzirira. Ziva kuti zvakajairika kuti unzwe uchinetseka.
Dzidzo ndiyo danho rokutanga, uye richakubatsira iwe kutora rwendo rwako rwechirwere chekenza. Munenge munyaya dzose, kunewo nzira yekurapa iyo inodawo kuitika-iyo isingabvi kubva mubhagi re IV, mapiritsi, kana kuwedzerwa ropa.
Shandisa zvidzidzo zvekusimbisa uye zvigadzirwa. Dzidza kubva kune vanhu vakafamba muzvishongo zvenyu. Ziva kuti hausi wega, kunyange kana dzimwe nguva inonzwa sewe. Uye, nguva dzose mubvunze mibvunzo.
> Sources:
> The Leukemia & Lymphoma Society. https://www.lls.org/sites/default/files/file_assets/understandingleukemia.pd
> National Cancer Institute. Leukemia - Health Professional Version (PDQ). http://www.cancer.gov/types/leukemia/hp